IPM of tomato and paprika on
open field production
WHAT IS IPM
• Integrated pest management (IPM) is an
approach to controlling pest which
emphasizes minimizing crop loss by all
means at the growers disposal including
the use of resistant and tolerant varieties,
cultural methods, biological control, insect
growth regulators and pheromones,
genetic methods, and judicious application
of chemicals (Davis et al. 1998, Pernezni
et al. 1996)
WHAT IS THE GOAL OF IPM
• The ultimate goal of IPM is to insure
sustainable production of abundant high
quality food using environmentally and
economically sound methods (Davis et al.
1998)
PREPLANTING ACTIVITIES
• Select field considering soil, microclimate,
cropping and pest history and surrounding crops
• Take a preplant soil sample for nutrient and
salinity analysis and for pest presence
• Select tomato or paprika variety considering pest
danger
• Soil preparation: plowing, field leveling, soil
sterilization, preparation for irrigation
• Monitor seedling production
PLANTING ACTIVITIES
• Before planting inspect young plants for
presence of pests (diseases, insects,
weeds)
• Apply fertilizers and root shields at
planting
• Check surrounding area for pest presence
AFTER PLANTING ACTIVITIES
START MONITORING
DAMPING-OF
• CULTURAL MESURES
– Proper seedbed
preparation
– Use healthy seed
– Good water
management
– Proper field preparation
DAMPING-OF
• NATURAL ENEMIES
– Trichoderma
harsianum
– T. viride
– Pseudomonas
fluorescens A506
• PESTICIDES
– Benomil
– Propamocarb
FUSARIUM WILT
• CULTURAL MESURES
– Use resistant varieties
– Clean equipment to
reduce transfer
– Drip irrigation
– Keep records for next
year management
practice
FUSARIUM WILT
• NATURAL ENEMIES
• PESTICIDES
– Trichoderma
harsianum
– T. viride
– Pseudomonas
fluorescens A506
– Benomil
VERTICILLIUM WILT
• CULTURAL MESURES
– Use resistant varieties
– Clean equipment to
reduce transfer
– Drip irrigation
– Remove infected plants
– Keep records for next
year management
practice
– Soil solarization
VERTICILLIUM WILT
• NATURAL ENEMIES
– Trichoderma
harsianum
– T. viride
– Pseudomonas
fluorescens A506
EARLY BLIGHT
• CULTURAL MESURES
– Use of healthy seedling
material
– Seedbed disinfection
– Use of crop rotation
– Remove infected plants
– Keep records for next
year management
practice
EARLY BLIGHT
• PESTICIDES
–
–
–
–
copper fungicides
mankozeb
diphenkonazol
metiram
LATE BLIGHT
LATE BLIGHT
• CULTURAL MESURES
– Use of healthy seedling
material
– Use of crop rotation
– Use drip irrigation
– Keep records for next
year management
practice
• PESTICIDES
–
–
–
–
–
copper fungicides
mankozeb
metalaksil
metiram
dimethomorph +
mankozeb
– benalaksil +
mankozeb
– oksadiksil + mankozeb
TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS
TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS
• CULTURAL MESURES
–
–
–
–
–
–
Remove infected plants
Use reflective mulches
Use of crop rotation
Weed management
Insect (thrips) control
Use of virus-free
seedling material
CUTWORMS
• CULTURAL MESURES
– Manage weeds on
previous crop
– Make check before
planting
– Good weed management
during production
CUTWORMS
• NATURAL ENEMIES
– Calosoma sp.
– Cicindela
• PESTICIDES
–
–
–
–
Chlorpirifos
Chlorpirifos-metil
Methiocarb
Insecticide bait
WHITEFLIES
• CULTURAL MESURES
– Clean planting material
– Yellow sticky trap
WHITEFLIES
• NATURAL ENEMIES
–
–
–
–
Encarsia formosa
Eretmocerus eremicus
E. mundus
Macrolophus
caliginosus
– Delphastus catalinae
– Amblyseius swirskii
– Verticillium lecanii
• PESTICIDES
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Alpha-cipermetrin
Beta-ciflutrin
Bifentrin
Buprofezin
Oksamil
Triazamat
Pymetrozin
Imidacloprid
Spinosad
APHIDS
• CULTURAL MESURES
– Clean planting material
– Yellow sticky trap
APHIDS
• NATURAL ENEMIES
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Aphidoletes aphidimyza
Adalia bipunctata
Chrisoperla carnea
Episyrphus balteatus
Aphidius colemani
A. ervi
Aphelinus abdominalis
Verticilium lecanii
• PESTICIDES
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Alfa-cipermetrin
Acetamiprid
Dimethoate
Metomil
Oksamil
Thiacloprid
Pymetrozin
Chlorpirifos
Imidacloprid
BEET ARMYWORM
• CULTURAL MESURES
– Pheromone traps
– Light traps
– Scouting for eggs
BEET ARMYWORM
• NATURAL ENEMIES
– Trichogramma
brassicae
– Eulophus sp.
– Cotesia plutellae
– Macrolophu
caliginosus
– Nesidiocoris tenuis
– Bacillus thurigiensis
• PESTICIDES
–
–
–
–
–
–
Alfa-cipermetrin
Lambda-cihalotrin
Novaluron
Diflubenzuron
Methomil
Lufenuron
TOMATO FRUITWORM
• CULTURAL MESURES
– Pheromone traps
– Light traps
– Scouting for eggs
TOMATO FRUITWORM
• NATURAL ENEMIES
– Trichogramma
brassicae
– Eulophus sp.
– Cotesia plutellae
– Macrolophu
caliginosus
– Nesidiocoris tenuis
– Bacillus thurigiensis
• PESTICIDES
–
–
–
–
–
–
Alfa-cipermetrin
Lambda-cihalotrin
Novaluron
Diflubenzuron
Methomil
Lufenuron