PRESENTATION : 1
NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM
2008-ag-1821
7 th semester(conservation Agronomy)
NABEEL AHMAD IKRAM

Cotton
 This is called as COTTON (English), KAPAS
(Urdu), PHUTTI (Punjabi), COTON
(French), and ALGODON (Spanish)

 Kingdom
 Sub-kingdom
 Super Division
 Division
 Class
 Sub-class
 Order
 Family
 Genus
Plantae
Tracheobionta
Spermetophyta
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliopsida
Dilleniidae
Malvales
Malvaceae
Gossypium L.
Vascular plants
Seed plants
Flowering plants
Dicotyledons

 Cotton belongs to genus gossypium and faimly
Malvacaeae
 This genus consist of 20 species included wild and domestic
There are four domestic species
(AMERICAN)
 G. hirsutum
 G. barbadence
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(Asian)
 G.herbacium
 G.arborium
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 1. China
 2. USA
 3. India
 4. Pakistan
 5. Uzbekistan
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 In soutern america cotton cord found in costal mounds of peru is belived to date back to about 1000B.C
 From 1500 B.C to 1500 A.D Indian subcontinent is the center of cotton production and manufacture of its products
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 Cotton is growing in our region from centuries this is proved from available archeological evidence which lead to conclusion that the art of spining and weaving cotton originate in indus valley
 The oldest cotton fiber today was found from the ruin of moen –jo-dare
 Archeologist have also discovered cotton seed
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 About seven thousands years old from rehman dari (bloachistan)
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 IN the year of 2009-2010 the total area under cotton is 2.963million hactares and the yield taken per hac. Is 2346kg
 The most important constraint for cotton production now a day is CLVC burevalla strain
 Now PAKISTAN Is also included in those countries which grown b.t cotton comercially
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 There are 30% increase in cotton yield due to introdction of b.t varities
 B.T cotton is developed by genetic engineering it contain the gene Bacillus thrugensis
 These B.T varities are resistant to chewing insects but not for sucking pests like mealy bug
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 Cotton is our most important cash crop
 Pakistan ranks fifth biggest producer of cotton
 Textile is the largest industry of pakistan and cotton is the basic raw material of that industry
 At present 521 textile mills ,8000 power looms working in our country which totally depend upon cotton
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 Cotton is a none true oil seed crop cotton is the major raw material for ghee mills it contribute to
70% of our totall oil production
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 A perennial
 Coldest temps.
65 0 F
 Height = 2-5 feet
 Deep tap root
 Bolls
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 Cotton is a crop of tropical and sub tropical region grown in summer
 Cotton require frost free growing season for 180 to 200 days
 The optimum soil ph for cotton is 5-8.5
 Cotton need soil with maximum water holding capacity
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 Cotton require smooth seed bed
 Cotton require at least four ploughing and one planking
 Also on some clayey soils deep tillage implements can also be use
 The tillage implements most commonly used are as
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 Tillage
 Disc plough
 Disc harrow
 Cultivator
 Planker
 Chisel plough
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Varieties for Core Zone Area
CIM-496,CIM-506,CIM-499,
BH-160,NIAB-111,CIM-534,
CIM-707,CIM-446,FH-901 ,

Varieties for Non Core Zone Area
CIM-496,CIM-506,CIM-499,
NIAB-111,CIM-534,
FH-901,

Seed rate Per Acre
Germination% Delinted seed Kg /acre
>75% 6
60% 8
50% 10

Commercial Sulfuric Acid 1 liter for 10
Kg fuzzy seed is used for delinting

Planting Geometry
For Core Zone Areas
Plant To Plant= 6-9 Inches
Row To Row= 30 Inches
For Non Core Zone Areas
Plant To Plant= 9-12 Inches
Row To Row= 30 Inches

Sowing Date
For Core Zone Areas
1 st may to 7 june
For Non Core Zone Areas
16 april to 31 may

 Mostly cotton is sown in our country by two methods
 Flat sowing
 Raise bed sowing
Flat sowing flat sowing is done by two methods
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 Broad casting
 Drill sowing in drill sowing row to row distance is maintained 30 inches
2- raised seed bed in this method raise seed beds are drawn in the field via cotton planter or bed planter seed may be directly sown by planter
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 Or in some cases bed are drawn in field and seed in sown by manual labour
 The seed rate for this method is 5kg per acer
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 Cotton grown via this method mature
15-20 days earlier
 Loss due to rainfall is reduced
 It gives more soil for root development
 Saves water up to 40%
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• N, 27.kg./ac
• P, 30. kg./ac
• K, 30.kg./ac
• Also amounts will depend on the soil type.
• In addition, 60% of the mineral nutrients are taken up between squares and boll formation .
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 Before last cultivation
 1 bag of urea
 1bag of TSP
 1bag of SOP
Should be added in soil as basal dose
On the basis of soil deficiency zinc sulphate 5kg and borax 3kg per acer
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 In order to keep normal plant to plant distance the extra seedlings should be removed this should be done after first irrigation
 It should be noted that delay in thinning considerably reduce the yield
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• The goal is to keep 50% field capacity or higher through out the growing season.
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 The rough schedule for irrigation is first irrigation 30-40 DAS
Subsequent irrigationd 15-18DAS
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 The most common weed of cotton are
 IT-SIT
 Madahana grass
 Aak
 Hazar dani
 Bhakra
 Jangli chauli
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There are three weed control methods which are commonly used to control weeds in cotton these are as follow
1. Stale seed bed
2. Mechanical weed control
3. Chemical weed control method
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• In This method first we give irrigation to field when field come in wattar condition we plough the field and plank it after that weed emerge we again cultivate the field in this way weed control is satisfactory
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 Early season weeds reduce yields due to the competition for nutrients and light.
 So in cotton area mosty in early season mechanical weed control is done
 The benefits of this method is that it not only uproot the weeds but also soften the soil so this method gives proper aeration to soil for better root growth
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 The figure 1 show the mechanical weed control
 The figure 2 show the stale seed bed method
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• In cotton only pre emergence herbicedes are available like DIVALD GOLD, stomp
• Common herbicides; Gramoxyone, Glyfosat which is used with sheild as post emergence but not recommended by agriculture dept..
• Round-up in Round-up ready varities.
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• Common herbicides; Gramoxyone,
Glyfosat which is used with sheild as post emergence but not recommended by agriculture dept..

 Fursaruim Wilt
 Bacterial blight
 Cotton-boll rots
 Root-knot nematode
 Root rot
 CLVC
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 Army bollworm
 White fly
 jassid
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 PINK bollworm
 American bollworm
 White fly
 Aphid
 Mites

 Insects are mostly control through chemical pesticides but in some areas some insects are control by there natural predators Most common pesticides used in our country against chewing insects are
 Lefuron
 Match
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The most common pesticides used for sucking insects are
 Ameida chloproide
 Bepru fresian
 Tracker
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

Control of sucking insect pests at early stage of the crop through seed treatment.
Delay first spray as far as possible for the conservation of beneficials but start spraying at ETL.


Use pheromone baited traps
Use of pheromone traps around village near cotton heaps for pink bollworm control.





Pest scouting should be done twice a week.
Spray at right stage of the pest and at ETL.
Do not repeat the same chemical more than twice a season, instead rotate different insecticide groups for spray..
Select only recommended pesticides and use proper dose.

Sucking Pests
Insects
Thrips
Jassid
Whitefly
Mites
Aphid
Mealy bug
Economic Threshode Level
8-10 / Leaf
1 / Leaf
5 / Leaf
When damage occur
Damage occur on top
When found in field
Spotted Boll worm
Pink Boll worm
Chewing Pests
3/25 plants
5/100 soft boll
American Boll worm 3/25 plants
Army worm When Found in Field

 On small scale hand sprayer is used in our country
 On large scale tractor drawn boon sprayers are user in our country
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Pesticide spraying equipment

Harvesting in cotton done manually by human labor a or by mechanical cotton pickers
 Picking
 Mechanical cotton picker
 In cotton 2 to 3 pickings are done because all bolls donot open at one time
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 In Pakistan cotton is mostly picked by manual labor which mostly composed of village women's mechanical pickers are also introduced in our country but the draw back is that they can pick un ripe bolls also
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 The cotton fibers are removed from the seed.
There are two different methods used
 Ginning
 pressing
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 Cotton bale are first converted into fiber in spinning mills
 After that these fibers are used in textile mill for the production of textile products
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 The average yield at farmer level is 2.5 tonns per hac
 But peoples are getting up to 20-30 monds per acer for normal sowing
 In early sowing peoples are getting up to 55-67 monds per
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