Status of Mediterranean resources in European Waters in 2012 Results for stocks in GSA 1-29 (Mediterranean and Black Sea) By Max Cardinale* & Giacomo Chato Osio** *Chairman of STECF-SGMED ** EC JRC, Ispra, Italy Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se Status of Mediterranean resources in European Waters in 2012 Guidelines for the evaluation of stock status Terminology • Spawning stock biomass (SSB) is the biomass of the adult or reproducing fish • Fishing mortality (F) is the proportion of fish in the stock that are taken by the fisheries • FMSY is the F associated to high long term yields and the long-term sustainable exploitation of the stock • F/FMSY indicates how far each stock is from the MSY target Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se FAO GFCM sub-areas (GSA’s) Stock assessment Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se Historical trend of the assessed stocks 60 Assessment Forecast Number of stocks 50 Reference points 40 30 20 10 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year 2011 2012 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se Stock status compared to MSY 1.00 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se Stock status compared to MSY by year 1.00 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se Stock status compared to MSY by GSA Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se Stock status compared to MSY by GSA Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se Stock status compared to MSY by GSA Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se Stock status compared to MSY by groups Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se Effort trends by GSA and country Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se Unstandardized data from 2012 DCF datacall Effort trends by GSA and country Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se Unstandardized data from 2012 DCF datacall Effort trends OF otter trawlers Italy Greece Spain France Malta, Cyprus, Slovenia Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se Unstandardized data from 2012 DCF datacall Stock status in the last assessment year compared to STECF MSY GSA Common name Species 1 Blue and red shrimp Aristeus antentus 1 Hake Merluccius merluccius 1 Red mullet Mullus barbatus 5 Hake Merluccius merluccius 5 Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus 5 Octopus Octopus vulgaris 5 Striped red mullet Mullus surmuletus 6 Angler fish Lophius budegassa 6 Blue and red shrimp Aristeus antentus 6 Blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou 6 Hake Merluccius merluccius 6 Pink shrimp Parapeeus longirostris 6 Red mullet Mullus barbatus 7 White anglerfish Lophius budegassa 7 Hake Merluccius merluccius 7 Red mullet Mullus barbatus 9 Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus 9 Blackmouth catshark Galeus melastomus 9 Blue and red shrimp Aristeus antentus 9 Blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou 9 Common Pandora Pagellus erythrinus 9 Giant red shrimp Aristaeomorpha foliacea 9 Hake Merluccius merluccius 9 Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus 9 Pink shrimp Parapeeus longirostris 9 Poor cod Trisopterus minutus 9 Red mullet Mullus barbatus 9 Sardine Sardina pilchardus 9 Spottail mantis shrimp Squilla mantis 9 Striped red mullet Mullus surmuletus 2010-2011 % decrease in F Fcurr Fmsy 1.32 0.29 78 1.37 0.21 85 1.79 0.30 83 1.21 0.16 87 0.55 0.42 24 0.47 0.32 32 0.55 0.26 53 0.72 0.15 79 1.05 0.30 71 1.05 0.32 70 1.30 0.11 92 1.00 0.25 75 1.90 0.38 80 0.97 0.29 70 1.43 0.24 83 1.26 0.51 60 1.00 0.40 60 0.35 0.13 63 0.62 0.32 48 1.12 0.53 53 0.63 0.48 24 1.05 0.50 52 1.32 0.20 85 0.34 0.21 38 0.29 0.70 -141 0.90 0.74 18 0.59 0.47 20 0.41 0.40 2 1.24 0.54 56 0.56 0.31 45 GSA 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 16 16 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 18 22 22 25 29 29 29 29 15-16 15-16 15-16 15-16 Common name Species Hake Merluccius merluccius Pink shrimp Parapeeus longirostris Red mullet Mullus barbatus Spottail mantis shrimp Squilla mantis Giant red shrimp Aristaeomorpha foliacea Hake Merluccius merluccius Pink shrimp Parapeeus longirostris Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus Sardine Sardina pilchardus Common sole Solea solea Red mullet Mullus barbatus Sardine Sardi pilchardus Spottail mantis shrimp Squilla mantis Hake Merluccius merluccius Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus Pink shrimp Parapeeus longirostris Red mullet Mullus barbatus Spottail mantis shrimp Squilla mantis Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus Sardine Sardina pilchardus Picarel Spicara smaris Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus Sprat Sprattus sprattus Turbot Psetta maxima Whiting Merlangius merlangus Common Pandora Pagellus erythrinus Giant red shrimp Aristaeomorpha foliacea Red mullet Mullus barbatus Black bellied anglerfish Lophius budegassa 2010-2011 % decrease in F Fcurr Fmsy 0.63 1.11 1.01 1.08 0.98 0.69 0.69 0.50 0.17 1.20 0.71 0.39 1.00 0.86 0.54 1.45 1.50 1.04 0.38 0.48 0.08 0.62 0.38 0.70 0.59 0.72 1.09 1.30 0.30 0.17 0.60 0.40 0.41 0.49 0.26 0.49 0.40 0.40 0.26 0.36 0.40 0.30 0.21 0.30 0.70 0.50 0.27 0.40 0.40 0.31 0.41 0.40 0.18 0.40 0.30 0.40 0.45 0.16 Around 90% of analysed Mediterranean stocks are estimated to be exploited Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se unsustainably in 2010-2011 73 46 60 62 50 62 29 20 -135 78 49 -3 70 76 44 52 67 74 -5 17 -288 34 -5 74 32 58 63 65 47 Stock status in the last assessment year compared to GFCM MSY GSA Species 1 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 16 17 18 25 25 25 26 12-16 15-16 15-16 15-16 Merluccius merluccius Merluccius merluccius Mullus surmulletus Aristaeus antennatus Mullus barbatus Aristaeus antennatus Parapenaeus longirostris Merluccius merluccius Mullus barbatus Merluccius merluccius Mullus barbatus Mullus surmulletus Galeus melastomus Aristaeus antennatus Nephrops norvegicus Parapenaeus longirostris Raja asterias Raja clavata Scyliorhinus canicula Raja clavata Solea solea Merluccius merluccius Mullus barbatus Mullus surmulletus Boops boops Pagellus erythrinus Parapenaeus longirostris Mullus barbatus Pagellus erythrinus Aristaeomorpha foliacea Year period FMSY Fcurr FMSY /Fcurr Status % reduction in F 2002-2010 2001-2010 2001-2010 1992-2010 1995-2010 1996-2010 2001-2010 1998-2010 2004-2010 2005-2010 1994-2010 2009-2010 2009-2010 2009-2010 2006-2010 2006-2010 1994-2010 1994-2010 1994-2010 1994-2010 2005-2010 1994-2010 2005-2010 2009-2010 2005-2010 2006-2007 2007-2010 1994-2010 1994-2010 1994-2010 1.33 1.21 0.55 0.59 0.72 1.33 1.14 1.43 0.85 1.75 0.54 0.64 0.35 0.62 0.35 0.40 0.49 0.23 0.33 0.13 1.27 0.87 0.45 0.46 0.37 0.64 1.21 0.78 0.60 1.00 6.65 7.56 2.12 3.93 3.60 4.75 3.80 7.53 1.89 7.95 1.15 1.81 3.18 1.94 1.67 0.51 1.00 3.03 2.54 1.30 5.08 4.14 1.35 2.02 1.48 2.23 1.27 1.73 2.00 2.50 Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Sustainable Sustainable Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited Overexploited 85 87 53 75 72 79 74 87 47 87 13 45 69 48 40 -95 0 67 61 23 80 76 26 51 32 55 21 42 50 60 0.20 0.16 0.26 0.15 0.20 0.28 0.30 0.19 0.45 0.22 0.47 0.35 0.11 0.32 0.21 0.78 0.49 0.08 0.13 0.10 0.25 0.21 0.33 0.23 0.25 0.29 0.95 0.45 0.30 0.40 Around 93% of the analysed Mediterranean stocks are estimated to be Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences exploited unsustainably in 2007-2010 www.slu.se Recovery potential of Mediterranean stocks Hake GSA 06 10% reduction of F per year, MSY in 2020 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se Recovery potential of Mediterranean stocks Red Mullet GSA 06 10% reduction of F per year, MSY in 2015 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se Recovery potential of Mediterranean stocks Hake GSA 09 10% reduction of F per year, MSY in 2015 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se Current selectivity compared to the optimal one 20000 15000 300 Hake Gsa 7 200 10000 16000 Solea Gsa 17 250 12000 150 Sardine Gsa 22 8000 100 5000 4000 50 0 0 18.3 49.3 68.6 80.7 88.2 92.9 0 13.6 18.8 26.2 31.0 34.0 36.0 37.3 38.1 6.2 10.5 13.4 15.4 16.7 17.6 2000 Red mullet 1500 Gsa 6 1000 500 0 200 16000 Striped red mullet 150 Gsa 5 12000 100 8000 50 4000 0 3.8 17.9 26.1 30.2 32.3 33.4 33.9 13.0 18.9 24.8 80 400 60 Pink shrimp 300 Gsa 9 Norway lobster Gsa 9 40 200 20 100 0 29.1 32.1 34.3 21.3 36.5 47.3 55.0 Fopt FMSY Fcurr 60.5 64.4 9.3 19.6 30.4 36.3 0 35.9 0 2.5 39.6 Anchovy Gsa 7 9.4 11.0 13.4 15.1 16.3 17.1 800 700 Giant red shrimp 600 Gsa 16 500 400 300 200 100 0 16.5 30.3 40.4 47.9 53.4 57.5 60.5 62.7 64.3 65.5 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se Colloca, Cardinale et al. Fish and Fisheries, 2011 Changes in yield for different fishing selectivity regime 800 FMSY/Fcurr FLopt/Fcurr Demersal fish stocks 700 600 500 400 300 % 200 100 2 SR 5 M 05 SO L 17 M U 11 R M U 09 R R M U 07 06 M U R M U 05 R M U 01 R 9 M U R KE 1 6 H &1 15 10 H KE KE 09 H KE 07 H KE KE 06 H H -100 H KE 05 0 Colloca, Cardinale et al. Fish and Fisheries, 2011 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se Status of Mediterranean and Black Sea marine resources State of the art • State of knowledge on the Mediterranean and Black Sea stocks is improving rapidly • Between 90% and 93% of the stocks analysed is overexploited compared to FMSY • Current size at capture is much smaller than both L50 and Lopt • Reducing F will not reach MSY without changes in selectivity •Observed reduction in nominal effort did not result in a decline in F Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se Status of Mediterranean and Black Sea marine resources Immediate actions • Reduce F for all demersal fisheries through reduction in effort or/and catches • Implement a TAC system for small pelagics • Modify gear selectivity to move towards MSY • Several stocks are shared fisheries/stocks with non EU contries and thus a strong coordination and collaboration between GFCM-SAC and SGMED is crucial in the future Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se Status of Mediterranean and Black Sea marine resources Way forward • Changes in selectivity would increase the revenue of the fleet compared to both Fcurr and FMSY while assuring sustainable high long term yield • Size selective harvesting can achieve several of the objectives of EAFM and it would represent the natural step forward after the implementation of the MSY framework •Effort reduction have been, so far, inefficient to limit F •For small pelagics, TAC are considered by STECF the appropriate management measure Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se Assessment of Mediterranean marine resources Major data inconsistencies • The landings appear incompletely reported for some important part of the fleet (e.g. gillnetting and longlines) • Landings are often reported differently to different fora (FAO, EU, etc.) • Discard data are very scarce and thus rarely used in assessment • Time series are short and the reconstruction of historical data would be crucial to estimate biomass baselines for management • Collection of data, assessment and management should be at the stock unit level, which not necessarily match with the GSA classification Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences www.slu.se