Institute of high value forest
1. background
why deforestation or forest degradation
 Deforestation for additional food
 Excessive exploitation of wood fuel
 Excessive exploitation of forest resource
 Harvest of leaf mould
 Forest fire
 Damage by outbreak of insect
Influence of deforestation
Serious erosion of soil
Declining water holding capacity
Catastrophic effect of flooding
 Decrease of agriculture productivity
in downward
National policy of government
Rehabilitation of deforested mountains with
high value trees
 Mandate of forest researchers and land
managers
Rural people’s needs(food, fuel)
Sustainable forest management
How to harmony
 Addition food + forest rehabilitation
➡Agro-forestry with high value species
 Wood fuel + forest rehabilitation
➡Short rotation cultivation with high productivity
species
Agro-forestry is the intentional
inclusion of woody perennials
within farming system
Agro-forestry as sustain forest management
Sustainable forest ecosystem
Agro-forestry with forest carbon offset
Agro-forestry ecosystem
Tree+crop
Agriculture ecosystem
Monoculture with crop
Achievement and constraint
in AF study
 Achievements
AF species, duration, patterns, economic efficiency,
interaction between tree and crop, productivity of fruit
and soil protect
It enable policy makers and rural farmers acceptable
 Constraints
No indicators, criteria and verification for forest
carbon sequestration in AF to be incentive rural
farmers and contribute climate change
It unable rural farmers to overcome economic difficulty in establishment
of AF system
Project object
To establish sustainable forest
management (AF with forest carbon
offset) for rural people to accept and
contribute to mitigation of climate change
Outcomes and outputs
1. Outcome-Capacity building
 Output 1
20 of experts trained in abroad
 Output 2
Training materials for rural people
 Output 3
Forest managers, officers, rural people
trained through interior training
2. Outcome-estabilishing AF with
forest carbon offset building
 Output 1
criteria and list of forest carbon offset(FCO)
 Output 2
short rotation woody bio-fuel cultivation
system
 Output 3
integrated pest management
3. Outcome- demonstrating sites
 Output 1
establishment of demonstrating site AF with
forest carbon offset
 Output 2
establishment of demonstrating site for short
rotation woody bio-fuel cultivation system
 Output 3
establishment of demonstrating site for integrated
pest management
National partners
 Soil Science Institue, Botany Institute, Agricultural
University Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of
Land And Environment Protect, Forest Boards in
National, Provincial, County, Individual Level,
Several plantations of AFS.
Executive Institute
 Academy of forest science (AFS)
During the last few decades, Academy of Forest Science (AFS) have
invested many efforts in developing agro-forestry (AF), as sustainable
forest management, in resulting many successes including selection of
high value AF species, identification of best crop-tree models,
protecting soil erosion, increasing biodiversity and etc. Academy of
Forest Science is developing “Forest Carbon Offset” program in AF in
order to overcome rural people’s economic difficult and contribute to
climate change. To make the program more reliable and transparent,
AFS must identify criteria and lists of forest carbon sequestration
according to species, density, regions and ages for registration,
verification, and validation in “Forest Carbon Offset” program, and
establish theoretical and practical base.
AFS is also studying about short-rotation woody bio-fuels and
integrated pest management to protect damage of forest.
Selecting course of typical
Agro-Forestry Species
 Participatory tree species selection
Identify of AF species in field, listing, grading, 48 AF
species, development AF cultivation pattern
 Selection of typical AF species through statistical
analysis
Statistical analysis, testing, demonstrating in field
Achievement of AF study
 Selection of AF species
 Identification of AF cultivation patterns
 Interaction between tree and crop
 Diversification of crops
 Conservation cultivation
 Effect of soil protect
Selected Typical AF Species
 Aronia melanocarpa
Duration 15~20 years - high capacity for soil protection and high fruit
value
 Castanea crenata
Duration 7~10 years - high capacity for soil protection and high fruit
value
 pinus koraiensis
Duration 10~15 years - high capacity for soil protection and high fruit
value
 Larix kaempferi
Duration 3~5 years - high capacity for soil protection and high timber
value
Massive propagation technique of typical AF
species
 Propagation by bud grafting of chestnut
 Propagation by seed of Aronia
AF patterns acceptable by rural farmers
 Long, short term according to AF period
 tree+crop, tree+medical plant, tree+fodder
 line, strip, group
Bio-ecological Characters of Aronia
 Shrub with 2~3m height
 Fruit production from 3rd year
 No separation of characters in
seed reproduction, easy cutting
and cultivation
 Not so high demand for soil
quality
 High resistance to cold weather
and to pest
Aronia Fruit – Raw Material for
Health Promoting Foods
 Ingredients of Aronia fruit(per 100g of crude fruit)
Anthocyan
Flavonol
β Carotene
Vitamin E
5900mg
360mg
2.0mg
1.5mg
Catechin
Vitamin C
Polyene acid
Vitamin P
870mg
55mg
0.1mg
2600mg
 Effects of tonic, fatigue relief and senility prevention
Functional improvement in brain, heart and genital organs,
acceleration of erythrocyte formation
 Crude fruit, injection, extract, tea, jelly, brandy, soft
drinks
Scope of Distribution and
Cultivation for Aronia
 Altitude: lower than 800m above sea level
 Low demand for soil, water and
temperature, cultivated in all eco-zones with
annual rainfall of 500mm, and 1 550℃ of
accumulated growth temperature
 Cultivation trial of 30ha-scale underway at
experimental station for economic forest in
Yontan County of North Hwanghae
Province, introduced in 7 project counties in
North Hwanghae Province
Cultivation types
for Aronia
• line/strip type
• space between trees 1m,
• the space can be regulated between 4 and10m
according to inclination.
Type
Aronia AF model
1
Space between
lines (m)
Space between
trees (m)
Density (Plants/ha)
2
3
3
4
5
3.3
2.5
2
1010
1000
1000
Advantage of Aronia AF
 Low-level competition
against crop for light and
nutrition
 High fruit value (5~7kg/plant
at 8th year)
 15~20 years of AF duration
 Low cultivation cost
 Rapid effect in prevention of
land loss at sloping lands
Recommendations from Research
 Aronia AF can serve as a way-out for long-term food
security bare sloping lands at densely-populated areas.
 Aronia AF enables mixed AF for its high rooting rate,
high planting density and rapid land protection effect.
(pinut＋aronia＋soybean).
 Aronia AF is an efficient AF type with rapid and high
fruit value and larger crop cultivation duration.
 Aronia AF should be coincided with knowledge
transfer for cultivation to local population.
Bio-ecological Characters of Chestnut
 Broad- and falling-leaved arbor
growing higher than 5m
 Fruit production between 4th and
10th year with safe fruit production
until 20th year.
 Large scale reproduction through
grafting
 Chestut, as an indegenuos species,
has dry-tolerance and well growth
even on barren land
Utility of Chestnut
 Delicious nutritional food
 Timber used for stock, ship-build
ing, tie plate for bridge and whee
l for hardness and resistance to
moisture and decomposition
 Usage in forestation of bare mou
ntains for high vitality in draugh
t and poor fertility
Scope of Distribution and
Cultivation of Chestnut
 As a native species, chestnut has low demands
for soil fertility and climatic conditions, which
enables the plant to grow in every eco-zone
except those higher than 800m above sea level.
 Chestnut AF is under cultivation trials at Unjon
County of North Pyongan Province and Wonsan
City of Kangwon Province and has been
introduced into project sites in North Hwanghae
Province.
Advantage of Chestnut AF
 High fruit value (2t/ha at 8th
year)
 7~10 years of AF duration
 Low cultivation cost
 Rapid effect for land loss
prevention at sloping lands
 Traditional cultivation
techniques mastered by
local population
Recommendations from research
 Chestnut AF can serve as a way-out to short-term food
security in bare sloping lands with high population density
and to long-term income increase.
 Chestnut AF can improve livelihood of local people
without huge investment since chestnut is a species
easily cultivated at mountainous areas.
 Chestnut AF is an easily applicable AF type for chestnut
has been cultivated traditionally.
 Chestnut AF is promoted by national policy of expanding
chestnut forest.
Bio-ecological Characters of
Pine-nut
 Needle-leaf tree with 2~3m height at 10th
year and 30m height at 100th year
 Fruit production after 15~20 years
 Large-scale reproduction by seed and
grafting
 Demand for sandy-loamy soil with good
drainage and air flow
 Characteristics of growing in population
 Pine-nut AF is under cultivation trials in
Rinsan County of North Hwanghae Province,
Kanggye City and Hwapyong County of
Chagang Province, and has been introduced
into project sites in North Hwanghae
Province.
Bio-ecological Characters of
Japanese Larch
 Needle-leaf tree with height
of 40m
 Used as timber after 15
years
 large-scale reproduction by
seed and branch cutting
 Low demand for soil fertility
Scope of Distribution and
Cultivation for Japanese Larch
 Japanese larch grows in every eco-z
one of DPRK up to 40°30′ of north
latitude.
 It grows in eco-zones with altitude
lower than 800~1000mabove sea lev
el.
 Japanese Larch AF is under
cultivation trials at Wonsan City of
Kangwon Province and Suan County
of Hwanghae Province and has been
introduced into project sites in North
Hwanghae Province.
Recommendations from research
 Japanese larch AF can serve as a way-out to afforest bare
sloping land with contribution to long-term food security.
 Japanese larch AF can serve as a way-out for short-term
food security at felled forest or reforested areas.
 Japanese larch AF enables AF at areas with high soil erosion
for the plant has rapid land protection effect with its high
rooting rate and high planting density.
 In Japanese larch AF, when the canopy disables AF, multi
canopy forest of trees at different ages should be
established with trees planted in the space.
Thank for your attention