How do geological processes and
climate change affect evolution?
It is by the ff.
- Tectonic plates movements
• Volcanic Eruption
• Earthquake
• Climate Change
Geologic Processes Affects Natural
Selection
• The tectonic plates have drifted slowly on the planets mantle.
Effects
• The location of continents and oceanic basins
have greatly influenced the earth’s climate
and thus helped to determined where animals
and plants can live.
• Species has allowed to move , adapt a new
environment and form new species to natural
selection.
Climate change and Catastrophes
affect natural selection
• Cooled
• Covered with ice
• Warm
• Melted ice and raised the sea level
How do speciation , extinction and
human activities affects biodiversity?
• It can decrease biodiversity by causing
premature extinction of species and by
destroying or degrading habitats needed
for the development of new species
How do new species evolve
• It is by NATURAL SELECTION and also called as
SPECIATION.
• SPECIATION- it is a process where a specie splits into 2
or more different kinds of species.
2 Kinds of Speciation
• 1. Geographic Isolation- a specie become
physically isolated from one another for a long
period of time.
• 2. Reproductive Isolation
• - mutation and change by natural selection
operate independently in the gene pools of
geographically isolated populations.
Extinction is forever
• Extinction- a process in which an entire specie
ceases to exist or a population of a specie
becomes extinct or gone over a large region
but not globally.
• Ex. Endemic specie- specie that found only in
one area.
2 kinds of extinction
• 1. Background extinction- species have
disappeared at a low rate (1 to 5 species
extinct)
• 2. Mass extinction.- species have disappeared
at a high rate (a large group of specie extinct)
What is species diversity and why is it
important?
• Species diversity is a major component of
biodiversity and tends to increase the
sustainability of some ecosystems.
• Species diversity includes the variety and
abundance of specie in a particular place.
• - species richness
• - species evenness
What roles do species play in an
ecosystem?
• Each species plays an ecological role called
NICHE.
Cockroaches
• It is the natures ultimate survivors lived
around 350 million years.
• They survived because they can eat anything
that they see.
• 3500 different kinds of cockroaches
• They also have 2000 lenses in their eyes
• And did you know that Asian cockroaches can
offspring a 10 million eggs in their entire life.
Niches can be occupied by native and
nonnative species.
• Native species
-species that are normally live and thrive in a
particular ecosystem.
• Nonnative species
-species that migrating or accidentally
introduced into an ecosystem
Indicator Species serve as biological
smoke alarms
• Birds are also excellent as biological indicators
because they are found almost everywhere
and they are affected quickly by
environmental changes.
Revisiting amphibians species
• Frogs- sensitive and vulnerable to
environmental disruption at various points in
their life cycle.
Keystone and foundation species play
important roles in their ecosystem.
• Keystone species- whose roles have a large
effect on the types and abundance of the
other specie in an ecosystem.
• Foundation Species- a major role in shaping
community by creating and enhancing their
habitats in ways that benefit other species.