Rosids
Geranium
nd

Rosids
• Diversity of the Rosids
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• 16 orders
137 families
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• Fabids - 77 families
Malvids – 60 families
1/3 of eudicot families
General traits:
• perianth – unfused parts
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•
• stamen # > K or C ovules bitegmic, crassinucellate
(well-developed nucellus)
Asterids have unitegmic, tenuinucellate ovules (poorly developed nucellus)

Rosids: Fabids
A. Order Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae -
Spurge family
245/6300 cosmopolitan
1) latex sap
2) usually monoecious
3) many xerophytic & cactoid
4) no perianth
5) cyathium in Euphorbia - a reduced cymose inflorescence bearing a pistillate flower and several staminate ones with in involucre, the whole mimicing a single perfect flower
(Greek-> wine cup)
6) schizocarp/capsule
7) many poisonous species
K 5(0) C 5(0) A 1∞ G (3) (2∞) superior

Rosids: Fabids
A. Order Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae -
Spurge family
Euphorbia pulcherrima - poinsettia
Euphorbia spp .
Euphorbia marginata – snow on the mountain
Ricinia - castor bean

Rosids: Fabids
A. Order Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae -
Spurge family convergent evolution
Euphorbia mammilaris
(Indian Corn Cob)
Euphorbia officinarum
Euphorbia horrida

Rosids: Fabids
A. Order Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae -
Spurge family
Economic Importance
1)
2)
3) tung oil (Aleurites fordii) natural rubber (Hevea
brasiliensis) cassava/manioc (Manihot
esculentus)
4)
5) castor bean oil & the poison ricin (Ricinus communis) ornamentals

Rosids: Fabids
B. Order Fabales
Family Fabaceae (=Leguminosae) - legume family
730/19,500 3rd largest family diverse and widely distributed
legumes
1) single carpel
2) compound, stipulate leaves
3) fruit a legume - dry, dehiscent along both sutures
4) many are nitrogen fixers - possessing nodules with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (a feature otherwise restricted to a few small families)

Rosids: Fabids
Fabaceae sensu lato (Leguminosae)
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Subfamily Mimosoideae 2,500 spp.
Subfamily Caesalpinioideae 2,700 spp.
Subfamily Papilionoideae 14,300 spp
• Mimosaceae
• Caesalpiniaceae
• Fabaceae sensu stricto

character symmetry petals stamen # leaves examples
Family Fabaceae
Mimosoideae Caesalpinioideae Paplionoideae actinomorphic valvate
(4) 10-many bipinnate
Acacia - acacia
Mimosa - mimosa, sensitive plant
Desmanthus - prairie mimosa
Prospopis - mesquite
+/- zygomorphic banner inside wings
10 (many) pinnate (simple)
Cercis - redbud
Cassia - senna
Gymnocladus dioica - Kentucky coffee tree
Caesalpinia - poinciana
Gleditsia - honey locust zygomorphic banner outside wings
10, often 9+1 pinnate, palmate, (simple)
Lupinus - lupine, bluebonnet (State Flower of Texas)
Amorpha - lead plant
Dalea - prairie clover
Trifolium - clover
K (5) C 5or(5) A 10∞ G 1 K 5 C 5 A 5-10 G 1 K (5) C (5) A( 9)+1 G 1

character symmetry petals stamen # leaves examples
Family Fabaceae
Mimosoideae Caesalpinioideae Paplionoideae actinomorphic valvate
(4) 10-many bipinnate
Acacia - acacia
Mimosa - mimosa, sensitive plant
Desmanthus - prairie mimosa
Prospopis - mesquite
+/- zygomorphic banner inside wings
10 (many) pinnate (simple)
Cercis - redbud
Cassia - senna
Gymnocladus dioica - Kentucky coffee tree
Caesalpinia - poinciana
Gleditsia - honey locust zygomorphic banner outside wings
10, often 9+1 pinnate, palmate, (simple)
Lupinus - lupine, bluebonnet (State Flower of Texas)
Amorpha - lead plant
Dalea - prairie clover
Trifolium - clover
K (5) C 5or(5) A 10∞ G 1 K 5 C 5 A 5-10 G 1 K (5) C (5) A( 9)+1 G 1

Rosids: Rosales
rose family
100/3,000 cosmopolitan, especially in N. America
K5 C5 A10
4-6 subfamilies
• 3 commonly occur in the US
ROSOIDEAE G1 
PRUNOIDEAE G1
MALOIDEAE G(5) epigynous

Rosaceae leaves hypanthium
Rosoideae compound; stipules conical receptacle; hypanthial cup perigynous
Prunoideae simple; deciduous stipules hyanthial cup ovary position carpel # fruit genera perigynous many; apocarpous monocarpellate achene, druplet, aggregate
Rosa
Potentilla
Rubus
Frageria
Prunus drupe
Maloideae simple; deciduous stipules adnate hypanthium epigynous pentacarpellate
Malus
Sorbus
Crataegus pome

Rosaceae Rosoideae G 
Rubus flower Rubus young aggregate fruit
Rubus mature aggregate fruit

Rosaceae Prunoideae G1
Prunus flower - note hypanthial cup
Prunus fruit (drupe)

Rosaceae Maloideae G(5)
Malus flower
Malus pome
Malus pome c.s.
Malus hypanthium
Malus pome l.s.

Rosids: Rosales
C. Order Rosales
Ulmaceae - elm family
18/150 temperate to tropical, especially in N hemisphere
1) trees and shrubs
2) oblique leaf base
Ulmus elm
Celtis hackberry

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Rosids: Rosales
C. Order Rosales
Moraceae - mulberry family
38/1100 widely distributed; Old and New World; tropical/subtropical trees, shrubs monoecious or dioecious milky latex stipulate leaves fruit often a multiple fruit

1)
2)
3)
Rosids: Rosales
C. Order Rosales
Urticaceae - nettle family
55/2600 cosmopolitan
4) herbs, shrubs, trees stinging hairs plants monoecious or dioecious pollen an allergen
Urtica

C. Order Rosales
Cannabaceae - hemp family
2/2 North temperate zone
Cannabis hemp, marijuana hemp pollen
Humulus - hops (used for brewing)
Whilst malt and yeast contribute substantially to the character of beers, the quality of beer is at least as much a function of the water and, especially, of the hops used in its production.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6) herbs hemp contains delta-9tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), psychoactive ingredient found in hashish and marijuana palmately compound leaves fibrous – source of hempen fiber hemp common allergen hops - brewing

Rosids: Rosales
D. Order Cucurbitales
Cucurbitaceae – cucumber family
122/900 tropical to subtropical
K5 C(5) A5 G0
K(5) C(5) A0 G(3)
1.
2.
3.
herbs, climbing with tendrils monoecious fruit a pepo

Rosids: Rosales
E. Order Fagales
Fagaceae – beech family
7/970 temperate & tropical region of N. hemisphere
1.
monoecious shrubs/trees
2.
staminate flowers in an erect or pendulous spike or head (ament)
3.
pistillate flowers in an involucre (think acorn cup here)
4.
Genera:
Quercus - oak
Castanea - chestnut
Fagus - beech

E. Order Fagales
Fagaceae - beech family
Economic Importance: lumber cork tannins
Food (acorns) historically
Quercus oak great species diversity hybridization common

Rosids: Rosales
E. Order Fagales
Fagaceae - beech family important components to woodlands of NA and Eurasia
Fagus beech

Rosids: Rosales
E. Order Fagales
Fagaceae - beech family
Castanea chestnut

Rosids: Rosales
E. Order Fagales
Fagaceae - beech family
Chestnut blight, or chestnut bark disease, is caused by an introduced fungus.
The fungus enters wounds, grows in and under the bark and eventually kills the cambium all the way around the twig, branch, or trunk.
Sprouts develop from a burl-like tissue at the base of the tree called the ‘ root collar, ’ which contains dormant embryos. Sprouts grow, become wounded and infected, and die, and the process starts all over again.
Cankers were first reported in the United States in 1904 on
American chestnut trees in New York City. None of the control attempts (chemical treatments, clearing and burning chestnut trees around infection sites) were successful.
By 1926 the fungus was reported throughout the native range of
American chestnut and a major forest tree had been reduced to a multiple-stemmed shrub. In 1912 the Plant Quarantine Act was passed to reduce the chances of such a catastrophe happening again.
Castanea chestnut

1.
2.
3.
Rosids: Rosales
E. Order Fagales
Betulaceae – birch family
6/170 widespread in N. hemisphere shrubs/trees biserrate leaf margin staminate and pistillate flowers in catkins
Corylus fruit - filbert
Alnus alder

Rosids: Rosales
Betulaceae – birch family
Betula birch

Rosids: Rosales
E. Order Fagales
Betulaceae – birch family
Birch – Finland ’ s national tree

Rosids: Rosales
E. Order Fagales
Betulaceae – birch family
Ostrya hophornbeam; ironwood

Rosids: Malvids
A. Order Geraniales
Geraniaceae Geranium family
7/800 temperate regions, especially Old World
K(5) C(5) A(5-15) G(5)
1) glandular trichomes
2) fruit = elastic shizocarp
3) mericarps split from base of ovary and curl upwards
(mericarp = pieces of schizocarp)
Geranium mericarpZ
Pelargonium - geranium

Rosids: Malvids K4 C4 A4+4 G(4) inferior with
B. Order Myrtales
Onagraceae hypanthium
-
Evening Primrose family
22/650 especially W. North America
1) tetramerous floral parts
2) epigyny
3) tubular hypanthium
4) internal phloem - 1 ° phloem that lies between the 1 ° xylem & pith
5) moth pollination common
(white or yellow corolla)
6) comose seeds

Rosids: Malvids
B. Order Myrtales
Onagraceae -
Evening Primrose family
Epilobium - fireweed

Rosids: Malvids
-
Evening
Primrose family
Gaura - butterfly weed

Rosids: Malvids
-
Evening Primrose family
Oenothera - evening primrose

Rosids: Malvids
K4 C 4 A4+2 G(2), superior
C. Order Brassicales
Brassicaceae (=Cruciferae) - Mustard Family
321/3700 cosmopolitan
1) tetradynamous stamens
4 long + 2 short

Rosids: Malvids
C. Order Brassicales
Brassicaceae (=Cruciferae) -
Mustard Family
1) tetradynamous stamens
4 long + 2 short
2) fruit
• bicarpellate gynoecium
• walls peel awayfrom a thin central papery partition
(false septum with replum – persistent cross-wall) a) silicle
2X long as wide or less

Rosids: Malvids
C. Order Brassicales
Brassicaceae (=Cruciferae) -
Mustard Family
1) tetradynamous stamens
4 long + 2 short
2) fruit
• bicarpellate gynoecium
• walls peel awayfrom a thin central papery partition
(false septum with replum – persistent cross-wall) b) silique long and slender

Rosids: Malvids
C. Order Brassicales
Brassicaceae (=Cruciferae) -
Mustard Family

Rosids: Malvids
D. Order Malvales
Malvaceae - Mallow Family
250/4200 worldwide, tropics
1) monadelphous androecium many stamens, separate anthers, filaments fused into a sheath
2) stellate pubescence
3) discoid stigma
4) fruit a capsule or shizocarp stellate hairs
K(5) C5 A(5∞) G(2-∞) superior shizocarp monadelphous stamens
H. esculentus - okra) marshmallow

Rosids: Malvids
D. Order Malvales
Malvaceae - Mallow Family
Gossypium - cotton

Rosids: Malvids
D. Order Malvales
Malvaceae - Mallow Family
Callirhoe - poppy mallow
Abutilon - velvet leaf
Malva neglecta - common mallow

Rosids: Malvids
D. Order Malvales
Malvaceae (Tiliaceae) –
Linden (Basswood)
• few temperate species
Tilia americana- basswood

Rosids: Malvids
E. Order Sapindales
Rutaceae Citrus family
161/1900 tropical & temperate
1) glandular punctate leaves, secretory glands containing essential oils
2) woody
3) aromatic
4) staminal disk
5) hesperidium/winged achene
Citrus - citrus
Ptelea - hop tree

E. Order Sapindales
Rutaceae Citrus family

Rosids: Malvids
E. Order Sapindales
Anacardiaceae Cashew family
70/850 tropical
1) shrubs/woody vines/trees
2) Rhus &
Toxicodendron in temperate areas
3) resinous compounds in stems/leaves
4) skin irritant in
Toxicodendron
Pistacia - pistachio
Anacardium - cashew
Mangifera - mango
Rhus - sumac
Toxicodendron - poison ivy, poison oak

Rosids: Malvids
E. Order Sapindales
Sapindaceae (Aceraceae) -
Maple family
135/1580 tropical
& temperate
1) trees or shrubs
2) opposite palmately lobed and veined leaves (pinnate in A. negundo)
3) fruits paired winged schizocarps = samara
Acer negundo - box elder
Acer - maple

Rosids: Malvids
E. Order Sapindales
Sapindaceae (Hippocastanaceae)
Buckeye family
1) trees
2) opposite palmately compound leaves
3) flowers in conspicuous inflorescences
4) fruit a leathery
1-2 seeded capsule
Aesculus hippocastanum horsechestnut