Lesson
Exploring the History and
Importance of Wildlife
Management
Learning Objectives
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Explain the history of wildlife
conservation.
Describing the national policies that
impact wildlife conservation.
Identify historical people related to
wildlife conservation.
Describe the values of wildlife.
Define wildlife conservation and wildlife
management.
Explain the history of wildlife conservation
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In the 1600’s, when the pilgrims arrived,
wildlife was plentiful and was able to
meet the needs of the people.
Needs turned into wants, which led to
exploitation—the use of natural
resources for profit.
By the 1800’s, people began to see a
need for conservation of our natural
resources
What is the history of wildlife
conservation?
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Morrill Act of 1862
Established colleges to
teach agriculture.
 Made “land grant
universities” such as the
University of Illinois.
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What is the history of wildlife
conservation?
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Yellowstone National Park
 First national park in the world.
 Its purpose was to preserve the natural
resources of the area.
 1872
 Located in Idaho, Montana & Wyoming
 3,472 sq. miles
 2,221,773 sq. acres
What are the national policies that impact
wildlife conservation?
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National Park Service
Enacted in 1916.
 Federal agency responsible for the care of
the national parks.
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Lacey Act
Regulates the shipment of illegally killed
animals.
 Made it illegal to trade protected wildlife.
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What are the national policies that
impact wildlife conservation?
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Migratory Bird Conservation Act
First step in protecting migratory birds.
 1929
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Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act
Requires people planning on hunting
migratory birds to purchase special stamps.
 1937
 Has raised over $1 billion to date.
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What are the national policies that
impact wildlife conservation?
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Pittman-Robertson Act
Raises money in the form of taxes on
hunting equipment and ammunition
 1937
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What are the national policies that
impact wildlife conservation?
 Endangered Species Act
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Identifies and manages rare,
threatened and endangered species.
Threatened-population is in danger of
becoming endangered.
 Endangered-population is in danger of
becoming extinct.
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What are the national policies that impact
wildlife conservation?
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Wildlife Refuge System
 A system of wildlife
refuges across the United
States.
 A part of the US Fish and
Wildlife Service.
 1966
What are the national policies that impact wildlife
conservation?
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Forest Service
 Part of the USDA that manages
156 forests covering 191 million
acres of forests and grassland.
Historical People in Wildlife Conservation
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John James Audubon (1785–1851)
 Watched and studied birds.
 Published a book about his bird
studies.
 1905 the National Audubon Society
was formed.
Historical People in Wildlife Conservation
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John Muir (1838–1914)
 Partly responsible for the development
of Yellowstone and Sequoia National
Parks.
 Encouraged President Roosevelt to
establish these parks.
 Started the Sierra Club.
 California forest named after him.
Historical People in Wildlife Conservation
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Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919)
Known as the “Father of the
Conservation Movement”.
 Passed legislations to help protect
natural resource.
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Historical People in Wildlife Conservation
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Aldo Leopold (1886–1948)
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Applied ecology to wildlife.
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Ecology is the study of how organisms
interact with their environment.
Wrote a book called Game
Management that was used to help
further educate wildlife biologists.
Historical People in Wildlife Conservation
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Gifford Pinchot (1865–1946)
One of the first leaders of what is now
known as the U.S. Forest Service.
 Wrote a book called The Fight for
Conservation.
 His efforts focused on the conservation
of forests.
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Historical People in Wildlife Conservation
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Hugh Bennett (1881–1960
Father of soil conservation.
 First person to run the Soil Conservation
Service.
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Jay Darling (1872–1962)
Designed the first migratory bird stamp.
 Drew cartoons of wildlife and natural
resources.
 His cartoons made the public aware of the
need for wildlife conservation.
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The work of Jay Darling
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“Land, water and vegetation
are just that dependent on one
another. Without these three
primary elements in natural
balance, we can have neither
fish nor game, wild flowers nor
trees, labor nor capital, nor
sustaining habitat for humans”
 Jay “Ding” Darling
The work of Jay Darling
What are the values of wildlife
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Plants and animals that have not
been domesticated are called
wildlife.
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Domestication is being under control of
humans.
There are five basic values of wildlife
Five Basic Values of Wildlife
Aesthetic value—the enjoying of
wildlife’s beauty and pleasure
 Scientific value—studying and
research of wildlife for their use in
medications, integrated pest
management, etc…
 Ecological Value—the interaction of
wildlife in nature
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Five Basic Values of Wildlife
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Commercial—using wildlife to earn
money
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Game Value—the enjoyment value
gained through hunting and fishing
What are wildlife conservation and wildlife
management?
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Wildlife Conservation—the wise use of
natural resources in our environment.
Wildlife Conservation is divided in 4
parts.
 Education—learning how to conserve
wildlife and its resources.
 Research—using science to better
understand the needs and
requirements of wildlife and its habitat.
What are wildlife conservation and
wildlife management?
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Wildlife Conservation is divided in 4
parts (continued)
Law Enforcement—ensures that all
laws related to wildlife are followed.
 Wildlife Management—manipulation of
wildlife to achieve a positive goal.
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Lesson
Understanding the
National Park System
What are Some Examples of National
Parks and Historic Sites in the United
States?
Learning Objectives
Understand the history and purpose
of the National Park System.
 Understand how National Park
System units are designated.
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How was the National Park System
Established and What is its Purpose?
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In 1872, Congress established
Yellowstone National Park in the
territories of Montana and Wyoming
as a public park for the benefit and
enjoyment of the people and placed
it under exclusive control of the
Secretary of the Interior.
How was the National Park System
Established and What is its Purpose?
Yellowstone National Park was the
first public park and its founding
began a worldwide park movement.
 Currently more than 100 nations
contain some 1,200 national parks.
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National Park System Development
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On August 25th, 1916, President
Woodrow Wilson signed the Organic Act,
which formed the National Park Service.
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The National Park Service was created as a
new federal bureau in the Department of the
Interior and it was responsible for protecting
the 40 national parks and monuments in
existence at that time and those yet to be
established.
National Park System Development
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The Organic Act states that “the Service shall
promote and regulate the use of Federal areas
known as national parks, monuments, and
reservations...to conserve the scenery and the
natural and historic objects and the wild life
therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the
same in such a manner and by such means
as will leave them unimpaired for the
enjoyment of future generations.”
National Park System Development
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Today the National Park Service of the
United States is comprised of over 380
national parks, and other designated
monuments and areas, which cover
more than 83 million acres in 49 States,
the District of Columbia, American
Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, Saipan, and
the Virgin Islands. National Parks have
over 250 million visitors, annually.
National Park System Development
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National Parks in the United States
are created by acts of Congress.
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National Parks are “areas of national
significance distinguished by superlative
natural scenery, set aside for preservation
as nearly as possible in unimpaired
condition and dedicated to the use and
inspiration of the people.”
How are National Park System Units
Designated?
 The National Park Service consists
of more than 380 areas.
 The areas can be classified into
three categories: natural areas,
historical areas, and recreational
areas
Categories of National Park Service
Sites
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National Park: National parks are large
natural places that a have a wide variety of
attributes. Consumptive activities, such as
hunting or fishing are typically not allowed.
National Monument: The President can
proclaim landmarks, structures, and other
objects of historic or scientific interest on
land owned or controlled by the
government to be national monuments.
Fireworks Over National Monuments
in Washington D.C.
Categories of National Park Service
Sites
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National Preserve: National preserves
are areas that have characteristics
associated with national parks, but
Congress has permitted activities such
as hunting, trapping, and oil exploration.
Categories of National Park Service
Sites
 National Historic Site: A national
historical site is a site that contains a
single historical feature.
 National Historical Park: National
historic parks are historical areas
that extend beyond single properties
or buildings.
Categories of National Park Service
Sites
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National Memorial: A national memorial is
commemorative of a historical person or
episode.
Categories of National Park Service
Sites
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National Battlefield: Sites in this category
include national battlefield parks, national
battlefield sites, and national military parks.
National Cemetery: There are 14 national
cemeteries and all of them are associated
with another unit of the National Park
Service.
Arlington National Cemetery
Categories of National Park Service
Sites
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National Recreational Area: There are
currently 17 national recreational areas
within the National Park Service.
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Twelve of which are centered on large reservoirs
and emphasize water recreation.
Five of the national recreational areas are located
in major population areas and combine open
spaces with the preservation of significant historic
resources and natural areas to provide outdoor
recreation for large numbers of people.
Categories of National Park Service
Sites
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National Seashore: Ten national
seashores have been established on the
Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Coasts.
Categories of National Park Service
Sites
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National Lakeshore: National
lakeshores are similar to seashores and
are all on the Great Lakes
National River: This category contains
several variations such as: national river
and recreational area, national scenic
river, wild river, and etc.
Categories of National Park Service
Sites
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National Parkway: National parkways
are intended for scenic motoring along a
protected corridor and they often connect
cultural sites.
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A parkway refers to the roadway and the
parkland paralleling the roadway.
Categories of National Park Service
Sites
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National Trail: National scenic trails and
national historic trails are the titles give to
these linear parklands authorized under
the National Trails System Act of 1968.
Categories of National Park Service
Sites
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Affiliated Areas: includes a variety of
locations in the U.S. and Canada that
preserve significant properties outside
the National Park Service, not owned by
the federal government.
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Other Designations have unique titles or
combinations of titles such as the White
House and Prince William Forest Park.