COLLECTION
Planning the waste collection system
 Factors need to be consider:

population distribution & density

topography & road layout

characteristic of the waste & quantity

disposal method used

weather condition

type & number vehicles available

number of location of transfer station

road design
Collection of solid waste
 The term collection included:

picking up of solid waste from the sources,

hauling of wastes to the location where the contents
of the collection vehicle are emptied

The unloading of collection vehicle is also consider
part of the collection operation.
Con’t….
 Activities associated with hauling and
unloading similar for most collection system
 The gathering or picking up of SW vary with
the characteristic of:

the facilities.

Activities.

location where wastes are generated.

method use for storage of accumulated wastes
between collections.
Con’t….
 Collection in an urban area is difficult and complex:

Development of urban and sub-urban

Generation become more diffuse & quantity of
waste increases.
 The responsible of the municipal or district council
the privet waste management companies.
Low-rise detach dwelling (commingled)
 Manual method use for collection residential waste
include:

The direct lifting & carrying of loaded containers to
the collection vehicle.

The rolling the loaded containers on their rims to
the collection vehicle

The use of small lifts for rolling loaded to the
collection vehicle.
Con’t….
 The method of waste collection will influence
the quality and quantity of recovered material
and the mode of disposal.
 Basically, four common types of residential
collection service
 curb
 alley
 setout-setback
 setout
Con’t….
Curb
 Door to door collection
 Homeowner responsible for placing the
containers.
 Most common method in Malaysia
 Terrace houses or link houses
 material collected from the home by the
collection crew
Con’t….
 In other case the collection vehicle equipped
with auxiliary container – then emptied to
the collection vehicle
 The use of small satellite vehicles
 The empty bins are taken back by the owners
Con’t….
 Disadvantages:

the bins are messed up by scavengers

bin are stolen

animal sometimes mess up the bins –
looking for food
Con’t….
Alley
 Door to collection
 Also call back lane collection
 Commonly used in many part of Asia
Con’t….
Setout-setback
 Door to collection
 Containers are set out from homeowner’s
property and set back after emptied by
additional crew.
 Use two groups of collectors
 Faster
Con’t….
Setout
 Door to collection
 Same as setout-setback except:
 Homeowners is responsible to return the
container to storage location.
 Individual house collection

bungalow
Con’t….
Manual methods
 Manual methods used for the collection of
residential waste include:

The direct lifting & carrying of loaded containers to
vehicle

Rolling the loaded container to the vehicle

Use small lift for rolling loaded container
Low- and Medium-rise Apartments
 Curbside collection is common for most low-
and medium-rise apartments.
 Maintenance staff is responsible for
transporting the containers to the street for
curb collection
 If large containers are used, the collection
vehicle will equipped with unloading
mechanisms.
High-rise Apartments
 Usually large containers are used to collect
wastes large apartment building.
 The contents of the containers may be
emptied mechanically or may be hauled to
an off-site location.
Commercial & industrial Facilities
 Manual & mechanical means are used to collect
wastes.
 In many large cities solid wastes are collected
early morning or late evening
 Plastic bag, cardboard boxes and other disposal
container are used in manual collection.
 Collection usually accomplished with three or
four person crew
Con’t….
 containers usually used are:


Movable containers

Container that can be couple to large stationary
compactor

Large capacity open top containers
Collection of waste (separated at source)
 Must be collect gathered together before they
can be recycle.
 The method of collection include:

Curbside collection using conventional / special designed
collection vehicle

Incidental curb collection

Delivery by homeowners to drop-off & buy-back centers.
Residential (curbside collection)
 Recyclable materials are collected separately
from commingled waste.
 Some programs require residents to separate
several different material & store in their own
containers.
 Other programs only one or two containers to
store commingled recyclable.
 The vehicle used are for collect the separated
waste are:

standard collection vehicle

specialized collection vehicle.
Type of Collection System
 The system used may classified from several
points of view such as:

The mode of operation.

Equipment use

Type of waste collected
 collection system have been classified
according to their mode of operation into two
categories.

Hauled container systems (HCS)

Stationery container systems (SCS)
Cont’….
Hauled Container Systems (HCS)
 Suitable for removal of waste where the rate of
generation is high.
 The use of large containers reduce handling
time, / unsightly accumulations and unsanitary
conditions.
 Container size and utilization are great economic
importance
 The advantages:

is the flexibility – many different sizes & shapes for the
collection all types of waste.

Require one truck & driver to accomplish the collection cycle

The economy advantage
 Disadvantage

the use of vary large containers leads to low-volume utilization
unless loading aids provided.
Cont’….
 Three types of haul container system:



Hoist truck
tilt-frame container
Trash trailer
Cont’….
Hoist truck systems
 container size from 0.2 to 10 cu3 (2 to 12 yd3)
 Applicable in only limited cases which are:

For small operation and collects from a few pickup
points

For the collection of bulky item and industrial rubbish
Con’t….
Tilt-frame container
 Widely use especially among private collectors
 Used tilt frame loaded vehicle and large
containers.
 Suitable for collection of all types of solid
waste rubbish.
 Various type of large containers are available
for use with these vehicles

Open-top containers are used at warehouse and
construction sites

Large containers in conjunction with stationary
compactors are common at apartment, commercial,
and transfer station.
Trash trailer
 Similar to tilt frame container system
 Better for the collection heavy rubbish & often used
for the demolition waste.
Con’t….
 Pneumatic and hydraulic system

More complex than hydraulic systems.

Use low pressure air and vacuum conduit system to
transport rubbish through underground pipe

transport wastes from high density apartments or
commercial activities to central location for
processing.

Reduces traveling time & increases the waste
collection efficiency & minimize management
cost.

Hydraulic transports is being used for the
transport of food wastes

The major problem of this method is the / waste
water used for transporting the wastes must be
treated.

This system practical in areas where proper
processing facilities are incorporated into
treatment system.
Automated pneumatic waste collection & disposal
Con’t….
Routes of Collection
 The guideline should be taken in to
consideration when design the layout the
collection routes:

Existing policies and regulations
 the
number & arrangement of the containers
 Frequency
of collection
 Existing
system characteristic
 the number crew
 Vehicle
 Begin
type
and end should be near arterial
street.

In hilly area:
 Should
start at the top and proceed
downhill as the vehicle become loaded
 The
last container to be collected must be
located nearest to the disposal site
 Traffic
congested location
 Should
 Sources
be collect as early in the day
at extremely large quantities
 Serviced
during the first part of the day
 Scattered
pickup points
 the
number & arrangement of the
containers
 distance
between containers
 number
of block & arrangement
Layout of collection routes
 The general steps involved in establishing
route include:

Preparation of location maps

Data analysis

Preliminary layout of routes

Evaluation of the preliminary routes & the development
of balanced route by successive trials
Collection routes Layout – Step1
 Map of the commercial, industrial, or resident
housing area to be serve.
 Plot the solid waste pickup point:

Location
Collection frequency

Number of containers

 Enter on the map the estimate quantity of
waste at each pickup location (if use
mechanically loaded containers)
Con’t….
 For residential sources - assume that
approximately the same average quantity
number of homes per block will be shown
 Use the tracing paper once the basic data
have been entered on the work map
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