Wildlife Management Mr. Goggins What is wildlife? • -Any animal, plant, that is not domesticated. • “The practical ecology of all vertebrates and their plant and animal associates” Wildlife Management • “Application of ecological knowledge to wildlife populations in a manner that strikes a balance between the needs of those population and the needs of people (Bolen and Robinson 2003) Wildlife Categories • • • • • Game Species Non-game species Endangered and threatened species Nuisance species Fish Wildlife Management • 3 basic approaches – Preservation – Direct manipulation – Indirect manipulation History of Wildlife Management • 1800’s- Hunting restrictions • 1933- Aldo Leopold published Game Management • 1937-Congress Passed Pittman-Roberson Act. • 1960’s- New public perspective & expectations Neglect and Exploitation • -Market Hunting Neglect and Exploitation • Passanger Pigeon – Most numerous bird on earth (1800’s) – Extinct in a little over 100 years (last died 1941) – Human Hunting • Labrador Duck – Extinct in 1875 – Loss of habitat Neglect and Exploitation • Caroline Parakeet – Extinct in 1914 – Human hunting and habitat loss • Great auk – Extinct in 1844 – Hunted/ trapped for meat, feathers & eggs • Hawaiian Rail – Extinct in 1940 – Went extinct do to loss of habitat Problems of Excess • Raindeer – 1944 – 24 cows 5 bulls – 1963 – 6000 on island – 1964 – 42 on island • Mule Deer • White-tailed Deer • Winter roosting birds of various species Success Stories • Wood ducks • Wild turkey (catch and release) • Bison – 1860 – 60 million in America – 1889 – 150 in America – 1894 – last free range bison killed Important people in Conservation Aldo Leopold • “Father of wildlife management” • 1st wildlife management professor • Founded wildlife society Theodore Roosevelt • The conservation minded president • Founded 1st wildlife refuge 1903 • Founded boon and crocket club Gifford Pinchot • Americas 1st forester • Helped create the national forest survive John Muir • “The father of our National parks” • Invented 1st alarm clock • Convinced congress to set aside land for the national parks • Founded Siear club John James Audubon • Naturalist and a painter • Most known for “birds of North America” J.N. “Ding” Darling • • • • A famous cartoonist Conservation & politics main passion 1st head of U.S. Fish & wildlife Started the “duck stamp”