Volcanoes
Key Terms
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Magma
Volcanism
Lava
Volcano
Hot spot
Mafic
Felsic
Pyroclastic material
Caldera
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Volcanoes and Earth’s Spheres
• Provide a picture and written description of
how volcanoes can affect each of Earth’s
spheres.
• ONE picture and ONE description for each
sphere.
Major Volcanic Zones
Ring of Fire
Major Volcanic Zones
• Subduction Zones
• Mid-Ocean Ridges
• Hot Spots
Subduction Zones
Volcanoes
Mid-Ocean Ridge
Volcanoes
Hot Spots
Volcanoes
Key Questions
• Describe THREE conditions that affect
whether magma forms.
• Explain how magma reaches Earth’s surface.
• Summarize the formation of hot spots.
The Hawaiian-Emperor Seamont
Chain
• The following map shows the locations and
ages of islands and seamounts in the
Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, which is
located in the Pacific Ocean. Use the map to
answer the questions that follow.
The Hawaiian-Emperor Seamont
Chain
The Hawaiian-Emperor Seamont
Chain
The Hawaiian-Emperor Seamount
Chain
• Which volcano is the oldest?
• A seamount is a submarine volcanic mountain. Would you expect
older volcanoes to be seamounts or islands? Explain your answer.
• Which island signifies a change in direction of the movement of
the Pacific Plate?
• In which direction has the Pacific Plate been moving since the
formation of the Islands in the seamount chain changed direction?
• How many years ago did the Pacific Plate change its direction?
• The Pacific Plate has moved 3220 km since the seamount changed
directions. What is the average speed of the Pacific Plate over that
time?
Volcanic Hazards
• List and Describe possible hazards associated
with volcanic eruptions to nearby populations.
• On day 1, a volcano expelled 5 metric tons of
sulfur dioxide. On day 2, the same volcano
expelled 12 metric tons of sulfur dioxide. What
is the percentage increase in sulfur dioxide
expelled from day 1 to day 2?
• What are the effects of increased levels of sulfur
dioxide in the atmosphere?