HOW TO BUILD LOCAL AND REGIONAL
INNOVATION-ORIENTED ECOSYSTEMS
Marcin Baron
TAFTIE Expert session “Innovation-oriented ecosystems”
September 10, 2014, Gdynia, Poland
Marcin Baron:
Partner at InnoCo
Fellow of the University of Economics in Katowice (Department of Strategic and Regional Studies)
Member of Regional Studies Association and International Society for Professional Innovation Management
Appointed to Polish Academy of Sciences Task Force on Regional & Spatial Policy in Poland and Europe
Co-author of Regional Innovation Strategy of Silesia (PL) and several innovation policy documents
baron@innoco-team.com +48506035345 www.innoco-team.com
So… we want ecosystems…
Don’t think it’s Nature.
It’s HBR !
The fairly old one…
Harvard Business Review, May-June 1993
drawing by Traian Filip
If there are predators
who’s gonna be a prey?
{Camera switch. Mufasa and Simba are out walking on the
savannah.}
Mufasa: Everything you see exists together, in a delicate
balance. As king, you need to understand that balance,
and respect all the creatures-- from the crawling ant to
the leaping antelope.
Simba: But, Dad, don't we eat the antelope?
Mufasa: Yes, Simba, but let me explain. When we die, our
bodies become the grass. And the antelope eat the grass.
And so we are all connected in the great Circle of Life.
{Camera switch. Mufasa and Simba are out
walking on the savannah.}
Mufasa: Everything you see exists together,
in a delicate balance. As king, you need to
understand that balance, and respect all
the creatures-- from the crawling ant to
the leaping antelope.
The Walt Disney Co.
1984, 1994
Simba: But, Dad, don't we eat the antelope?
Mufasa:
When we
And the
are all
Yes, Simba, but let me explain.
die, our bodies become the grass.
antelope eat the grass. And so we
connected in the great
Circle of Life.
The principal learning:
The Birth
of Business Ecosystems
Bet on a seed innovation
that can lead to
revolutionary products.
Discover the right customer
value proposition.
Design a business that can
serve the potential market.
J.F.Moore, Predators and Prey: A New Ecology of Competition, Harvard Business Review, May-June 1993
Remark no.1:
Business ecosystems
come from business (not policy)
and are for business.
As seen in 1993:
For example, Apple Computer is the leader of an
ecosystem that crosses at least four major industries:
personal computers, consumer electronics, information, and
communications. The Apple ecosystem encompasses an
extended web of suppliers that includes Motorola and Sony
and a large number of customers in various market
segments.
Apple, IBM, Ford, Wal-Mart, and Merck have all been
or still are the leaders of business ecosystems. While the
center may shift over time, the role of the leader is valued by
the rest of the community. Such leadership enables all
ecosystem members to invest toward a shared future in
which they anticipate profiting together.
J.F.Moore, Predators and Prey: A New Ecology of Competition, Harvard Business Review, May-June 1993
Remark no.2:
Every stick has two ends. But
contemporary ecosystems have
three perspectives.
The micro- perspective:
M.A.Carpenter, Wm.G.Sanders, Strategic Management - a Dynamic Perspective, Pearson 2007
The meso- perspective:
M.A.Carpenter, Wm.G.Sanders,
Strategic Management - a Dynamic
Perspective, Pearson 2007
The macro- perspective:
• State policy / state regional policy:
• National (smart) specialisations
• Structural policy
• Sectoral policy
• (Intra-) regional policy:
• Regional (smart) specialisations; clusters etc.
• Attracting investors
• …
What drives policy makers and policy recipients?
•
•
State policy / state regional policy:
•
National (smart) specialisations
•
Structural policy
•
Sectoral policy
(Intra) regional policy:
• Regional (smart) specialisations; clusters etc.
•
Attracting investors
•
…
Typology of regional innovation systems:
• Grassroots RISs
are characterised by local initiatives, diffuse
funding, applied, near-market research, low level of technological specialisation and local coordination.
• Network RISs
can be initiated at several levels: local, regional, federal
or governmental. Consequently, funding is more likely to be agreed by banks, firms and
government agencies. The research is mixed, aimed at both applied and ‘pure’ technology
with flexible specialisation give the wide range of participants.
• Dirigiste RISs
are more animated from outside and above the region
itself, initiated and funded typically by central governments. The research is rather basic or
fundamental, to be used in large firms in or beyond the region in question. As it is state-run,
the level of co-ordination is high and the level of specialisation is also likely to be high.
R.L.Martin, A Study on the Factors of Regional Competitiveness, A draft final report for The European Commission DirectorateGeneral Regional Policy, 2003
Remark no.3:
Mind the ‘Circle of Life’.
As seen in 1993:
A business ecosystem, like its biological counterpart,
gradually moves from a random collection of elements to a
more structured community. Think of a prairie grassland
that is succeeded by stands of conifers, which in turn evolve
into a more complex forest dominated by hardwoods.
Business ecosystems condense out of the original swirl of
capital, customer interest, and talent generated by a new
innovation, just as successful species spring from the
natural resources of sunlight, water, and soil nutrients.
J.F.Moore, Predators and Prey: A New Ecology of Competition, Harvard Business Review, May-June 1993
J.F.Moore, Predators and Prey: A New Ecology of Competition, Harvard Business Review, May-June 1993
Remark no.4:
There’s no one-size-fits-all
solution.
Accept and allow different arrangements.
Don’t believe in models too much!
M.A.Carpenter, Wm.G.Sanders, Strategic Management - a Dynamic Perspective, Pearson 2007
M.Baron, Analiza aktorów regionalnego ekosystemu innowacji, in press
Animator’s role
institution
Animator’s role
person
M.Baron, Regional innovation ecosystem’s actors analysis, in press
Remark no.5:
Names will change. Change
leaders do their job anyway.
Do you like it?
W.Vanhaverbeke, From open innovation to innovation ecosystems, presentation of 6 May 2014, SlideShare
Chesbrough and
Vanhaverbeke
already
‘killed’
the OI
we know.
W.Vanhaverbeke, From open innovation to innovation ecosystems, presentation of 6 May 2014, SlideShare
M.Curley, B.Salmelin, Open Innovation 2.0: A New Paradigm, EU Open Innovation Strategy and Policy Group 2013
M.Curley, B.Salmelin, Open Innovation 2.0: A New Paradigm, EU Open Innovation Strategy and Policy Group 2013
M.Curley, B.Salmelin, Open Innovation 2.0: A New Paradigm, EU Open Innovation Strategy and Policy Group 2013
And what’s your label?
How do you approach?
Management
Economics,
Regional Science
Business (R&D) model
perspective
Territorial
perspective
Business model canvas
Value chain
Open innovation
Networking
Industrial districts
Innovation milieux
Competitiveness (techno) poles
Regional innovation systems
Does it really
matter?
And what’s your label?
How do you approach?
It really does
matter!
Remark no.6:
Prahalad and Krishnan might
change your understanding.
R=G n=1
C.K.Prahalad, M.S.Krishnan, The New Age of Innovation: Driving Cocreated Value Through Global Networks, McGraw-Hill 2008
R=G n=1
Whether we like or dislike it
regional dimension
is not fancy any longer…
But sound business will always be promising!
How about being local for global value chains?
Remark no.7:
Big policy programmes change the
rules of the game. Make them
supportive!
In Poland:
• National Science Centre
• The National Centre for Research and
Development
Again,
thinking that regional economy calls
for mainly regionally bound
policy instruments is a common mistake.
What do we want ?
Don’t know !
When do we want it ?
Now !
Exemplary
policy
approach
Regional Innovation Strategy of the Śląskie Voivodeship for the years 2013-2020, Katowice 2012
Regional Innovation Strategy of the Śląskie Voivodeship for the years 2013-2020, Katowice 2012
Regional Innovation Strategy of the Śląskie Voivodeship for the years 2013-2020, Katowice 2012
Regional Innovation Strategy of the Śląskie Voivodeship for the years 2013-2020, Katowice 2012
Thank you for your attention.
Feel free to ask & discuss !