Nutrition
NUR 102 Lab
Module I
Enteral Nutrition
• Definition—administration of
nutrients directly into the GI tract
• Beneficial when oral feedings are not
possible, but the stomach or
intestines are able to digest
nutrients
• Preferred over parenteral nutrition
Evidence-Based Practice
• Indications
– Impaired swallowing or gag reflex
usually related to a neurological process
– Nutritional deficit due to decreased
food ingestion
– Inability to eat related to surgery,
injury, or disease
Continued…
• Complications
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Displacement of tube
Electrolyte imbalance
Hyperglycemia
Constipation
Diarrhea
Clogging of the tube
Vomiting
Pulmonary aspiration
Enteral Feeding
• Types
– Nasogastric—a small tube that is passed
through the nares into the stomach
– Nasointestinal—tungsten-weighted tube
inserted through the nares to allow peristalsis
to move the tube through the pyloric sphincter
into the duodenum or jejunum
– Gastrostomy—surgically placed feeding tube
inserted into the stomach in the LUQ of the
abdomen
Continued…
Continued…
Continued…
Equipment Needed
•
•
•
•
NG tube
Catheter tip syringe, 60cc
Tape or tube fixation device
Cup of water or ice chips for the
patient
• Clean gloves
Continued…
Insertion of a Nasogastric
or Nasointestinal Tube
• Refer to Skill 30-1, pg 1014
Verifying Tube Placement
•
•
•
•
X-ray after initial insertion
pH of aspirate
Air bolus auscultation
Aspiration of gastric contents or
feeding
NG Tube Irrigation
• Refer to Skill 30-3, pg 1025
Types of NG Feedings
• Intermittent or Bolus
• Continuous drip
Equipment for Feeding
• Clean gloves
• 60cc syringe or feeding bag
• Formula
Feeding Administration
• Refer to Skill 30-4, pg 1028
Evaluation of Feeding
• Measure residual per policy—notify
MD if >100cc
• Monitor blood sugar levels per policy
• Intake and output every 8 hours
• Monitor lab values—albumin,
prealbumin, protein, transferrin
Continued…
•
•
•
•
Daily weights
Assess respiratory status
Assess level of comfort
Assess abdomen—bowel sounds
Gastrostomy Feedings
• Refer to Skill 30-5, pg 1036
NCLEX Review Questions
Parenteral Therapy
• Definition—specialized nutrition
support delivered intravenously
• Ideal for patients who cannot digest
or absorb enteral nutrition
• Provides amino acids, dextrose, fat
emulsions, vitamins, minerals, and
trace elements
Central Venous Catheter
PICC Line
Nursing Care
• Refer to Skill 31-1, pg 1049, Skill312, pg 1-57, and Skill 31-3, pg 1061
NCLEX Review Questions