Biology
Ch. 34 Review
A stimulus is a(an)
1. reaction to an external
event.
2. reaction to an internal
event.
3. internal or external
response.
4. internal or external signal.
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For a behavior to evolve under the influence of
natural selection, that behavior must be
1. directed by genes.
2. neither adaptive nor
harmful.
3. acquired through
learning.
4. related to predator
avoidance.
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Animals that have very simple
nervous systems cannot
1. detect external stimuli.
2. process information
from their senses.
3. respond to stimuli.
4. exhibit complex
behaviors.
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Suppose two animals exhibit different responses to the same
stimulus. Which of the following would NOT be a plausible
explanation for this difference?
1. Only one of the animals is sensitive to
that stimulus.
2. The animals’ nervous systems process
information differently.
3. The animals’ muscular and skeletal
systems are different.
4. Different experiences have caused the
animals to learn different responses.
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When disturbed, certain moths lift their
front wings to expose eyelike markings on
their hind wings. This behavior would be
most effective against predators that hunt
by
1. sound.
2. smell.
3. sight.
4. touch.
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Which of the following terms is
NOT closely related to the
others?
1.
2.
3.
4.
innate behavior
learned behavior
inborn behavior
instinct
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The Fischer’s lovebird builds its nests with long strips of
vegetation that it cuts with its beak. A closely related species,
the peach-faced lovebird, cuts shorter strips for its nests. When
these two species are interbred, the hybrid offspring cut strips
of intermediate length for their nests. These observations
suggest that this aspect of nest building is
1. an innate behavior.
2. the product of insight
learning.
3. influenced by
imprinting.
4. a behavioral cycle.
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Complex inborn behaviors include each
of the following EXCEPT
1. web building in spiders.
2. nest building in birds.
3. potato washing in
macaques.
4. suckling of newborn
mammals.
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Young sea turtles head for the ocean
immediately after they hatch. This behavior
is most likely
1. innate.
2. learned through trial and
error.
3. classically conditioned.
4. the result of habituation.
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You could conclude that a behavior is innate
rather than learned if you showed that
1. the behavior is different in individuals
that have had different experiences.
2. some individuals perform the behavior
and some do not.
3. individuals become better at
performing the behavior the more they
practice it.
4. all individuals perform the behavior
the same way each time.
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Trial-and-error learning is also
known as
1. operant
conditioning.
2. insight learning.
3. classical
conditioning.
4. innate behavior.
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Insight learning is a form of behavior that
1. is characterized by decreased
responsiveness to unimportant
stimuli.
2. involves random responses that
lead to either reward or
punishment.
3. involves applying something
already learned to a new situation.
4. is performed correctly without any
previous experience.
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The process in which an animal stops
responding to a repetitive stimulus is
called
1.
2.
3.
4.
habituation.
classical conditioning.
operant conditioning.
instinct.
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Any change in which a behavior
is altered as a result of experience
is called
1. habituation.
2. operant
conditioning.
3. innate behavior.
4. learning.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
In Pavlov’s experiments on classical
conditioning, dogs
learned to associate food with
salivation.
learned to ring a bell
whenever they were hungry.
associated a stimulus with a
reward.
were conditioned to produce
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an innate behavior in response
to food.
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2
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Aquarium fish often swim to the water’s
surface when a person approaches. Their
behavior has probably formed through
1. instinct.
2. classical
conditioning.
3. imprinting.
4. insight learning.
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If a dog that barks when indoors is always let
outside immediately, it will learn to bark
whenever it wants to go outside. This change
in the dog’s behavior is an example of
1.
2.
3.
4.
classical conditioning.
operant conditioning.
insight learning.
imprinting.
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People who move into an apartment near railroad
tracks are awakened at night each time they hear a
train go by. After about a week, they can sleep through
the night, even though the trains continue to run on the
same schedule. The change in their sleeping behavior
is an example of
1.
2.
3.
4.
classical conditioning.
operant conditioning.
habituation.
insight learning.
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When you use knowledge and experience
to figure out why a lamp in your house
will not light, you are using
1.
2.
3.
4.
classical conditioning.
insight learning.
innate behavior.
trial-and-error
learning.
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The type of learning that results from
the association of two stimuli in the
environment is called
1.
2.
3.
4.
classical conditioning.
operant conditioning.
habituation.
trial-and-error
learning.
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A rat that successfully runs a maze is
rewarded with food. Each time the rat runs
the same maze, it makes fewer mistakes
before it reaches the food. The rat is
learning to find the food through
1.
2.
3.
4.
classical conditioning.
operant conditioning.
habituation.
insight learning.
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For young geese to imprint on an
object, that object must
1.
2.
3.
4.
move.
be some kind of animal.
look like an adult goose.
be the same size as an
adult goose.
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The ability of salmon to recognize
their home stream at spawning time is
an example of
1.
2.
3.
4.
insight learning.
competition.
imprinting.
communication.
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Imprinting is a form of behavior that
1. is restricted to birds.
2. is often used in the training
of adult animals.
3. occurs during a specific time
in young animals.
4. always involves the sense of
sight.
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If a young song sparrow is raised in isolation in a soundproof
chamber, it will sing a nearly normal song when it is mature.
However, it will be able to sing more variations of the song if
it is allowed to hear other birds sing as it grows. These
findings indicate that
1. the ability of song sparrows to sing is a
learned behavior.
2. song sparrows use classical conditioning
to teach themselves to sing.
3. sounds produced by other birds cause
young song sparrows to sing.
4. song development in this species involves
both innate behavior and learning.
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After a young duck imprints on a nonliving
model of an adult duck, the young duck will
1. then imprint on its
mother.
2. then imprint on any real
adult duck.
3. follow only that model.
4. follow any other kind of
model.
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Geese that are exposed to a moving box during the first two
days after hatching will imprint on the box. Geese that are
totally isolated from any moving objects during the same
period will never imprint on anything. These results show that
1. young geese must see some type of box
to imprint correctly.
2. the first two days after hatching are a
critical period for imprinting in geese.
3. geese have an instinctive tendency to
avoid moving, box-shaped objects.
4. geese must be exposed to their mother
more than two days after hatching to
imprint on her.
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A circadian rhythm is a cycle that
1. is related to the phase
of the moon.
2. is related to the
temperature of the air.
3. has a daily pattern.
4. has a seasonal pattern.
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Migration is a behavior that is
usually influenced by
1. changing seasons.
2. the phase of the
moon.
3. the rise and fall of
tides.
4. the time of day.
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The Australian burrowing frog spends the
hot, dry summer months underground,
sealed in a cocoon. The behavior of this
frog during these months is best described
as
1.
2.
3.
4.
a circadian rhythm.
a ritual.
territoriality.
dormancy.
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An animal is most likely to enter
into dormancy when
1. it is advantageous to be
active.
2. resources are most
difficult to find.
3. food is very plentiful.
4. the weather is very mild.
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Animals are least likely to migrate
out of an area where
1. there is little or no seasonal
change in weather.
2. food becomes scarce during part
of the year.
3. competition for resources
increases during part of the year.
4. winters are very cold and snowy.
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Which of the following is NOT a
type of social behavior?
1.
2.
3.
4.
courtship
habituation
aggression
competition
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The members of a society
1. belong to at least two
species.
2. exhibit a type of social
behavior.
3. act independently for each
individual’s benefit.
4. are usually unrelated to
one another.
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It is advantageous for grazing mammals to
gather in groups because groups
1. can make the available food
resources last longer.
2. can migrate more easily than
individuals can.
3. are more difficult for predators to
locate than individuals are.
4. offer greater protection from
predation.
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Closely related species often look similar but have
courtship behaviors that are slightly different. One
function of courtship in such species would be to
1. increase competition between the
species.
2. increase communication between
the species.
3. ensure that mating occurs between
members of the same species.
4. promote the evolution of new
species through interbreeding.
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In some species of balloon flies, males spin
balloons of silk and carry them while flying. If a
female approaches one of the males and accepts
his balloon, the two will fly off to mate. This
type of behavior is an example of
1.
2.
3.
4.
aggression.
territorial defense.
courtship.
language.
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The resources that an animal protects
in its territory can include all of the
following EXCEPT
1.
2.
3.
4.
food.
nesting sites.
potential mates.
predators.
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An animal can benefit most by defending
a territory if
1. that territory has more resources
than surrounding areas.
2. that territory has many predators.
3. there are more than enough
resources in that territory for all
competitors.
4. the animals it defends against do
not use the same resources.
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Competition for limited resources
can involve each of the following
EXCEPT
1. rituals.
2. circadian
rhythms.
3. displays.
4. aggression.
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Dolphins communicate with one
another mainly through
1.
2.
3.
4.
sound.
visual displays.
chemical signals.
pheromones.
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A pheromone is a type of
1. visual signal.
2. sound signal.
3. chemical
messenger.
4. defensive
display.
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What would be the best way for an animal to
communicate its ownership of an area’s resources to
other individuals that visit the area when the owner is
not around?
1. Use colors and patterns on its body as
visual displays.
2. Produce sound signals while patrolling
the area.
3. Leave pheromones near the boundaries of
the area.
4. Show aggression when approached by
other individuals.
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Animals that use language are those
that have the greatest capacity for
1.
2.
3.
4.
innate behavior.
behavioral cycles.
habituation.
insight learning.
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Nocturnal animals that have a poorly
developed sense of smell are most
likely to communicate by
1.
2.
3.
4.
sound signals.
visual displays.
pheromones.
chemical signals.
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Natural selection favors the
evolution of any behavior that is
adaptive and influenced by genes.
1. True
2. False
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Some birds navigate by detecting
Earth’s magnetic field.
1. True
2. False
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A mammal will begin to shiver when
its body temperature drops below a
certain point. Therefore, low body
temperature is a stimulus for shivering
behavior.
1. True
2. False
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Learned behaviors appear in fully
functional form the first time they
are performed.
1. True
2. False
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When a marsupial embryo crawls
into its mother’s pouch to
complete its development, it is
exhibiting an innate behavior.
1. True
2. False
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An “invisible fence” delivers a mild
shock to a dog each time the dog tries
to leave a defined area. Through
classical conditioning, the dog
eventually learns to avoid the shock by
staying inside the area.
1. True
2. False
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A cat that runs into the kitchen
when it hears a can being opened
shows that its behavior has been
modified through reasoning.
1. True
2. False
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Imprinting involves both innate
and learned behavior.
1. True
2. False
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Young salmon use their sense of
sight to imprint on the stream in
which they hatch.
1. True
2. False
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Most bats sleep during the day
and hunt or forage at night. This
activity pattern in bats is an
example of a migration cycle.
1. True
2. False
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Animals exhibit social behavior
when they interact with members
of different species.
1. True
2. False
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2
When related individuals help
each other survive and reproduce,
they decrease their own
evolutionary fitness.
1. True
2. False
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Competition is most likely to
occur when the resources in an
area are limited.
1. True
2. False
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Some animals produce
pheromones as a type of chemical
signal.
1. True
2. False
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Animals of species X live near waterfalls, where
noise levels are high due to the falling water.
Most predators of species X hunt by using
vision. Therefore, chemical signals would be the
best way for members of species X to
communicate with each other while minimizing
their vulnerability.
1. True
2. False
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