IICS
August
2010
Title
abcd Basic Disaster Awareness
GOALS
•
Increase your knowledge of what to do in
a disaster.
•
Increase your knowledge of what you
can do to reduce your risk in a disaster.
•
Increase your knowledge of what to do
after a disaster.
DISASTER EXPERIENCES
Definition:
• Physical, economic or social loss.
• Daily life is hindered or stops completely.
• People are affected.
Types:
• Natural, physical or human initiated.
System meltdown!
Latest Earthquakes
• http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/depremmuh/default.htm
Latest EQ
• http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/depremmuh/default.htm
MARMARA EARTHQUAKE 1999
1999 Marmara Earhquake.
1900-2004
Earthquakes in Turkey
EARTHQUAKES ARE NATURAL
PHENOMENA
EARTHQUAKES ARE NATURAL PHENOMENA THAT HAPPEN ALL OVER
THE WORLD
MAGNITUDE
TYPE
PER YEAR
EFFECT
0-2.9
SMALL
3,165,000
Recordable but cannot
be felt
3.0-3.9
VERY MILD
49,000
Few people feel them
4.0-4.9
MILD
6,200
More people feel them
5.0-5.9
MODERATE
800
Potentially damaging
6.0-6.9
STRONG
120
Damaging
7.0-7.9
MAJOR
18
Potentially destructive
8.0-8.9
GREAT
EVERY 10-20
YEARS
Potentially devastating
United States Geological Survey (USGS)
EARTHQUAKE MYTHS
HERESAY
Earthquakes
only happen at
night.
They know when the
the eatrthquake is they just aren’t telling.
Head for a doorway
Lie down by a
refrigerator.
FACTS
No. In fact, earthquakes happen at all times of the
day and night and in all season. So we need to be
protected in all places we live work and spend our
time, and at all times of the year.
No. ‘They’ really don’t know. Earthquake science is
new. The best “predictions” that we have is that there
is a 70% likehood of a major earthquake along the
Northern Anatolian fault line, in the Marmara Sea
within the next 30 years.
No. Old news. This was came from one old picture of a
California adobe house where the only thing left was
the doorways. Doorways with strong wooden or steel
beams that are part of load bearing walls may be safe.
Doorways in cosmetic walls and unreinforced concrete
buildings may not be safe.
No. This came from examples of buildings being
pulled down and the strong white appliances had
small empty spaces by them where people might have
survived.
TECTONIC PLATE THEORY
• The earth’s crust is
made up of tectonic
plates that move very
slowly and rub
against one another.
• As the earth moves
friction prevents
movement, but
eventually enough
energy is build up
that it overcomes the
friction and the
energy is released in
waves along the
faultline.
EARTHQUAKE HAZARD vs RISK
The good news
is whilst we can
do nothing
about the
hazards, there
is a lot we can
do about the
risks.
Earthquake
risks can be
mitigated by
human action.
Earthquake hazard: Natural. We
have no control over these.
Earthquake risk: Our particular risk
is not simply a matter of which
seismic region you live in. It
depends on two factors
a. The value exposed to the threat
b. The measures we take to
mitigate the risks or to reduce
our vulnerabilities
Being prepared reduces our risk.
EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
1. Strength of shaking
2. Duration of shaking
3. Distance from the epicenter
4. Type of soil
5. Depth of earthquake origin
EARTHQUAKE RISK FACTORS
1. Building design, materials, constructions and
use
2. Lifeline vulnerability: transportation, electric,
water and gas lines
3. Non-structural hazard mitigation
4. Fire prevention and firefighting capability
5. First responder capacity
INTENSITY vs MAGNITUDE
Intensity varies with distance
from the epicentre
Not necessarily in concentric
circles due to soil types.
EARLY WARNING AND RAPID
RESPONSE SYSTEMS
Early warning systems
depend on the different speeds of radio versus
seismic waves. In the Marmara region because of
proximity of the fault there might be just enough time
to create systems that automatically shut off gas,
nuclear power, electric trains, and overpass and
bridge entrances.
Rapid response systems
hold promise for getting help where it is needed
quickly by predicting where the worst damage will be
within a few minutes after on event based on over
120 strong motion measurement instuments around
Istanbul, These can be used to organise fire fighting,
first aid, search and rescue and relief.
DISASTER PREPARENESS IS
MADE UP OF SMALL STEPS
Keep a flashlight, work
gloves and shoes by your
bed
Store water
Arrange for an out
of area contact
person
Move your bed away
from the window.
Secure wardrobe,
pictures etc. to walls
Have a family
meeting to
discuss plans
BUILDING DAMAGE
•
Structural hazards are
the hazards from
building designs .
•
In the 1999 Kocaeli
earthquake 52,000 buildings
were damaged in the Bolu,
Kocaeli, Sakarya, İstanbul,
Yalova,and Eskişehir
provinces.
Of these buildings:
%70 mild and moderate damage,
%25 serious damage.
%3-5 destroyed.
HAZARD HUNT
Furniture.
Electrical and electronic
equipment
White goods
Heating and airconditioning
units.
Fixtures and fittings - hanging.
Ornaments.
OSMANİYE, 25 HAZİRAN 2001
(5.5M)
OSMANİYE, 25 HAZİRAN 2001
(5.5M)
OSMANİYE, 25 HAZİRAN 2001
(5.5M)
BİNGÖL,1 MAYIS 2003
(6.4 Mw)
Cüneyt TÜZÜN, BÜ KRDAE
YOUR HAZARD PLAN
IDENTIFY A LIST OF THINGS TO DO:
Move life threatening things e.g. move your
wardrobe away from your bed
Prevent economic loss e.g. move or secure
your TV
Ensure safety of valuables e.g move or secure
family heirlooms
EARTHQUAKE HAZARD PLAN
MAKE A PLAN
Things to be done
completion date
Fix wardrobe to wall
01.11.2005
Kitchen cabinets
05.11.2005
Üst mutfak dolabında çelik tencereler var ve kapakları
sarsıntıda açılabilir
15.10.2005
Banyoda şofben duvara sağlam sabitlenmemiş
01.10.2005
Televizyon sabit değil
13.10.2005
Salondaki yüksek vitrin sabit değil
01.11.2005
Koridordaki ayna çiviyle tutturulmamış
-
Dış kapının karşısındaki portmanto sabitlenmemiş
-
MOVE THINGS!
Move things that can fall or block exits.
Move heavy things from top to bottom shelves.
WHAT NEEDS SECURING
•
•
•
Heavy furniture - secure
it if it is taller than it is
wide
•
Crockery and cupboard
items.
•
Flamable liquids - limit,
isolate and secure.
•
Books .
White goods, electrical
goods
Hanging objects and all
things above your head.
SECURE YOUR BEDROOM
WHAT CAN HAPPEN IN AN
EARTHQUAKE
Heavy objects can move in many directions.
• Tip.
• Slide.
• Block exits.
FURNITURE and
PROFILES
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT AND BELTS
WHITE GOODS AND BELTS
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT AND PLASTIC
CLIPS
SECURING ELECTRONIC AND
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT USING
VELCRO
PLASTIC CLIPS FOR LIGHT
FITTINGS
RUBBER MATS TO PREVENT SLIPPING
HOOKS TO SECURE HANGING
OBJECTS
CATCHES TO SECURE
CUPBOARDS
SECURING VALUABLES
SECURING ITEMS ON SHELVES
SECURE GAS APPLIANCES
•Secure your stove, water heater, furnace, clothes drier etc. The
appliance should be fixed at the top and bottom to prevent tipping,
rolling and sliding.
SECURING ITEMS TO UNITS AND
TABLES
LIBRARIES
WINDOW AND MIRROR GLASS
KEEP YOUR EXIT ROUTES
CLEAR
• Ensure that exits cannot be blocked by furniture
• Make sure exit doors open outwards
• Have alternative routes
• Make sure exits are clearly labeled
• Keep a crow bar/ heavy iron pry bar inside
the building particularly if there are iron bars
on your window.
FAMILY HAZARD PLAN
• Have a family meeting
(home, work, school)
• Include everyone.
• Review every 6 months.
FAMILY HAZARD PLAN
• Determine a safe place.
• Identify unsafe places.
• Practice DROP COVER AND HOLD
FAMILY HAZARD PLAN
DETERMINE MEETING POINTS
• Identify a meeting point inside
your home, outside your home
and outside your neighbourhood.
• Children should remain in school
until they can be collected
• Arrange a point to leave
messages
FAMILY HAZARD PLAN
DO NOT USE THE TELEPHONE UNLESS
YOU HAVE A PHYSICAL EMERGENCY
• Local area networks will become
overloaded. Phones will get
knocked off the hook. Replace them.
FAMILY HAZARD PLAN
DETERMINE AN OUT OF AREA
CONTACT PERSON
•
Choose a person out of area to be your out of
area contact person.
•
Give them a list of the people that will want to
know about your safety.
•
Give your friends and relatives your out of area
contact persons number.
•
Therefore you will only have to make one call.
FAMILY HAZARD PLAN
PREPARE COPIES OF IMPORTANT
DOCUMENTS
• Prepare copies of your important
documents
• These include your passport, your ikamet,
professional certificates, bank books, deeds
for property, prescriptions for medication
etc.
• Keep a copy in work and send a copy to
your out of area contact (scan and email to
self).
FAMILY HAZARD PLAN
Keep shoes, work
gloves and a flashlight
next to your bed.
FAMILY HAZARD PLAN
DO NOT LIGHT ANY FLAME AFTER
AN EARTHQUAKE
• There is a danger of gas leaks.
• No smoking.
LEARN TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER
• Every house should have a fire extinguisher
and they should be serviced every year.
FAMILY HAZARD PLAN
ZEHYRLYOKSYTLEYYCY
AªINDIRICI ZEHYRLYZEHYRLYOKS
CORRROSIVE AND FLAMABLE LIQUIDS
• LIMIT
• ISOLATE
• SECURE
SIVI
PATLAYICI
MADDE
FAMILY HAZARD PLAN
LEARN TO TURN OFF YOUR
UTILITIES!
Find out how to turn off your
• Gas
• Electricity
• Water
Unplug appliances to avoid them
getting damaged when the electricity
is reconnected
FAMILY HAZARD PLAN
STORE WATER AND FOOD
•
At least 4 litres a day per person. At
least 3 days store
•
Fill bathtubs and sinks immediately after
an earthquake.
•
Store high calorie food
•
Renew supplies every 6 months.
FAMILY HAZARD PLAN
FIRST AID KIT
Your first aid kit should
include every day needs,
repeat prescriptions etc.
Plan to use these items for
every day needs as well so
that they keep fresh.
FAMILY HAZARD PLAN
PREPARE A PERSONAL
EARTHQUAKE KIT
Check and refresh every
6 months!
DURING AN EARTHQUAKE
DROP, COVER, HOLD!
•
Find a safe place and DROP
•
COVER your head and neck
•
HOLD onto something secure
•
Stay where you are until the shaking stops.
BREATH DEEPLY AND
KEEP CALM!
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
• They should be easily accessible
• Everyone should know where
they are.
• They should be tightly secured to
the wall.
• They need to be checked every
year.
• They should be refilled once
used.
HOW TO USE A FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
PULL
AIM
SPRAY
SWEEP
WHAT YOU SHOULD NOT DO
DURING AN EARTHQUAKE
• Do not run to the stairs or the
exit doors.
• Do not go out on the balcony.
• Do not jump from balconies
or windows.
• Do not use the elevator.
WHAT YOU SHOULD NOT DO
AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
• Do not panic, scream or run.
• Do not use a phone except to report a
physical emergency.
• Do not light a match, lighter, candle or fire.
• There will always be aftershocks. They
will get less each time. Aftershocks can
cause further damage.
WHAT YOU SHOULD DO AFTER
AN EARTHQUAKE
Stay calm. Do not panic
.
INSIDE
•
Check for injuries:
can you help others?
•
Do you smell gas?
Open doors and windows
exit immediately
•
Check phone is not off the hook
•
Check for hazardous spills
WHAT YOU SHOULD DO
AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
OUTSIDE
•
Stay away from live wires.
•
Stay away from unsafe buildings.
•
Help those who need it.
WHAT TO DO AFTER AN
EARTHQUAKE
SCHOOL EVACUATION
After a severe
earthquake, children
in the affected area
should not be sent
anywhere on
service buses until it
has been
determined that both
the route and the
destination is safe.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT
To help the best things that you can do;
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Recognise your own feelings
Talk to others about your feelings
Accept help from others in the spirit in whch it is
offered.
Get enough rest
Get physical activity
Give someone a hug, physical touching helps
Learn to really listen and show that you are listening
Accept the feelings of other without trying to change
them
Spend extra time with your child
Be tolerant of others
NEXT STEPS
THE FIRST 72 HOURS
During the first 72 hours after a disaster, most help comes from those immediately
around us. There is no government anywhere in the world that has the resources to
meet all the needs after a disaster. In order to be ready there are many skills that we
can learn.
First Aid
Light Search and Rescue
Fire Suppression
Response organisation
There are many ways that we can help, even without extra skills:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Find supplies and transportation
Collect and prepare food and water
Set up shelters and temporary toilets,
Supervise elderly and children
Secure the perimeter of unsafe areas
Offer psychological support to those in need