INDIA’S INITIATIVES & POLICIES
FOR
ORGANIZED COLLECTION &
ECO-RECYCLING OF USED LEAD BATTERIES
ECAC
Consultation
Workshop
29 June 2010
Kolkata
L Pugazhenthy
Executive Director
India Lead Zinc Development Association
GLOBAL
LEAD USE FOR BATTERIES
Consumtion ('000 tonnes)
7,000.0
6,000.0
5,000.0
4,000.0
3,000.0
2,000.0
1,000.0
0.0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
LEAD USAGE IN BATTERIES
– BRAZIL, INDIA & KOREA
Source: ILZSG
INDIA’S LEAD DEMAND
– GROWTH TRENDS
Demand Galloping:
– Increased auto production
– Telecom growth
– Power invertors
– UPS for computers
– Solar energy, wind mills etc.,
– Electric vehicles / scooters
– Miscellaneous sectors
WESTERN WORLD REFINED
LEAD PRODUCTION
1990
Source: ILZSG
2009
- - - Primary
Secondary
EVOLUTION OF
LEAD RECYCLING IN INDIA
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Lead, traditionally imported
Tight FE reserves situation
Acute metal availability
Lead recycling commenced
Recycling mushroomed
Largely backyard smelting
Thrust on env. policies & concerns
Emphasis on environment friendly recycling
MoEF’s Initiatives
(1997 – 1999)
• Public notification, regulating
non ferrous scrap auctions
• Registration of eco-friendly
recyclers / reprocessors
• Communications to bulk
consumers
• Media advertisement
Battery (Management & Handling)
Rules 2001
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ILZDA Recycling Conference, 1998
Core Group
Draft notified, 2000
Final notification, 2001
Dealers to furnish returns to mfrs.
Battery mfrs. to report to SPCBs/PCCs
SPCBs/SPCCs to file annual returns
with CPCB (30th April)
• Computerized tracking of batteries and
recycled lead
• National inventory
Battery (Management & Handling)
Rules 2001
SALIENT FEATURES
All Stakeholders
(Manufacture, Process, Sale, Purchase, Import, Use)
– Manufacturer
– Importer
– Reconditioner
– Assembler
– Dealer
– Recycler
– Auctioneer
– Consumer (Individual & Bulk)
RESPONSIBILITIES
Manufacturer, Importer, Assembler & Reconditioner
- Ensure collection, “one to one basis”
(excludes bulk consumer sales & OEM sales)
-
Similar types & specifications
File half yearly returns (30th June & 31st Dec)
Set up collection centres individually or jointly
Despatch to registered recyclers with safe transportation
Create awareness
Use recycling logo prominently
Buy recycled lead from registered recyclers
Bring any violation to SPCBs /CPCB/ MoEF
RESPONSIBILITIES
Importer
• Get Registered with MoEF (Form II)
• Customs clearance subject to
– Registration, Form II
– Undertaking, Form III
– Half Yearly Returns, Form IV
RESPONSIBILITIES
Dealer
– Ensure collection, “one to one basis”
– Appropriate discounts / prices
– Similar types & specifications
– File half yearly returns (Form V)
31st May & 30th Nov
– Safe transportation to collection centres or
registered recyclers
– No damage to environment during storage
and transportation
RESPONSIBILITIES
Recycler
– Apply for registration with CPCB (Form VI)
(valid consents, authorization, DIC / SPCB
certificate on capacity, DIC registration)
– Ensure strict compliance
– Submit annual returns (Form VII)
– Make records available for inspection
– Mark “Recycled Lead”
– Create awareness
RESPONSIBILITIES
Bulk Consumer
– Not to dispose off in any manner
– Auction to regd. recyclers only
– Deposit batteries with the manufacturer,
dealer, importer, reconditioner, assembler,
regd. recyclers, collection centres
– File half yearly returns (Form VIII) to
SPCBs / SPCCs
RESPONSIBILITIES
Auctioneer
– Auction to regd. recyclers only
– File half yearly return (Form IX) SPCB
/ SPCC
– Maintain records and make them
available for inspection
COLLECTION TARGETS
• I Year (2002)
50% (of new Batteries)
• II Year (2003)
75%
• After II year
90%
BATTERIES
(MANAGEMENT & HANDLING)
AMENDMENT RULES 2010
1. Bulk Consumer Defined
2. Registration of Dealers
3. Registration of Importers
REGISTRATION OF DEALERS
• To get registered with SPCBs
• Registration for five years
Cancellation of Registration
• Failure to collect the required number of
used batteries
• Non-submission of timely half yearly
returns to SPCBs
• Further renewal based on compliance
status
REGISTRATION OF IMPORTERS
• To get registered with CPCB
• Registration for five years
Cancellation of Registration
• Failure to collect the required number of
used lead batteries
• Non-submission of timely half yearly
returns to SPCBs with a copy to CPCB
• Further renewal based on compliance
status
The typical process-flow diagram for
recycling of lead bearing wastes
Flux/Reducing Agent
(Charcoal/Steel
Scarp/Silica
Scrubber
Gases to
Vent
Lead Bearing Wastes
as per Schedule 4
Cooling
Smelting
Box Type with Hood or
Rotary Furnace
Leachable
Bag
Filter
Wet/ Dry
Scrubber
Molten Lead
Casting
Slag
Disposal as
per HWM Non-Leachable
Rules
Alloying Material
(Antimony/Calcium)
Lead
Ingots
Vent
Emission
Control
System
Refining
Casting
Lead Alloy
ingots
Emission/Effluent
Standard for Lead
Standard
To be
implemented by
Lead in emission 10.0 mg/Nm3
through Stack
SPCB/PCC/CPCB
Lead in effluents
SPCB/PCC/CPCB
0.10 mg/l
Lead in Ambient 1.00 μg/m3 (Indl. Area)
Air
0.75 μg/m3 (Resi. Area)
SPCB/PCC/CPCB
0.50 μg/m3 (Sensitive Area)
Lead in Blood of 15 - 40 μg/dl of Blood
exposed worker
Occupational
Health Authority
Lead in work zone 0.15 mg/Nm3
area
Regulated under
Factory Act
Steps to minimize fugitive
emissions of lead
1. The design of hood/fume collection system from the
smelting/refining operations should be capable of collecting lead
emissions and transfer to the control systems.
2. The storage of all the raw materials, intermediates and products
should be in covered area/shed having concrete floors and
mechanized equipment should be used to handle these
materials as far as possible.
3. The floors in the loading area should be kept wet through
sprinkles to reduce the chances of lead particles/dust getting
airborne.
4. The movement of vehicles to the administrative/working/
production areas should ensure that only the trucks/vehicles
involved in the material handling/transportation reach the work
areas, and their tyres are washed before they leave these
areas.
WAY FORWARD?
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Collective wisdom
Noble thoughts enshrined
Tighten backyard smelting
Focus dealers and importers
(Encourage them to set up collection centres)
Stringent customs clearance
Strict enforcement and monitoring
Continue awareness promotion
Revisit implementation periodically