Biomedical Applications @ IN2P3
Nautilus Pompilius
David Brasse
Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert-Curien
UMR 7178, UDS, CNRS-IN2P3
Therapy
Diagnosis
Clinical Exam
Medical & Molecular Imaging
Contrast Agent
Radio-Immunotherapy
Hadrontherapy
Surgery
GDR MI2B
Instruments and Methods
against Cancer
Bioinformatics
Fundamental Research
Radiobiology: particle interaction / cell
In vitro Imaging
Cellular Imaging
In vivo Imaging
Modeling & Simulation (Geant4, Gate)
Reconstruction Algorithms
Diagnosis
Molecular Imaging should be
Accurate,
at an early stage,
predictive.
Improve Spatial Resolution & Detection Efficiency
of Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
- Time Of Fly (TOF)
- Dedicated Readout Electronics
- Crystal/photodetectors coupling
- Innovative Instrumentation (Sc-44 PET 3γ)
- Reconstruction Algorithms
Timing resolution (ps)
LAPPD Project (Fermilab, UC)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
FORE + 2D OSEM
0
10
20
30
Number of photoelectrons
3D OSEM + TOF
40
LPC Clermont, IMNC, CPPM, IPHC
Diagnosis
Molecular Imaging should be
Accurate,
at an early stage,
predictive.
Development of new radiolabeled molecules for PET
- Two Research and Production Sites (ARRONAX, IPHC)
- Innovative Radionuclide for Nuclear Medicine
- Rb-82, Ge-68/Ga-68, Cu-64/67, Sc-44/47, Zr-89
- Research in Radiochemistry
Tc-99m / Rb-82
Tumor angiogenesis (FDG/Cu-DOTA)
Subatech, IPHC
Small Animal Imaging Platform: Sequential Approach
µCT
µSPECT
Screening 2D (fused images)
IPHC
Small Animal Imaging Platform: Combined Approach
=
+
ClearPET (EPFL)
XPAD (CPPM)
CT
XPAD3
camera
PET+CT
RX Tube
PET modules
Conventional CT / Spectral CT
CPPM
Small Animal Imaging: Awake…PixSic Project
First Prototype
Implant test
Objectives:
 Avoid the bias introduced by the anesthesia
 Real time behavioral study
 Multimodal Imaging approach
IMNC, CPPM
Simulation Tools: GATE
Courtesy of C Morel, CPPM
To design:
- Prototypes
To optimize:
- Acquisition protocols
- Reconstruction algorithms
To improve:
- Quantification
- Corrections
CEA/SHFJ
Collaboration openGATE
Simulation is also used for Radiobiology:
Geant4-DNA
« A major challenge lies in providing a sound mechanistic understanding of low-dose
radiation carcinogenesis »
L. Mullenders et al. (2009), Nature Reviews Cancer
Objective : to adapt the general purpose Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit for the
simulation of interactions of radiation with biological systems at the cellular and DNA
level (« microdosimetry »)
Example: single cell irradiation by 3 MeV alpha particles in a high resolution cellular
Phantom.
Collaboration Geant4-DNA
Validation by Experimental Facilities
CENBG, LPC Clermont
Hadrontherapy
Photon
Carbon
Objective: Optimize the Treatment Planning System (TPS) for Carbon
Dose Measurement
Dose Calculation
TPS
Dose Control
Detector
Simulations
Beam Control
Imaging System
Physical Data
& Model
Biological Data
& Model
ETOILE, ARCHADE, ENVISION (FP7)
LPC Caen, LPC Clermont, IPNL, IMNC, IPHC, CPPM
Isotope for Therapy
(1)
(2)
(3)
Principle of Radio-Immunotherapy:
- (1) Specific recognition of cancer cells (eg monoclonal Ab’s, Ab-fragments, peptides)
+ (2) Chelate/Linker (derivatives of DTPA, DOTA)
+ (3) Effective killing
Cluster of cells
β-: Cu-67, Sc-47
Individual cell
α: At-211
Applications for Alpha-Immunotherapy:
- Monocellular cancers (eg Leukemia)
- Micrometastatic disease
- Minimal residual disease after chemotherapy
- Residual tumor tissue after tumor resection
ARRONAX, Subatech
Per-Operative Systems
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Brain Tumors
Mainly dedicated to glioma radioguided
surgery.
Objective: Localization and excision of brain
tumors during surgery
1- To check the radioactivity distribution
before the surgery
(γ camera)
2- To localize the SLNs during the surgery
(γ probe + γ camera)
3- To check the removal of all SLN after the surgery
(γ camera)
Optical and β Detection
+
Excision Tool
IPHC, IMNC
Conclusions
- An increasing number of IN2P3
laboratories are involved in Biomedical
Applications
- Mainly devoted against cancer
- From fundamental researches to
therapeutic approaches
- Involved in European and International
collaborations
- PI Geant4-DNA
- PI openGate
-…
LPC
LPC
LAL
IPNL
IMNC
CENBG
IPHC
CPPM
Subatech
LPSC
CSNSM
Clermont
Caen
Orsay
Lyon
Orsay
Bordeaux
Strasbourg
Marseille
Nantes
Grenoble
Orsay
Thank you for your attention