FREE
THROW
ANALYSIS
BY KELLEN COOKE, KJ MEDINA, & BRITTANY CRAVEN
PHASES
Preparatory
Action
Follow Through
MUSCLES INVOLVED
IN LOWER EXTREMITY
QUADRICEPS GROUP
• Rectus femoris
• Vastus medialis
• Vastus lateralis
• Vastus Intermedius
LOWER LEG
• Gastrocnemius
• Soleus
• Tibialis anterior
MUSCLES INVOLVED
IN LOWER EXTREMITY
HAMSTRINGS GROUP
• Biceps femoris
• Semitendinosus
• Semimembranosus
MUSCLES INVOLVED
IN UPPER EXTREMITY
SHOULDER JOINT & GIRDLE
•
Trapezius
•
Rhomboids
•
Serratus anterior
•
Pectoralis minor
•
Deltoid
•
Coracobrachialis
•
Subscapularis
•
Infraspinatus
•
Teres minor
•
Supraspinatus
MUSCLES INVOLVED
IN UPPER EXTREMITY
ELBOW JOINT
• Biceps brachii
• Brachialis
• Brachioradialis
• Triceps brachii
MUSCLES INVOLVED
IN UPPER EXTREMITY
WRIST JOINT
•
Extensor carpi radialis brevis & longus
•
Extensor carpi ulnaris
•
Extensor pollicis longus
•
Flexor carpi radialis
•
Flexor carpi ulnaris
•
Flexor digitorum superficialis
& profundus
•
Pronator teres
•
Supinator
PREPARATORY PHASE
PREPARATORY: LOWER
EXTREMITY CHART
Joint
&
Classification
Action
Agonist
Antagonist
Planes/Axes
Hip
(enarthrodial)
Flexion
Rectus femoris Hamstrings
(eccentric)
group
Sagittal/frontal
Knee
(ginglymus)
Flexion
Quadriceps
group
(eccentric)
Sagittal/frontal
Ankle
(ginglymus)
Dorsiflexion
Gastrocnemius Tibialis anterior Sagittal/frontal
& soleus
(eccentric)
Hamstrings
group
PREPARATORY: SHOULDER
GIRDLE CHART DOMINANT & NON-DOMINANT
Joint
&
Classification
Action
Agonist
Shoulder Girdle:
Slight
Acromioclavicular Protraction
Scapulothoracic
&
sternoclavicular
(amphiarthrodial)
Pectoralis
minor
&serratus
anterior
(concentric)
Antagonist
Trapezius &
rhomboids
Other muscles involved in isometric contraction:
• Supraspinatus
• Infraspinatus
• Teres minor
• Subscapularis
• Levator scapulae
• Trapezius
• Rhomboids
Planes/Axes
Transverse/vert
ical
PREPARATORY: SHOULDER
JOINT CHART DOMINANT & NON-DOMINANT
Joint
&
Classificatio
n
Action
Agonist
Antagonist
Planes/Axes
Glenohumeral
(enarthrodial)
Flexion
Anterior deltoid,
Upper pectoralis
major,
coracobrachialis
(concentric)
Lower pectoralis
major,
subscapularis,
latissimus dorsi,
teres major & minor,
and infraspinatus
Sagittal/frontal
glenohumeral
Internal
rotation
Pectoralis major,
subscapularis,
anterior deltoid,
latissimus dorsi,
teres major
(concentric)
Posterior deltoid,
infraspinatus, teres
minor
Transverse/ve
rtical
PREPARATORY: ELBOW &
WRIST JOINT DOMINANT & NON-DOMINANT
Joint
&
Classification
Action
Agonist
Antagonist
Planes/Axes
Humeroulnar
(ginglymus)
Flexion
Brachialis,
Triceps brachii Sagittal/frontal
biceps brachii,
and
brachioradialis
(concentric)
Radiocarpal
(condyloid)
Extension
Extensor carpi
ulnaris,
extensor carpi
radialis brevis
& longus, and
extensor
pollicis longus
(concentric)
Flexor carpi
radialis, flexor
carpi ulnaris,
and flexor
digitorum
superficialis &
profundus
Sagittal/frontal
PREPARATORY: WRIST
JOINT ACTION ON
DOMINANT SIDE
Joint
&
Classification
Radioulnar
(trochoidal)
Action
Pronation
Agonist
Pronator teres
(concentric)
Antagonist
Supinator
Planes/Axes
Transverse/ver
tical
EXECUTION PHASE
EXECUTION PHASE: LOWER
EXTREMITY DOMINANT & NON-DOMINANT
Joint
&
Classification
Action
Agonist
Antagonist
Planes/Axes
Hip
(enarthrodial)
Extension
Rectus
Femoris
(concentric)
Hamstrings
and gluteus
maximus
Sagittal/frontal
Knee
(ginglymus)
Extension
Quadriceps
group
(concentric)
Hamstrings
Sagittal/frontal
Ankle
(ginglymus)
Plantarflexion
Gastrocnemius Tibialis anterior Sagittal/frontal
and soleus
(concentric)
EXECUTION PHASE: SHOULDER
GIRDLE DOMINANT & NON-DOMINANT
Joint
&
Classification
Action
Shoulder Girdle:
Elevation
Acromioclavicluar,
Scapulothoracic,
and
sternoclavicular
Agonist
Antagonist
Planes/Axes
Levator
scapulae, upper
trapezius, middle
rhomboids
(concentric)
Lower
trapezius &
pectoralis
major
Frontal/sagittal
Protraction
Serratus anterior
& pectoralis
minor
(concentric)
Rhomboids &
middle
trapezius
Transverse/ver
tical
Upward
rotation
Serratus
anterior, upper &
middle trapezius
(concentric)
Pectoralis
minor &
rhomboids
Frontal/sagittal
EXECUTION PHASE: SHOULDER
JOINT DOMINANT & NON-DOMINANT
Joint
&
Classification
Glenohumeral
(enarthrodial)
Action
Agonist
Antagonist
Planes/Axes
Flexion
Anterior deltoid,
coracobrachialis
(concentric)
Lat. Dorsi, teres
major, lower
pectoralis major,
posterior deltoild
Sagittal/frontal
Internal
rotation
Subscapularis,
latissimus dorsi,
teres major
(concentric)
Infraspinatus & Transverse/ver
teres major
tical
NON-DOMINANT
Joint
&
Classification
Glenohumeral
(enarthrodial)
Action
Abduction
Agonist
Antagonist
Planes/Axes
Supraspinatus,
Deltoids, & upper
pec. Major
(concentric)
Lat. Dorsi, teres
major, lower pec.
Major
Frontal/sagittal
EXECUTION PHASE: ELBOW
JOINT DOMINANT & NON-DOMINANT
Joint
& Classification
Humeroulnar
(ginglymus)
Action
Extension
*Non-dominant does
not reach full
extension.
Agonist
Triceps brachii &
anconeus
(concentric)
Antagonist
Planes/Axes
Biceps brachii,
brachialis &
brachioradialis
Sagittal/frontal
Antagonist
Planes/Axes
WRIST JOINT
DOMINANT
Joint &
Classification
Radiocarpal
(condyloid)
Action
Flexion
Agonist
flexion
(concentric)
extension
Sagittal/frontal
NON-DOMINANT
Joint &
Classification
Radiocarpal
(condyloid)
Action
Extension
Agonist
Extensors
(isometric)
Antagonist
Flexors
Planes/Axes
Sagittal/frontal
FOLLOW THROUGH
FOLLOW THROUGH PHASE: LOWER
EXTREMITY DOMINANT & NON-DOMINANT
Joint
&
Classification
Ankle
(ginglymus)
Action
Dorsiflexion
Agonist
Antagonist
Gastrocnemius Tibialis
& soleus
anterior
(eccentric)
Planes/Axes
Sagittal/frontal
**Position of the hip & knee in the
follow through are the same as in
execution phase, however they are now
isometrically contracting.
FOLLOW THROUGH PHASE:
SHOULDER JOINT & GIRDLE
DOMINANT & NON-DOMINANT
**See shoulder joint & girdle slides of
execution phase. There is no change in
joint movement going into follow through.
ELBOW JOINT
DOMINANT & NON-DOMINANT
**Reference elbow joint slide of execution
phase for follow through as well. There is
just further extension of the dominant
elbow joint.
FOLLOW THROUGH PHASE:
WRIST JOINT
DOMINANT
Joint
&
Classification
Radiocarpal
(condyloid)
Action
Flexion
Agonist
Flexors
(concentric)
Antagonist
Extensors
Planes/Axes
Sagittal/frontal
NON-DOMINANT
Joint
&
Classification
Radiocarpal
(condyloid)
Action
Extension
Agonist
Extensors
(isometric)
Antagonist
Flexors
Planes/Axes
Sagittal/frontal
MOST COMMON PATHOLOGIES
OCCURING FROM FREE THROW
3 very closely related pathologies:
•
Shoulder Impingement- space between acromion & rotator cuff tendons
is narrowed when arm is raised, causing the tendons to be pinched or
impinged.
•
Rotator Cuff Tendonitis- tendons become irritated or rubbed from
repetitive lifting or overhead use.
•
Bursitis- bursa becomes inflamed, which
causes it to swell and fill with more fluid
(usually accompanies rotator cuff
tendonitis)
SYMPTOMS
• Sudden pain and stiffness when arm is lifted
• May also have pain when arm is lowered from elevated
position
• Radiating pain from front of shoulder to side of arm
• Pain at night
• Loss of strength & motion
• Difficulty with motions behind the back such as buttoning
or zipping.
TREATMENT: CONSIDERING PATIENT AGE,
ACTIVITY LEVEL, & GENERAL HEALTH
Before resorting to surgery, a physician may prescribe:
• Rest
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication
• Physical therapy
• Cortisone injection
If none of these are effective, the patient
and orthopedist may decide on arthroscopy.
(Pictured to the right)
EXERCISES
Dumbbell front raises
Back squats
Dumbbell lateral raises
Tricep extensions
EXERCISES (CONT’D)
Most importantly…..
The Donkey Calf Raises
And pictured to the right is Arnie
repping out some donkey calf
raises with a pal.