Integrated Pest Management
for Master Gardeners
Norm Leppla
University of Florida, IFAS
Leppla’s Career
University of Arizona- Insect Behavior &
Rearing Research (2 yr)
USDA, ARS- Pest Management &
Biological Control, FL & TX (17 yr)
USDA, APHIS- Methods Development,
Washington DC & International (7 yr)
University of Florida- Administration &
Integrated Pest Management (15 yr)
Introduction (Session 1)
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Introduction (Topics, Session 1 & 2)
History of IPM (Agriculture, Urban)
What is IPM? (Definitions)
Reactions to pest outbreaks
IPM practices and applications
Break
IPM topics from Master Gardeners?
Introduction (Session 2)
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Sources of IPM information
Purchasing and using natural enemies
Pesticide use and safety
IPM education, training and certification
Future of IPM in Florida and elsewhere
IPM topics from Master Gardeners?
History of IPM
1939- DDT introduced, resistance 1947
1940s- Pesticide use grows 1940s and 1950s
1950s- Thousands of pesticides registered
(~$40 billion worldwide by 2007)
The “Magic bullet“
mindset established
History of IPM
1959- Integrated Control Concept: Stern, Smith,
van den Bosch, and Hagen
1969- Rachael Carson, Silent Spring
1969- National Environmental Policy Act (CEQ)
1970- EPA established (pesticide registration)
1972- FIFRA extensively amended
(first passed in 1947)
1972- EPA cancels most
uses of DDT
1975- CES Extension IPM, every
state ($0.5-$1.5 million)
What is IPM?
Integrated Pest Management, or IPM, is a long-standing, sciencebased decision-making process that identifies and reduces risks
from pests and pest management strategies. It coordinates
information on pest biology, the environment, and available
technology to prevent unacceptable levels of pest damage by the
most economical means, while posing the least risk to people,
property, resources, and the environment. IPM provides an
effective strategy for managing pests from developed agricultural,
residential, and public areas to wild lands. IPM provides an
effective, all encompassing, sustainable approach to protect
natural resources, crops, animals and people from pests. IPM
recommendations are frequently recognized as Best Management
Practices (BMP’s) to manage weeds, disease and insects for
production of food and fiber (USDA National Road Map for
Integrated Pest Management).
What Causes Pest
Outbreaks?
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Alien invasive species
Disrupted environments
Pesticide resistance
Local invasions
Perceptions
Others causes?
Alien Invasive Pest
Reaction to
Pest Outbreak
Resistant Crop
Vulnerable Crop
• Competitors
• Natural enemies
• Resistant varieties
Pesticide program:
• Application methods
• Resistance management
• New pesticides
Integrated pest management program:
• Cultural practices
• Scouting, Identification of pests and NE
• Conservation of natural enemies
• Augmentation of natural enemies
• Reduced-risk insecticides
• Resistance management
IPM in Structures and Landscapes
IPM System
• Pest outbreaks &
INCREASE…
disease epidemics
• Reliability
• Environmental
• Sustainability
contamination
• Human health
Chem
hazards
• Pest mgmt.
Biological Control
costs
• Reduce
risk…
Cultural
Methods
IPM Practices
Generic IPM Program
 Biological knowledge
 Monitoring and inspection
 Act to control pests when necessary
 Choose least-risk options
 Long-term, preventative practices
 Evaluation and records
 Pesticide management
 Continual improvement
Where is IPM practiced?
Break
Introduction (Session 2)
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Sources of IPM information
Purchasing and using natural enemies
Pesticide use and safety
IPM education, training and certification
Future of IPM in Florida and elsewhere
IPM topics from Master Gardeners?
IPM Florida provides statewide, interdisciplinary
and inter-unit coordination and assistance for
UF/IFAS integrated pest management research
Extension and education faculty
http://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu
Direct Access to IPM Information
• Habitat-specific integrated pest
management guides, fact sheets,
• EDIS articles, Featured Creatures, etc.
• Links to specialized websites with pest
management information specific
to a crop or situation.
• Key contacts for expert advice on
managing pests.
• Additional resources for pest
identification and management,
e.g., diagnostic services.
Extension
Guides
Electronic Data Information
Source (EDIS)
The EDIS website is a comprehensive,
single-source repository of all current
UF/IFAS numbered peer-reviewed
publications (about 7,500).
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/
Electronic Data Information
Source (EDIS)
• Agriculture
• Community Development
• Environment
• Families & Consumers
• 4H Youth development
• Lawn & Garden
• Aquaculture
• Crops
• Livestock
• Nursery & GH
• Organic farming
• Agricultural safety
• Small farms
• Turf & sod
Featured Creatures provides in-depth profiles of insects,
nematodes, arachnids and other organisms. The site is a
cooperative venture of the University of Florida's Department
of Entomology and Nematologyoand the Florida Department of
Agriculture and Consumer Services'
Division of Plant Industry.
r
All articles are official publications of the University of Florida's
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.
Scotts Miracle-Gro Company Fined
$12.5 Million in February 2012
• pled guilty to “illegally applying insecticides to
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its wild bird food products that are toxic to
birds, falsifying pesticide registration
documents, distributing pesticides with
misleading and unapproved labels and
distributing unregistered pesticides”
The insecticides added to Scotts wild bird
food products were Actellic 5E and Storcide II
Pesticide Information
• UF/IFAS Pesticide Information Office
• CDMS- ChemSearch
• CDMS- http://www.cdms.net/
• LabelsMsds/LMDefault.aspx
• EPA- http://www.epa.gov/
• opp00001/regulating/
• registering/data_sources.htm
• Extension Pesticide Applicator Training
Extension Diagnostic Services
What can the Gainesville campus diagnostic
laboratories do for a master gardener volunteer client?
Anthony Camerino
Citrus County Extension
Master Gardener Volunteer
Coordinator
IPM Florida Presentation Number 18
Plant
Identification
Extension Soil
Testing
Insect Identification
Plant Disease
Clinic & Nematode
Assay
How to Send a Sample to Gainesville
and Receive the Results?
Master Gardener
Volunteer Plant
Clinic/Phone Room
Maybe if I put enough stuff in
this box, put a stamp on it,
and send it to Gainesville
someone will tell me what’s
wrong with my plant?
I can’t diagnosis your
problem here, but I can
get your sample to the
right lab for an accurate
and timely diagnosis.
FDACS, Division of Agricultural Environmental
Services, Bureau of Pesticides- Online Pesticide
Registration System
Florida Pesticide Product Data
15584 Products Registered
Select and Submit Search Option
Active Ingredient
EPA Registration Number
Site of Application
Product Name
Pest to be Controlled
Company Name
http://www.flpesticide.us/
Pesticide Resistance
Steve Toth
Southern Region IPM Center
Tom Anderson
FMC Corporation
Fred Fishel
UF/IFAS
http://utahpests.usu.edu/ipm/files/uploads/ppt
docs/05sh-pesticides-new.pdf
http://miami-dade.ifas.ufl.edu/pdfs/pesticide_applicator/Insecticide%20Resistance.pdf
http://www.irac-online.org/
IRAC Insecticide Classification
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Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (Carbamates, Carbaryl; Organophosphates, Malathion)
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists (Cyclodiene organochlorines, chlordane; Phenylpyrazoles, Fipronil)
Sodium channel modulators (Pyrethroids, Pyrethrins, Bifenthrin; DDT, Methoxychlor, DDT)
Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor agonists (Neonicotinoids, Imidacloprid; Nicotine Nicotine; Sulfoxaflor, Sulfoxaflor
Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators (Spinosyns, Spinosad)
Chloride channel activators (Avermectins, Abamectin; Milbemycins)
Juvenile hormone mimics (Juvenile hormone analogues, Methoprene, Fenoxycarb, Pyriproxyfen)
Miscellaneous nonspecific (multi-site) inhibitors (Alky halides, Methyl bromide, Chloropicrin, Sulfuryl fluoride)
Selective homopteran feeding blockers (Pymetrozine, Flonicamid)
Mite growth inhibitors (Clofentezine)
Microbial disruptor of insect midgut membranes (Bacillus thuringiensis and the insecticidal proteins they
produce; Bacillus sphaericus)
Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase (Diafenthiuron; Organotin miticides, Azocyclotin)
Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of proton gradient (Chlorfenapyr; Sulfuramid)
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers (Nereistoxin analogues, Bensultap)
Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0 (Benzoylureas, Diflubenzuron)
Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1 (Buprofezin)
Moulting disruptor, Dipteran (Cyromazine)
Ecdysone receptor agonists (Diacylhydrazines, Tebufenozide)
Octopaminergic receptor agonists (Amitraz)
Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors (Hydramethylnon)
Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors (METI acaricides and insecticides, Fenpyroximate,
Rotenone)
Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers (Indoxacarb)
Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase - Lipid synthesis, growth regulation (Tetronic and Tetramic acid derivatives,
Spirotetramat)
Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors (Zinc phosphide, Cyanide)
Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors (Beta-ketonitrile derivatives, Cyenopyrafen)
Vacant
Vacant
Ryanodine receptor modulators (Diamides, Chlorantraniliprole)
(UN) Compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action
Whitefly Insecticides
Examples
IRAC
Active Ingredient
Carbamate
Vydate
1A
Restricted
Organophosphate
Monitor
1B
Restricted
Cyclodiene
Thionex
1C
Pyrethroid
Mustang
2
Neonicotinoids
Admire
Provado
4A
Imidacloprid
Actara
Platinum
4A
Thiamethoxam
Venom
Scorpion
4A
Dinotefuran
Assail
4A
Acetamiprid
Coragen,
Verimark*
28
Rynaxypyr,
Cyazypyr
Nerve /Muscle poisons
Contact
Systemic
Diamides
End 2014
Restricted
Restricted
Tolerance
issues
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USER SAFETY
RECOMMENDATIONS
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
AGRICULTURAL USE
REQUIREMENTS
NON-AGRICULTURAL USE
REQUIREMENTS
LIMITED WARRANTY AND
LIABILITY
RISKS OF USING THIS PRODUCT
RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT
RESTRICTIONS AND LIMITATIONS
PLANT TOLERANCE
MIXING INSTRUCTIONS
SPRAY DRIFT MANAGEMENT
APPLICATION PROCEDURES
RESTRICTIONS AND LIMITATIONS
APPLICATION ON PLANTS FOR
PESTS
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
IPM Extension In-Service Training
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Hands-On IPM Training Through UF Living Extension IPM Laboratory Bob Hochmuth
The Role of Cover Crops in Integrated Pest Management –
Danielle Treadwell
Habitat Manipulations for Management of Arthropods - Russ Mizell
Beneficial Wildlife: Animals Helpful to Have On Your Farm - Holly Ober
Selective Tactics Used in IPM for Reducing Pest Populations in Fruit
and Vegetable Production - Oscar Liburd
Traps and Soft Insecticides for Management of Arthropods - Russ Mizell
Is It a Good Bug or a Bad Bug? - Susan Webb
Fruit Orchard IPM - Russ Mizell
Agronomic Crop IPM - Elena Toro
Peanut Insect Management - David Adams, University of Georgia
http://smallfarms.ifas.ufl.edu/downloads/index.html
Vegetable Crop IPM –
Sunflowers as a Trap Crop
IPM Education and Training
Pest Prevention and Detection
Prevent pest outbreaks through habitat
manipulation and other cultural practices
Gain experience with pest habitats, e.g.,
crops or buildings
Know the life cycles of the host plants,
pests and beneficial organisms
Understand the ecology and adaptability
of the organisms
IPM Education and Training
Pest Identification and Management
Utilize scouting and other monitoring techniques
Accurately identify key pest and beneficial organisms
Apply damage, economic and other action thresholds
Design systems of mitigation that minimize
environmental impacts
IPM Education and Training
General Knowledge and Professionalism
Practice safe and appropriate use of
pesticides and other IPM tactics
Know current laws and regulations
pertinent to pest management
Be able to rapidly access pest
management information
Be involved in pest management and
related organizations
IPM Capabilities
Education & experience. An inter-disciplinary
education in the traditional scientific
disciplines plus hands-on, practical
experience is essential.
Synthesis & integration. Education and
training prepare pest managers to synthesize
knowledge from across disciplines and
integrate pest management within entire
production systems.
IPM Capabilities
Problem solving & critical thinking.
Experience is gained in accurately
diagnosing and rapidly solving plant health
problems while minimizing environmental
impacts and economic losses.
Speaking & writing effectively. Superior
communication skills, both written and
verbal, are required to effectively
communicate IPM principles and practices.
IPM Education, Training and
Certification
University of Florida (http://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu)
B.S., M.S. (thesis or not-thesis), Ph.D. degrees in
Entomology or Nematology
Distance M.S. degree with a specialization in
Entomology or Pest Management, or a Certificate in
Urban Pest Management, Landscape Pest
Management, or Pest Control Technology
Doctor of Plant Medicine (non-thesis, interdisciplinary)
IPM Education, Training and
Certification
University of Nebraska- Doctor of Plant Health
University M.S. programs
IPM3 distance education program (U. Minnesota)
Entomological Society of America- BCE, ACE
American Society of Agronomy- Certified Crop
Advisor (CCA), Certified Professional Agronomist
(CP-Ag), Certified Professional Plant Pathologist
National Alliance of Independent Crop
Consultants- Crop Certification
State CCA, e.g., California
Opportunities for Sustainable
Food Crop Production
Research innovations
 Technology implementation
 Rapid information exchange
 Education and training
 Biosecurity and trade
 Food safety- supply chain
 Environmental stewardship
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Future of IPM
Due to its tremendous success and
acceptance, IPM is in:
 Sustainable and organic agriculture
 Food security, safety and quality
 Community and school IPM
 Environmental, conservation
 Federal and state regulatory activities
 Public health, renewable energy, etc.
http://www.ipmcenters.org/ipmsymposium12/
IPM Florida provides statewide, interdisciplinary
and inter-unit coordination and assistance for
UF/IFAS integrated pest management research
Extension and education faculty
http://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu