NAIROBI CONVENTION
Nairobi Convention
o
The Convention for the
Protection, Management and
Development of the Marine
and Coastal Environment of
the Western Indian Ocean
Doris Mutta
Regional Seas (Nairobi Conventions)
Division of Environmental Policy
Implementation (DEPI)
UNEP, UN Gigiri Complex
P.O. Box 30552
Nairobi, Kenya
doris.mutta@unep.org
http://www.unep.org/NairobiConvention/
http://www.unep.org/AbidjanConvention/
The Nairobi Convention Area
Coastal states (10) Somalia to
South Africa
• 5 Mainland coastal states
• 5 Island Developing States
• Coastline > 5,000 km:
mangroves, sea grass beds,
coral reefs, coastal forests
• Combined Population
178million- increasing
demand on goods and
services
Nairobi Convention
The Nairobi Convention
(1985/1996/Amended 2010)
• Governments’ political commitment to protection,
management and development of the WIO region
• Umbrella regional agreement elaborated by 3 specific
technical protocols Legal framework in the WIO region
• Platform for collaboration between countries and agencies
(transboundary issues)
• AMCEN declaration of 2010
• Country driven process/priorities
• Execution of Programme of Work through regional
programmes: govts, national, regional, international
institutions
Marine and Coastal ecosystems support ecological
systems, livelihoods and national economic development
Fisheries, shipping, tourism, etc
Over $25b per year and over 60 million coastal population
TransBoundary Diagnostic Analysis
UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project
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Physical alteration and destruction of habitats
Habitat conversion: Overexploitation:
Marine pollution: crude oil vessels accidental oil
spills,
Chemical pollution: Ports and harbours (hot spots)
Dredging activities
Mangroves dieback, sea grass- decline productivity
Water quality: declining fish stocks, tourism,
etc
UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project
5
invasive species
Pollution from land-based sources
Microbiological contaminants,
Marine litter
Industrial waste discharge
Ports waste
UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project
6
Alteration in river flow and sediment loads
River -Coast Interactions
UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project
7
Emerging issues: Climate Change
UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project
8
THE CONVENTION THE ROLE OF SHIPPING
&PORTS
Nairobi Convention
•Articles 5 Pollution from ships
•Article 6: Pollution caused by dumping waste from
ships
•Article 7 Pollution from land based sources
•Article 8: Pollution from sea-bed activities
Nairobi Convention
The Convention’s Protocols
Legal Frameworks
 Protocol concerning protected areas and wild fauna and
flora in Eastern African region
 Protocol concerning cooperation in combating marine
pollution in cases of emergency in the Eastern African
Region (marine pollution) – oil spills and other harmful
substances
 Protocol concerning land based sources and activities of
pollution negotiated and adopted 1 April 2010
 Strategic Action Programme____ endorsed 1 April 2010
Nairobi Convention
Emergency Protocol
• Protocol concerning cooperation in
combating marine pollution in cases of
emergency
– Take all necessary measures to prevent,
remedy and protect marine and coastal
environment
– Establish and maintain means of responding
to marine pollution incidents and reduce risk
– Enact relevant legislation, prepare
contingency plans
Nairobi Convention
Partnership with International Maritime
Organisation (IMO)
• Technical assistance to individual countries for
strengthening marine pollution responses
capabilities
– Prevention, reduction and control of marine
pollution
• Assessment of problems relating to contingency
plans development, sensitivity maps
• Assessment of regional capability to deal with
marine pollution
• Upgrade countries pollution preparedness and
response capabilities
Strategic Action Programme for the Protection of the
Western Indian Ocean Coastal and Marine Environment
from Land-based Sources and Activities
“People of the region prospering from
a healthy Western Indian Ocean”
Promote sustainable development in the WIO Region by
strengthening the management of coastal and marine
resources, on the basis of an ecosystem-based management
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approach
Nairobi Convention
Strategic
Components/Environmental
Quality Objectives
Frame of reference for regional harmonisation and
coordination of transboundary efforts
By 2035 in the WIO region:
A.
B.
C.
Critical coastal habitats will be protected, restored
and managed for sustainable use;
Water quality will meet international standards; and
River flows will be wisely and sustainably managed
By 2015, there will be:
D.
Effective collaboration at regional level in
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addressing transboundary challenges (Governance)
Nairobi Convention
National roll-out
A Strategic Action
Programme on Land-based
Sources and Activities
Management
A new Protocol on Landbased Sources and Activities
for the Nairobi Convention
Mainstreaming Land-based Sources and
Activities Management at the National
Level
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mainstreaming into national development plans
Development of partnerships for SAP
implementation
Development of concrete proposals for
donor/partner support
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Monitoring and evaluation of SAP implementation
The Role of Ports and Maritime
Transport
• Ports play an important role in
sustaining national economies
international/regional trade
• Role to play in restoring water
quality and therefore
sustaining marine biodiversity,
ecological serviceslivelihoods(fish stocks, human
health, tourism)
•
Minimise impact of port
development
• Environmental performance
• Adequate contingency plans
• Sensitivity mapping
Nairobi Convention
Environmental Management of areas and
activities within ports (water, land, air),
• Through controlled chemical pollution (suspended
solids); solid waste management: marine litter
• Port reception facilities (transport, handling and
storage);
• Ballast water management;
• Port expansion developments (habitat alteration and
destruction)
• Key Principles for Port and Harbour Development:
good mgt practices in planning, design and
management (GPA/UNEP)
– Environmentally accountable, E performance, EIA,
networks, partnerships
Nairobi Convention
Strategic Action Programme for the Protection of the
Western Indian Ocean Coastal and Marine Environment
from Land-based Sources and Activities
Partnership for a
healthy Western
Indian Ocean
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Nairobi Convention
THANK YOU
Please visit
www.unep.org/NairobiConvention