Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
Cory Breaux
Ebola Hemorrhagic fever is a disease caused by any
of the four virulent strains of the Ebola virus
http://students.cis.uab.edu/sajayi11/e
bola_1.jpg
Hemorrhagic fevers are diseases
causing excessive bleeding, fever, and
frequently death
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Other Hemorrhagic diseases include yellow fever,
Dengue fever and Marburg virus
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/PHIL_2176_lores.jpg
Ebola is a member of the filovirus family, which
was first identified in 1967
http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/
content/14/8/800.long
The natural reservoir is unknown, although
some species of bats carry the virus
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rg/writable/rich_text_editor/im
ages/hammer_headed_bat.jpg
The virus particle, recognized by “Shepherd’s
crook” shape, contains a single DNA strand
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ebola.jpg
The first outbreak of Ebola was 1976 in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
https://eee.uci.edu/clients/bjbecker/PlaguesandPeop
le/week10d.html
All outbreaks have been in sub-Saharan Africa,
and have been small (<318 cases)
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/sp
b/images/ebola/ebolamap.jpg
There have been 3 incidences of
exposure in the US, but all have
occurred in labs
It is transmitted from
animals to humans or
human to human via
bodily fluids
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/i
cposters/index.htm
Thus, healthcare workers
are at the greatest risk for
acquiring the disease
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/i
cposters/index.htm
Ebola enters the body via mucous membranes,
skin abrasions or contaminated needles
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/lw/2.0/ht
ml/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?ti
tle=Click%20on%20image%20to%20zoom&p=
PMC3&id=2615158_DMM000471F1.jpg
• Earliest symptoms are flu-like
• Around day 5, characteristic rash appears
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g/encyclopedia/graphics/
images/en/17160.jpg
Infection then becomes systemic, leads to
apoptosis, hemorrhage, shock and death
• There is no treatment available –
only containment stops spread
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.jpg
No vaccine currently exists, and the disease is
difficult to distinguish early in an outbreak
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rights.org/assets/images/p
anzi-ward.jpg
Lethality makes
research difficult in the
lab and speed makes it
difficult to assess
epidemiologically
during outbreaks
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ons/8/8e/Positive-pressure_biosafety_suit.jpg
References
•
Bente, D., J. Gren, J. E. Strong, and H. Feldmann. "Disease Modeling for Ebola and Marburg Viruses." Disease Models and Mechanisms
2.1-2 (2009): 12-17. PubMed. National Institutes of Health. Web. 30 Oct. 2012.
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2615158/>.
•
"Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever." World Health Organization, Aug. 2012. Web. 30 Oct. 2012.
<http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/index.html>.
•
"Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Information Packet." CDC Special Pathogens Branch - Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever. Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, 2009. Web. 30 Oct. 2012.
<http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/Fact_Sheets/Ebola_Fact_Booklet.pdf>.
•
"Filoviruses." CDC Special Pathogens Branch. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2012.
<http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/filoviruses.htm>.
•
"Interim Guidance for Managing Patients with Suspected Viral Hemorrhagic Fever in U.S. Hospitals." CDC Special Pathogens Branch Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 19 May 2005. Web. 30 Oct. 2012.
<http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/pdf/vhf-interim-guidance.pdf>.
•
Rollin, Pierre E. "Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers." CDC Yellow Book 2012. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 July 2011. Web. 30
Oct. 2012. <http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2012/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/viral-hemorrhagicfevers.htm>.
•
Suzuki, Y., Gojobori, T. “The Origin and Evolution of Ebola and Marburg Viruses.” Mol Biol Evol 14(8) (1997): 800-806. PubMed. National
Institutes of Health. Web. 6 November 2012. <http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/8/800.long>.
•
Zampieri, Carisa A., Nancy J. Sullivan, and Gary J. Nabel. "Immunopathology of Highly Virulent Pathogens: Insights from Ebola Virus."
Nature Immunology 8.11 (2007): 1159-164. Academic OneFile. Gale Cengage Learning. Web. 30 Oct. 2012.
<http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?action=interpret&id=GALE%7CA190699659&v=2.1&u=unc_main&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&authCount=
1>.