PHACO ERSATZ HOW AND WHY DID IT START ? WHERE DO WE GO? FRANK JOSEPH GOES frank@goes.be Antwerp-Belgium. ESCRS 2011 PHACO ERSATZ WHAT DOES IT MEAN????? REPLACING THE NATURAL LENS OF A 60 YEARS OLD BY AN ARTIFICIAL LENS PERFORMING LIKE A 2O YEARS OLD ESCRS 2011 WHY SHOULD WE REPLACE THE NATURAL LENS ? ACCOMODATION AGE ESCRS 2011 WHAT IS ACCOMODATION ??? Described by HELMHOLTZ1853. Accommodation is the process by which the eye changes its refractive power to bring objects of regard at different distances into focus. During accomodation contraction of the ciliary muscle releases the at rest zonular tension around the lens equator and the lens increases in axial thickness and in anterior and posterior diameter. ESCRS 2011 The principle of accommodation was discovered in the 17th century by Scheiner. The theories for presbyopia are generally addressing the age changes in the lens, the lens capsule and/or within the lens support structures. Recent studies have shown that the stiffness of the lens substance increases with age by a factor 1000 to 10000 over a lifetime. ESCRS 2011 . Loss of accommodative amplitude with age. Predicted by lens stiffness changes alone, compared to measured objective accommodative amplitude ESCRS 2011 WITH AGE THE LENS CHANGES the central thickness of the (disaccommodated) lens increases. the equatorial diameter of the (disaccommodated)lens does not change the surface curvatures of the (disaccommodated) lens increase the lens matrix loses its elasticity the mechanical properties of the capsular bag change the thickness of the lens capsule changes. The thickness of the anterior capsule increases the thickness of the posterior pole shows no change with age and the posterior peripheral thickness decreases the elasticity of the zonular fibers does not change there is no change in the number of zonular fibers the insertion points of the anterior zonular fibers stay fixed in relation to the lens center, but shift in reference to the lens equator HENK WEEBER ESCRS 2011 IMPORTANCE !!!! Prevalance Rate for Presbyopia: Approx 1 in 11 = 9.00% or 24.5 M. people in USA Read more at http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/p/presbyopia/stats-country.htm?ktrack=kcplink /Region Extrapolated Prevalence Population Estimated Used Presbyopia in North America (Extrapolated Statistics) USA 26,428,986 293,655,4051 Canada 2,925,708 WARNING! (Details) 32,507,8742 Mexico 9,446,363 WARNING! (Details) 104,959,5942 Presbyopia in Central America (Extrapolated Statistics) Belize 24,565 WARNING! (Details) 272,9452 Guatemala 1,285,253 WARNING! (Details) 14,280,5962 Nicaragua 482,378 WARNING! (Details) 5,359,7592 Presbyopia in Caribbean (Extrapolated Statistics) Puerto Rico 350,816 WARNING! (Details) 3,897,9602 Presbyopia in South America (Extrapolated Statistics) Brazil 16,569,099 WARNING! (Details) 184,101,1092 Chile 1,424,156 WARNING! (Details) 15,823,9572 Colombia 3,807,969 WARNING! (Details) 42,310,7752 Paraguay 557,223 WARNING! (Details) 6,191,3682 Peru 2,478,987 WARNING! (Details) 27,544,3052 Venezuela 2,251,564 WARNING! (Details) 25,017,3872 Presbyopia in Northern Europe (Extrapolated Statistics) Denmark 487,205 WARNING! (Details) 5,413,3922 Finland 469,306 WARNING! (Details) 5,214,5122 Iceland 26,456 WARNING! (Details) 293,9662 Sweden 808,776 WARNING! (Details) 8,986,4002 Presbyopia in Western Europe (Extrapolated Statistics) Britain (United Kingdom) 5,424,363 WARNING! (Details) 60,270,708 for UK2 Belgium 931,344 WARNING! (Details) 10,348,2762 France 5,438,179 WARNING! (Details) 60,424,2132 Ireland 357,260 WARNING! (Details) 3,969,5582 Luxembourg 41,642 WARNING! (Details) 462,6902 Monaco 2,904 WARNING! (Details) 32,2702 Netherlands (Holland) 1,468,637 WARNING! (Details) 16,318,1992 United Kingdom 5,424,363 WARNING! (Details) 60,270,7082 Wales 262,620 WARNING! (Details) 2,918,0002 Presbyopia in Central Europe (Extrapolated Statistics) Aust 735,728 WARNING! (Details) 8,174,7622 Czech Republic 112,156 WARNING! (Details) 1,0246,1782 Germany 7,418,214 WARNING! (Details) 82,424,6092 Hungary 902,913 WARNING! (Details) 10,032,3752 Liechtenstein 3,009 WARNING! (Details) 33,4362 Poland 3,476,371 WARNING! (Details) 38,626,3492 Slovakia 488,121 WARNING! (Details) 5,423,5672 Slovenia 181,032 WARNING! (Details) 2,011,473 2 Switzerland 670,578 WARNING! (Details) 7,450,8672 Presbyopia in Eastern Europe (Extrapolated Statistics) Belarus 927,946 WARNING! (Details) 10,310,5202 Estonia 120,749 WARNING! (Details) 1,341,6642 Latvia 207,567 WARNING! (Details) 2,306,3062 Lithuania 324,710 WARNING! (Details) 3,607,8992 Russia 12,957,665 WARNING! (Details) 143,974,0592 Ukraine 4,295,887 WARNING! (Details) 47,732,0792 Presbyopia in the Southwestern Europe (Extrapolated Statistics) Azerbaijan 708,154 WARNING! (Details) 7,868,3852 Georgia 422,450 WARNING! (Details) 4,693,8922 Portugal 947,173 WARNING! (Details) 10,524,1452 Spain 3,625,270 WARNING! (Details) 40,280,7802 Presbyopia in Southern Europe (Extrapolated Statistics) Greece 958,277 WARNING! (Details) 10,647,5292 Italy 5,225,172 WARNING! (Details) 58,057,4772 Presbyopia in the Southeastern Europe (Extrapolated Statistics) Albania 319,032 WARNING! (Details) 3,544,8082 Bosnia and Herzegovina 36,684 WARNING! (Details) 407,6082 Bulgaria 676,617 WARNING! (Details) 7,517,9732 Croatia 404,718 WARNING! (Details) 4,496,8692 Macedonia 183,607 WARNING! (Details) 2,040,0852 Romania 2,011,999 WARNING! (Details) 22,355,5512 Serbia and Montenegro 974,331 WARNING! (Details) 10,825,9002 Presbyopia in Northern Asia (Extrapolated Statistics) Mongolia 247,618 WARNING! (Details) 2,751,3142 Presbyopia in Central Asia (Extrapolated Statistics) Kazakhstan 1,362,933 WARNING! (Details) 15,143,7042 Tajikistan 631,040 WARNING! (Details) 7,011,556 2 Uzbekistan 2,376,937 WARNING! (Details) 26,410,416 Presbyopia in Eastern Asia (Extrapolated Statistics) China 116,896,286 WARNING! (Details) 1,298,847,6242 Hong Kong s.a.r. 616,961 WARNING! (Details) 6,855,1252 Japan 11,459,970 WARNING! (Detai 127,333,0022 Macau s.a.r. 40,075 WARNING! (Details) 445,2862 North Korea 2,042,779 WARNING! (Details) 22,697,5532 South Korea 4,341,038 WARNING! (Details) 48,233,7602 Taiwan 2,047,485 WARNING! (Details) 22,749,8382 Presbyopia in Southwestern Asia (Extrapolated Statistics) Turkey 6,200,452 WARNING! (Details) 68,893,9182 Presbyopia in Southern Asia (Extrapolated Statistics) Afghanistan 2,566,230 WARNING! (Details) 28,513,6772 Bangladesh 12,720,642 WARNING! (Details) 141,340,4762 Bhutan 196,701 WARNING! (Details) 2,185,5692 India 95,856,354 WARNING! (Details) 1,065,070,6072 Pakistan 14,327,670 WARNING! (Details) 159,196,3362 Sri Lanka 1,791,464 WARNING! (Details) 19,905,1652 Presbyopia in Southeastern Asia (Extrapolated Statistics) East Timor 91,732 WARNING! (Details) 1,019,2522 Indonesia 21,460,765 WARNING! (Details) 238,452,9522 Laos 546,130 WARNING! (Details) 6,068,1172 Malaysia 2,117,023 WARNING! (Details) 23,522,4822 Philippines 7,761,752 WARNING! (Details) 86,241,6972 Singapore 391,850 WARNING! (Details) 4,353,8932 Thailand 5,837,897 WARNING! (Details) 64,865,5232 Vietnam 7,439,652 WARNING! (Details) 82,662,8002 Presbyopia in the Middle East (Extrapolated Statistics) Gaza strip 119,249 WARNING! (Details) 1,324,9912 Iran 6,075,288 WARNING! (Details) 67,503,2052 Iraq 2,283,722 WARNING! (Details) 25,374,691 Israel 557,910 WARNING! (Details) 6,199,0082 Jordan 505,008 WARNING! (Details) 5,611,2022 Kuwait 203,179 WARNING! (Details) 2,257,5492 Lebanon 339,949 WARNING! (Details) 3,777,2182 Saudi Arabia 2,321,634 WARNING! (Details) 25,795,9382 Syria 1,621,518 WARNING! (Details) 18,016,8742 United Arab Emirates 227,152 WARNING! (Details) 2,523,9152 West Bank 208,008 WARNING! (Details 2,311,2042 Yemen 1,802,238 WARNING! (Details) 20,024,8672 Presbyopia in Northern Africa (Extrapolated Statistics) Egypt 6,850,567 WARNING! (Details) 76,117,4212 Libya 506,842 WARNING! (Detai 5,631,5852 Sudan 3,523,334 WARNING! (Details) 39,148,1622 Presbyopia in Western Africa (Extrapolated Statistics) Congo Brazzaville 269,823 WARNING! (Details) 2,998,0402 Ghana 1,868,132 WARNING! (Details) 20,757,0322 Liberia 305,157 WARNING! (Details) 3,390,6352 Niger 1,022,448 WARNING! (Details) 11,360,5382 Nigeria 1,597,532 WARNING! (Details) 12,5750,3562 Senegal 976,693 WARNING! (Details) 10,852,1472 Sierra leone 529,550 WARNING! (Details) 5,883,8892 Presbyopia in Central Africa (Extrapolated Statistics) Central African Republic 336,823 WARNING! (Details) 3,742,4822 Chad 858,468 WARNING! (Details) 9,538,5442 Congo kinshasa 5,248,532 WARNING! (Details) 58,317,0302 Rwanda 741,480 WARNING! (Details) 8,238,6732 Presbyopia in Eastern Africa (Extrapolated Statistics) Ethiopia 6,420,291 WARNING! (Details) 71,336,5712 Kenya 2,968,389 WARNING! (Details) 32,982,1092 Somalia 747,414 WARNING! (Details) 8,304,6012 Tanzania 3,246,371 WARNING! (Details) 36,070,7992 Uganda 2,375,123 WARNING! (Details) 26,390,2582 Presbyopia in Southern Africa (Extrapolated Statistics) Angola 988,069 WARNING! (Details) 10,978,5522 Botswana 147,530 WARNING! (Details) 1,639,2312 South Africa 4,000,362 WARNING! (Details) 44,448,4702 Swaziland 105,231 WARNING! (Details) 1,169,2412 Zambia 992,312 WARNING! (Details) 11,025,6902 Zimbabwe 330,467 WARNING! (Details) 1,2671,8602 Presbyopia in Oceania (Extrapolated Statistics) Australia 1,792,182 WARNING! (Details) 19,913,1442 New Zealand 359,443 WARNING! (Details) 3,993,8172 Papua New Guinea 487,825 WARNING! (Details) 5,420,2802 About extrapolations of prevalence and incidence statistics Read more at http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/p/presbyopia/stats-country.htm?ktrack=kcplink ESCRS 2011 CONCEPTS OF RESTORING ACCOMODATION MONOVISON:not physiological LASER TREATMENT OF THE CORNEA?monovion multifocality -the problem is not there SCERAL EXPANSION PROCEDURES :doubtful results ACCOMODATIVE LENSES -DEFORMABLE ACCOMODATING IOLS Mechanical concepts based on axial shift principle have very limited accomodative effect REFILLING THE EMPTY LENS CAPSULE:WITH SOFTER MATERIAL experimantal stage !!!! See later ESCRS 2011 HOW TO MAKE A BETTER LENS ? A more basic treatment should be derived from treating the root cause of presbyopia: to make the lens substance softer A newer technique - currently proposed consists of mechanically softening the lens substance using femto-second laser pulses Or one can insert an ersatz lens available now ESCRS 2011 FUTURE EUROTIMES DOUGH KOCH IN REFRACTIVE AND CATARACT SURGERY PRESBYOPIA CORRECTION WILL BECOME THE NORM THE HOLY GRAIL OF ACCOMODATIVE LENSES IS BECOMING CLOSER BUT HOW CLOSE? ESCRS 2011 LET US CONCENTRATE ON THE PHACO ERSATZ HOW TO BRING A NEW ARTIFICAL BETTER FUNCTIONING LENS IN AN OLDER EYE ESCRS 2011 THE EYE IN HISTORY IMPORTANT DISCOVERIES HOW FAR ARE WE NOW? HOW SLOW DID IT GO UNTILL NOW ! WHAT WILL THE FUTURE BRING? ESCRS 2011 At C DISCOVERY OF LIGHT At that time the popular belief was the emanation hypothesis of vision,advanced by IBN al-Haitham (965Pythagoras (c. 600 B.C.) and accepted by 1040 such classical writers as Euclid, Hipparchos and Ptolemy and after them by Galen. In this hypothesis the visual spirit originating in the brain emanated from the lens (the essential organ of vision) forming a cone of linear ESCRS 2011 wave–particle duality, described by Albert Einstein in the early DISCOVERY OF SPECTACLES Venice Murano 1270 and 1280. Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press 1450 ESCRS 2011 DISCOVERY OF ANATOMY AND FUNCTION OF THE EYE Georg Bartisch(1535-1606) surgeon and oculist of Dresden published the first systematic work on ocular disease ESCRS 2011 JACQUES DAVIEL FRANCE 1745 FIRST REAL CATARACT SURGERY ECCE ESCRS 2011 HAROLD RIDLEY THE FIRST IOL 1949 Sir Harold Ridley and his wifemedal received at the knighthood ceremony ESCRS 2011 CHARLIE KELMAN receiving presedential award from G.Bush Sr. Modern Era of cataract surgery 1967 ESCRS 2011 1987 JEAN MARIE PAREL PHACO ERSATZ The Ophthalmic Biophysics Center created in 1970 - Bascom Palmerdirector Dr. Edward Norton and Dr. Parel WHAT HAPPENED SINCE THEN ???? PERSONAL EXPERIENCE TRUE VISTA STORZ 3 ZONE DESIGN 1992 3M APODIZED PRINCIPLE 1992 ESCRS 2011 FDA PANEL RECOMMENDS APPROVAL OF 3M MULTIFOCAL INTRAOCULAR LENS ST. PAUL, Minn., Jan. 23 /PRNewswire/ -- The Food and Drug Administration's Ophthalmic Advisory Panel today recommended approval with conditions, of the 3M (NYSE: MMM) brand Multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) for sale in the United States. The conditions are related mainly to labeling. The FDA relies on the clinical expertise of the advisory panels to guide its decisions. Generally, approval to market follows advisory panel recommendation. "The advisory panel's recommendation represents an important step forward in making this advanced lens available to ophthalmologists for treatment of cataract patients in the United States," said Robert B. Bomar, manager, 3M Vision Care. "The lens will be commercially available only after final approval by the FDA," Bomar added. Since 1987, the lens has been implanted in approximately 30,000 cataract patients worldwide. Of those, over 700 were involved in the U.S. study, which is currently under review by the FDA. An individual who undergoes cataract surgery and receives a conventional monofocal lens implant typically needs to wear eyeglasses, usually bifocals, following surgery to achieve acceptable near and far vision. The majority of patients implanted with bilateral 3M Multifocal IOLs, however, do not need to wear bifocals; and about half of these patients function entirely without the aid of eyeglasses. The lens has been available for sale to ophthalmologists in most countries for over two years. In March 1991, the 3M Multifocal intraocular lens was the first multifocal lens to receive commercial marketing approval from Japan's Ministry of Health and Welfare. -0- 01/23/92 ESCRS 2011 DID IT WORK ?DID IT LAST? YES IT WORKED !! BUT NO SMALL INCISION POSSIBLE SINCE NO Foldable IOL 6 -6.5 mm. PMMA MATERIAL NEEDED SUTURING CREATED ASTIGMATISM SO IT WAS NOT THE FINAL SOLUTION ESCRS 2011 WHERE DO WE GO? PREDICTION IS VERY DIFFICULT SPECIFICALLY ABOUT THE FUTURE ESCRS 2011 Newer succesfull models ALCON RESTOR/old 3M apodized principle 2001 ABBOTT AMO TECNIS:Ring principle 2003 Later on adapations; add on near zone material changes etc.etc.etc.etc. ESCRS 2011 Tecnis One Piece ZMBOO Full diffractive posterior surface Wavefront-designed aspheric anterior surface Newest generation Acrylic material Near addition +4D=3.1 pupil plane One piece iol :+5.0 D to +34.0 D in 0.5 D increments Ease of insertion Performance is Pupil Independent ESCRS 2011 New trends EUROTIMES MAY 2011 TOO MANY TO BE GOOD Dual optic Synchrony -iol more effect for less movement-2.5 D pro 1 mm. Opti-K new form of laser thermal keratoplasty LTK.Adv.it can be repeated why?because regression Palliklaris group:WIOL-CF accomodative iol2D of pseudo-accomodation. ?? ESCRS 2011 INJECTABLE ACCOMODATIVE LENSES-AN INJECTED GEL LENS IS NOT A NEW CONCEPT !!!! MATERIAL USED_SILICONE-polyethelene- poloxamer-monomer mixture-silicone polymer gel 1975-1986-1992-1998-2003 First publ:1964 Kessler J.Arch.ophtahl. 71,412-417 Experiments in refilling the lens. ESCRS 2011 SOME MAJOR PROBLEMS REMAIN CREATING A MINICAPSULORHEXIS<2MM: we need innovative instruments and extensive surgical training PHACO THROUGH A 1 MM HOLE :innovative approach SEALING THE MICROCAPSULORHEXIS : prevent leakage ESCRS 2011 to SOME MAJOR PROBLEMS REMAIN POLYMER BIOCOMPATIBILITY: many materials used for iols have passed years of biocompatibility testing. LENS CAPSULAR VOLUME VARIABILITY:varies among patients-the optimum volume should be controlled for each different eye. POLYMER REFRACTION:desired refraction will be different for each patient-controlling the amount of gel is a challenge. PREVENTING PCO: challenge yag has to be avoided because will create leakage of the injected gel ESCRS 2011 FACTS PCO PREVENTION WILL REMAIN THE PROBLEM NR 1 New materials Guthoff Rostock:pure water-methotrexate mtx antimetabolite-Actinomycin AM = antibioticun-DaunomycinDisulfiram. Untill now tested: -Cytostatic drugs:5Fluouracil-Colchicine-DoxoribinMitomycin C-Methotrexate-Doxorubicin Anti-inflammatory: Diclofenac-dexamethasone Immunological agents:cyclopsorine A Further Investigations involving non-primates are needed Cave:Endothelial cells ESCRS 2011 A PARADIGM SHIFT NEEDED? INVENTION OF Train 1803 Bicycle 1839 !!! ESCRS 2011 MULTIFOCAL IOLS WILL BE HERE FOR ANOTHER 10 -15 YEARS BUT THEY WILL IMPROVE ! ESCRS 2011 WILL EVENTUALLY THE DREAM OF PHACO ERSATZ COME REALITY ? PROBABLY YES BUT WE NEED MORE TIME ESCRS 2011 ESCRS 2011