1. To distinguish between innate and
learned behavior
2. To learn the different types of learned
behavior
3. To learn how an animal’s behavior is
affected by nature
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• What an animal does
• How an animal cares for
itself
• How an animal reacts to
other organisms and the
environment in which
it lives
• Genetics play a huge role in deciding the behavior of
an animal
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• The nervous and endocrine body systems also
determine the behavior of an animal
• Is determined by the nervous system and is usually
inherited
• Cannot be changed in
most animals
• Examples:
− fight-or-flight
response
− instincts
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Fight-or-flight response
• Occurs when animal senses danger
• Prepares the body for greater activity
• Is controlled by hormones
and other chemical
functions within the body
• Example: a cat with its
hair raised and back
arched while hissing at
a threat to its environment
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Instincts
• Are unlearned actions
• Are inborn complex behavior
patterns which are hard to
change and very useful in
helping an animal adapt to
its environment
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• Some instincts, such as a
mating routine, could have
several different parts and
take weeks to complete
• Is a change in behavior based on experience
• Is more common in vertebrates
• Allows an animal to change in response to its
environment
• Types of learned behavior include:
− habituation
− classical conditioning
− operant conditioning
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− insight learning
Habituation
• Is when the animal reduces or quits
reacting to a repetitious stimulus not
associated with any punishment or
reward
• Is the simplest type of learning
• Allows animals to save time an energy
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Classical Conditioning
• Is when an animal makes a mental
association between a stimulus and a
reward or punishment
• Is also know as learning by association
• Was researched in 1900 by Ivan Pavlov, a
Russian physiologist
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Operant Conditioning
• Is when an animal learns to act a certain
way in order to receive
a reward
• Is also known as
trial and error
learning
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• Usually happens
quicker due to
animal’s motivation
Insight Learning
• Is the most complicated
form of learning
• Is also known as
reasoning
• Occurs when an animal
uses previous
experiences
to react to a new situation
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• Is common among humans
and other primates
• Is when an animal forms a social attachment to
another object during a critical time early in life
• Behaviors cannot be reversed
• Involves both innate and learned behavior
• Examples: young
ducks attaching
to their mothers
and salmon
remembering
their stream
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• Are when animals react to changes in their
environment
− some changes are during a 24-hour period, while
others are seasonal
− cycles occurring in 24-hour
periods are called
circadian rhythms
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• Migrations is the instinctive movement of some
animals during certain seasons
• Hibernation is when reptiles and mammals phase into
a sleeplike state during cold seasons
• Estivation is when the body’s
metabolism rate is reduced
in order to maintain energy
− animals living extremely
hot areas sometimes go
through estivation
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• Is a behavior carried out
before mating
− both males and
females of the same
species carry out
specific behaviors
before mating
− behaviors are
meant to ensure
animals of the
same specie mate
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• Is used to threaten and intimidate other animals in
order to protect their young, territory and resources
• Is an animal’s way of communicating to keep other
animals away
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• Is an occupied land containing resources necessary
for an animal’s survival
• Animals must protect their territory and keep others
away
− prevents others
from using
their resources
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• Is a method of social ranking
within a group
− some animals are ranked
higher than others
• The alpha animal takes the lead
role and occupies the dominant
position in the group
− usually leads the group to
food, water and other
resources
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• Several levels can exist within the order
• Is known as the sending of information from
one animal to another
• Usually this information results in a change
in behavior
• Animals communicate in three ways:
1. visual signals
2. chemical signals
3. sound signals
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• There are two main types of animal behavior
1. innate
2. learned
• Animals illustrate behavioral cycles and
seasonal cycles
• Genetics, hormones and the nervous system
all interact to determine the behavior of an
animal
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1. Animal _________ is what animal does, how it cares
for itself and how it reacts to other organisms and
the environment in which it lives.
2. The _________ response prepares the body for
greater activity.
3. __________ are actions animals are born with.
4. __________ is a change in behavior based on
experience.
5. __________ is used to threaten and intimidate other
animals.
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6. Name four types of learned behavior.
7. __________ involves both innate and learned
behavior.
8. __________ are cycles happening in 24-hour
periods.
9. __________ is when the body’s metabolism rate is
reduced in order to maintain energy.
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10.Name three ways animals communicate.
University of South Carolina
www.biol.sc.edu/courses/bio102/41-ol.html
Animal Behavior Glossary
www.casper.bgsu.edu/~courses/Ethlogy/glossary_Ethor.html
Social Behavior
www.biol.sc.edu/courses/bio102/42-ol.html
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