--AN APPROACH FOR
SUSTAINABLE NATURAL
RESOURSE MANAGEMENT
We deal with
 The Author
 Concept of Agro ecosystem
 Difference between manipulated Agroecology and
Natural Ecology
 Sustainable Agriculture
 Biodiversification and Agroecology
 Sustainable Agroecosystems
 Agroecology and the Design of Sustainable
Agroecosystems
Professor in University of California
Agriculture ecology, rural development and integrated pest
management in development countries, agroforestry
systems, insect ecology and biological control and weed
science.
In dept. of entomology
A good writer and written many books on Sustainable
Agriculture and Agroecology
Honored with many Awards
Email-agroeco3@nature.berkeley.edu
Sustainable Agriculture: Yes, but can
it save the world?
Miguel A. Altieri
 Agroecology
is the science of sustainable
agriculture; the methods of agroecology have as
their goal achieving sustainability of agricultural
systems balanced in all spheres.
 Self-sufficient and sustaining agriculture
 Basic ecological principles for how to study, design
and manage
agroecosystems that are both
productive and natural resource conserving, and that
are also culturally sensitive, socially just and
economically viable
Concept of Agroecosystem
 Agriculture + ecosystem =Agroecosystem
 Human involvement for food, fibre and fodder
 Agroecological research is the idea that, by
understanding
ecological
relationships
and
processes, agroecosystems can be manipulated to
improve production and to produce more
sustainably, with fewer negative environmental or
social impacts and fewer external inputs
Difference between manipulated
Agroecology and Natural Ecology
Six ways difference :
 Maintenance at an early succession state
 Monoculture
 Crops generally planted in rows
 Simplification of biodiversity
 Plough which exposes soil to erosion
 Use of genetically modified organisms and artificially
selected crops
 Semi-domesticated ecosystems that fall on a
gradient between ecosystems that have experienced
minimal human impact, and those under maximum
human control.
 E.g.- Integrated pest management aims to control
problematic pests through introduction of other
species, not application of pesticides or herbicides to
kill that pest. Method of intercropping.
 Elimination of unsustainable practices such as
increasingly intensified pesticide use.
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
A whole-system approach to food, feed, and fiber
production that balances environmental soundness,
social equity, and economic viability among all sectors
of the public, including international and
intergenerational people.
Biodiversification
And Agroecology
 Objective of Agroecology is to provide balanced
environments, sustained yields, biologically mediated
soil fertility and natural pest regulation through the
design of diversified Agroecosystem and the use of
low-input technologies.
 By designing farming systems that mimic nature,
optimal use can be made of sunlight, soil nutrients
and rainfall.
 The optimal behavior of Agroecosystems depends on
the level of interactions between the various biotic and
abiotic components and keeping synergies among
them is the key word.
SUSTAINABLE AGROECOSYSTEMS
 Maintain their natural resource base.
 Rely on minimum artificial inputs from outside
the farm system.
 Manage pests and diseases through internal
regulating mechanisms
 Recover from the disturbances caused by
cultivation and harvest
Agroecology and the Design of
Sustainable Agroecosystems
 Combining the different components of the farm
system, i.e. plants, animals, soil, water, climate and
people, so that they complement each other and
have the greatest possible synergetic effects.
 Reducing the use of off-farm, external and nonrenewable inputs.
 Relying
mainly
on
resources
within
the
agroecosystems by replacing external inputs .
 Improving the match between cropping patterns and
the productive potential and environmental
constraints of climate and landscape.
 Agroecology provides the knowledge and methodology
necessary for developing an agriculture that is on the one
hand environmentally sound and on the other hand
highly productive, socially equitable and economically
viable.
 Agroecological design is to integrate components so that
overall biological efficiency is improved, biodiversity is
preserved, and the agroecosystems productivity and its
self-regulating capacity is maintained.
CONCLUSION
Agroecology is improved economic and
ecological sustainability of the agroecosystems,
with the proposed management systems
specifically in tune with the local resource base
and operational framework of existing
environmental and socioeconomic conditions.
REFERENCES
BOOKS
 Altieri Miguel A.1987, Agroecology: The Scientific Basis of
Alternative Agriculture, Westview Press, Boulder
 Altieri, M.A. 1995. Agroecology: the science of sustainable
agriculture. Westview Press, Boulder
 Altieri, M.A. 1992. Agroecological foundations of alternative
agriculture in California. Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment 39: 23-53.
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WEBSITES
www.cnr.berkeley.edu
www.agroeco.org
www.communityagroecology.net
www.perseusbooksgroup.com/westview
THANK YOU ALL
ANY QUESTION PLEASE !!!
RAKESH KUMAR PANDA(34)
RAMAKRUSHNA PANDA(35)