Results from ANTARES
environmental sciences
C. Tamburini
Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Géochimie et Ecologie Marines (LMGEM, UMR6117), INSU, Centre
d’Océanologie de Marseille – Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
On behalf of : ANTARES Sea and Earth Sciences
and S. Escoffier, D. Lefèvre, A. Robert, C. Curtil, S. Martini, M. Canals, J. Brunner , X. Durrieu de
Madron, P. Testor, F. D’Ortenzio, M. Billault, A. Kevin, P. Payre, S. Beurthey, A. Deschamps, M. André,
P. Cuny, B. Al Ali
Sea & Earth sciences around ANTARES
M. André’s talk
2000 m
ANTARES telescope
Biogeochemistry
Biology
Oceanography
Neutrino detector reveals deep ocean life (New
scientists)
SV
O2
100
Bioluminescence
2400 m
Microbial
ecology
Environmental
research
IL07
Sismology
Ifremer
®
J. Brunner’s talk
P. Charvis’ talk
Neutrino detector reveals deep ocean life (New scientists)
Sources of bioluminescence in the deep
Crustacés
Bactéries
Cnidaires
Dinoflagellés
Radiolaires
Poissons abyssaux
Mollusques
Céphalopodes
Potential sources of bioluminescent bacteria
Fecal pellets
Particles flux
Luminescent
biofilm?
Potential sources:
1) Particles flux constitutes the main
source of bioluminescence
2) Biofouling
Downwelling
3) Free-living bacteria Cascading
Attached-to-particles
bacteria
Symbiotic bacteria
expulsed
Free-living
bacteria
PM ANTARES
Free-living
bacteria
Study of bioluminescent bacteria
Isolation from free-living bacteria:
Identification of ANTARES strain
Attached-to-OM bioluminescent bacteria ?
Al Ali et al. (2010)
Study of growth and bioluminescence under pressure
Microscopic photographs of
P. p. ANT-2200:
At 0.1 MPa
At 22 MPa
Piloted Pressure Generator (PPG)
Al Ali et al. (2010)
P. phosphoreum ANT-2200: growth and bioluminescence
P. phoshoreum ANT-2200 growth
(A)
P. phoshoreum ANT-2200 bioluminescence
(B)
22 MPa
0.1 MPa
Temps (h)
Temps (h)
Tamburini et al. (in prep.)
Environmental research…
Ifremer®
Evidence for Prestige fuel oil (bio)degradation at
2400 m water depth after 2 years of incubation.
Changes in the bacterial community structure likely
reflect an adaptation of bacterial communities to the
contamination in association with a probable selection
of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. This point is supported
by the isolation of various hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria
from the ANTARES station.
macrobenthic recolonisation and sediment reworking
activity do not seem to have been affected by the
contamination.
Ifremer®
Tapilatu et al. (2010)
Cuny et al. (in prep.)
Isolation of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria from the water-sediment interface
of ANTARES station. Sampling : POTES MER I
Station ANTARES 2400 m
Tapilatu et al. slide
(2010)
22/29
Oceanographic & biogeochemistry studies
IODA6000
on the L12
videomonitoring camera
 bioluminescence
+ Optical Module
D[O2]
SV
O2
MicroCAT CTD  T, S
O2 optode sensor (Aanderaa 3975)  [O2]
Hydrophones
100
videomonitoring camera
 bioluminescence
+ Optical Module
Deep-sea temperature, salinity & currents survey
Hydro-Changes program (CIESM)
(Commission Internationale pour l’Exploration Scientifique de la mer Méditerranée)
ANTARES
Circulation studies in the Mediterranean Sea
(contact person: I. Taupier-Letage; P. Raimbault)
Oceanographic & biogeochemistry studies
See D. Lefèvre’s talk
IODA6000
on the L12
videomonitoring camera
 bioluminescence
+ Optical Module
D[O2]
SV
O2
MicroCAT CTD  T, S
O2 optode sensor (Aanderaa 3975)  [O2]
Hydrophones
100
videomonitoring camera
 bioluminescence
+ Optical Module
IODA6000 for ANTARES Line 12
2 O2 optode sensors: 1 external and 1 internal 435m from the bottom
IODA6000 : In situ Oxygen Dynamics Auto-sampler
25th level @ Z= 1935 m
EuroSITES project (EC FP7)
EuroSITES is a FP7 Collaborative Project (EC) which aims to form an integrated
European network of 11 deep-ocean (>1000m) observatories.
Oceanographic & biogeochemistry studies
IODA6000
on the L12
videomonitoring camera
 bioluminescence
+ Optical Module
D[O2]
SV
O2
MicroCAT CTD  T, S
O2 optode sensor (Aanderaa 3975)  [O2]
Hydrophones
100
videomonitoring camera
 bioluminescence
+ Optical Module
Oceanographic & biogeochemistry studies
IODA6000
on the L12
videomonitoring camera
 bioluminescence
+ Optical Module
D[O2]
SV
O2
MicroCAT CTD  T, S
O2 optode sensor (Aanderaa 3975)  [O2]
Hydrophones
100
videomonitoring camera
 bioluminescence
+ Optical Module
“MISTRALS”
(Mediterranean Integrated STudies at
Regional And Local Scales)
For ~ 2010-2020
MERMeX
MOOSE STRATEGY
Autonomous Line with a Broad Acoustic Transmission for
Research in Oceanography and Sea Sciences
(ALBATROSS)
Buoy
Depth
(meter)
Data
Transfer
500
•
•
•
•
•
•
CTD
IODA6000
Camera
ADCP
Transmissometer
…
1000
Data
Transfer
1500
2000
Dead weight
2500
•
•
•
Hydrodynamics
Water column
biogeochemistry
Marine Ecology
•
Geosciences
Autonomous Line with a Broad Acoustic Transmission for
Research in Oceanography and Sea Sciences
(ALBATROSS)
ALBATROSS
• Develop a tool for real time multi disciplinary science
• Flexibility to welcome any generic sensor
• Adjust time scale of maintenance according to sensors
characteristics
• Export the concept to other cabled site. This proposal intends
to demonstrate the necessity of well defined calibration
procedures. The final goal of the methodology is to be able to
compare measurements on different existing ESONET sites.
A Broad Acoustic Transmission for Research in Oceanography and Sea
Sciences
(ALBATROSS)
Depth
(meter)
Buoy
Inductive Data
Transfer
1000 BaseT Fx
500 VAC
From
ANTARES BJ
BJS
500
1000
1500
acoustic modem
Acoustic
Data
Transfer
Inductive Data
Transfer
100 Base T
400 VDC
2000
Acoustic
release
transponder
Acoustic transponder
(ANTARES acoustic field
for positioning during sea
operation)
Dead weight
MII
BJ  400 m BJS  50 m Acoustic Modem

2000 m
Line
2500
I have a dream…
MEUST du MEUST
Deep-ESP
WALLY
Thank you for your attention…
Oceanography and biogeochemistry around Antares
2007
POTES
2009
OPERA
1 Line
1 Depth
1 IODA
1 Microcat
1 Aquadopp
…
0 D, delayed mode
2009-2010
AAMIS
2010
2010-2011
DARK VADOR
1 Line
4 Depth
4 IODA
4 Microcat
4 Aquadopp
….
1 D delayed mode
2011 - 2020
ALBATROSS
1 Line
4 Depth
4 IODA
4 Microcat
4 Aquadopp
…
1 D real time Mode
ALBATROSS
NETWORK
3 or more Lines
4 Depth
4 IODA
4 Microcat
4 Aquadopp
…
3 D real time Mode
Instrumented mooring line (IL07)
IL 07
hydrophones
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CSTAR light transmission @ 660nm
CT = Conductivity-Temperature
SV = Sound Speed
ADCP = Currentmeter
GURALP seismometer
2 optical modules
1 Laser + 2 optical beacon
Acoustic positionning RxTx & Rx
In situ Dissolved oxygen
2 video cameras
+
3 floors equipped with acoustic detection
CT
14.5m
Camera
ADCP
OM
80m
C-Star
SV
CT
14.5m
hydrophones
O2
14.5m
hydrophones
C-Star
80m
Camera
OM
hydrophone
ADCP
98m
RxTx
Eric KAJFASZ – CPPM
26
“MISTRALS”
(Mediterranean Integrated STudies at Regional And Local Scales)
“MISTRALS” is a decadal project of systematic Observation.
It aims at understanding at the global change impact at a basin scale on the the
ecosystem functioning.
Using a multidisciplinary approach from 2010 till 2020.
It aims at simulating the mediterranean basin evolution for the next century in term of
human habitat, sustainability, and propose scenario for a better adaptation and/or
mitigation.
« MISTRALS » is a French initiative; to initiate a Euro-mediterranean project involving all
the Mediterranean countries.
MERMEX: Marine Ecosystems Response
in the Mediterranean Experiment (2010-2020),
(https://mermex.com.univ-mrs.fr/)
Response of the Med. Ecosystems to global change including temperature increase and
anthropogenic pressure (contaminants). This project is a component of ‘Chantier Mediterranée
Programme’ which comprises atmospheric chemistry (Charmex), hydrometeorology (HYMEX),
Biodiversity (Biodivmex), Paleomex…
PI : X. Durrieu de Madron, C. Guieu, R. Sempéré
MERMEX: Marine Ecosystems Response
in the Mediterranean Experiment (2010-2020)
• Scientific objectives
–
–
–
–
–
1. Circulation and basin scale nutrients budget
2. Biogeochemical and ecological processes
3. Intense natural and anthropogenic land-sea interactions
4. Natural and anthropogenic atmosphere-sea interactions
5. Societal and economical impacts sanitary, recreation,
resources)
Mediterranean Ocean Observing System on
Environment (MOOSE)
Objectives:
 Long term observatory network in the North Western Mediterranean
Sea
A tool for MISTRALS (Chantier Méditerranée) and operational
oceanography (SNOCO, Mercator-Coriolis)
 Multidisciplinary network of fixe station & mobile plateform
 Synergy between actors and mean of investigation
Life time >10 years
MOOSE Network
Objectives:
 Long term observatory network in the North Western Mediterranean
Sea
A tool for MISTRALS (Chantier Méditerranée) and operational
oceanography (SNOCO, Mercator-Coriolis)
 Multidisciplinary network of fixe station & mobile plateform
 Synergy between actors and mean of investigation
Life time >10 years
Sismology
IODA6000
on the L12
videomonitoring camera
 bioluminescence
+ Optical Module
D[O2]
SV
O2
MicroCAT CTD  T, S
O2 optode sensor (Aanderaa 3975)  [O2]
Hydrophones
100
videomonitoring camera
 bioluminescence
+ Optical Module
A videosurveillance camera to see macro-organisms
close to the ANTARES detectors Data output
AXIS221 videosurveillance
Good night view quality
Limit better than 0.1 lux (scene illumination)
Field of view up to 90 degree
Infrared capability
Control of external device
Web server integrated for real time imaging
Software for triggering and storing video
sequences
Ethernet
Power 9V, 5W
Videomonitoring camera  bioluminescence
SV
O2
100
IL07
J. Brunner
Towards an identification of deep-sea bioluminescent
macro-organisms close to the ANTARES detectors
From literature data
From PM of ANTARES
In collaboration with
S. Escoffier, J.J. Aubert (CPPM)
A.S. Cussat-Legras, A.F. Yao (COM)
The idea was to combine literature and PM of ANTARES data to assess the incidence of
events and the identification of the organism (at the group level).