Bone Markings
-Bone markings can be classified as
either a depression, a projection that helps
forms joints (articulation), or projections
that are sites of muscle and ligament
attachment.
*see page 115 Table 5.1 in text
book for further reference.
Projections that are sites of muscle
and ligament attachment
Tuberosity
• Large rounded projection,
may be roughened.
– Palpable
– Ex. Tibial Tuberosity
Crest
• Narrow ridge of bone
usually prominent.
– Palpable
– Ex. Iliac Crest
Trochanter
• Very large, blunt irregular
shaped process.
– Palpable
– Ex. Greater and lesser
Trochanter of the Femur
Line
• Narrow ridge of bone, less
prominent than a crest.
– Not Palpable
– Intertrochanteric Line
Epicondyle
• Raised area on or above a
condyle.
• Is a site of ligament
attachment
– Palpable
– Ex. Medial and Lateral
epicondyle of the Humerus
Tubercle
• Small rounded projection or
process
– Palpable
– Ex. Greater and lesser
tubercle of the Humerus
Spine
• Sharp, slender often
pointed projection.
– Palpable
– Ex. Scapular Spine
Ramus
• Arm-like bar of bone
– Palpable
– Ex. Mandibular Ramus
Projections that help to form Joints
(articulation)
Head
• Bony expansion carried on a
narrow neck.
– Not palpable in the Femur or
Humerus, but is palpable in
the Radius
– Ex. Femoral Head
Facet
• Smooth nearly flat articular
surface.
– Not Palpable
– Ex. Rib Facet ( connects to the
vertebrae)
Condyle
• Rounded articular
projection
– Palpable
– Ex. Femoral condyle
Depressions
(allow passage of blood vessels and nerves)
Meatus
• Canal-like passage way
– Palpable
– Ex. External Auditory Meatus
Sinus
• Cavity within a bone filled
with air and lined with
mucous membrane.
– Not Palpable
– Ex. Sinus in Cranium
Fossa
• Shallow basin-like
depression in bone, often
serving as an articular
surface.
– Not Palpable
– Ex. Glenoid Fossa in Scapula
Groove
• Slit-like furrow
– Not Palpable
– Ex. Bicipital Groove in
Humerus
Fissure
• Narrow slit-like opening
• Allows for blood vessel and
nerve passage.
– Not Palpable
– Ex. Located in Skull
Foramen
• Round or oval opening
through bone.
– Not Palpable
– Ex. Vertebral Foramen.
Picture Sources
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
http://redsports.sg/wp-content/uploads/2008/06/tibial-tuberosity.jpg
http://stemcelldoc.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/iliac_crest_model.jpg
http://www.pediatricorthopedics.com/Topics/Bones/Femur/Upper_Posterior_Lab.jpg
http://img.tfd.com/vet/thumbs/gr208.jpg http://www.courses.vcu.edu/DANC291003/scapula_spine.jpg
http://www.courses.vcu.edu/DANC291-003/scapula_spine.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Femur_head.png
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_152o9FAeCE/SATS864PRJI/AAAAAAAAAN0/fcFKrwwO52A/s400/rib1.jpg
http://www.health-res.com/EX/07-28-00/knee_OCD_anatomy01.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Human_skull_lateral_view.j
pg
http://www.health.com/health/static/hw/media/medical/hw/n1808.jpg
http://www.chionline.com/anatomy/anat37.gif
http://mial.fas.sfu.ca/Files/BGHumerus.jpg
http://en.wikivisual.com/images/4/4e/Gray_190_-_The_skull_from_the_front.png
http://www.apparelyzed.com/_images/content/spine/vertebrae-spine.jpg
Bibliography
• Marieb, E. N. (2000). Overview of the
Skeleton. Essentials of Human Anatomy and
Physiology (pp. 47). Reading: An Imprint of
Addison Wesley Longman Inc. .