SIB20210 Certificate II in Nail Technology
SIB30110 Certificate III in Beauty Services
WRB20104
SIB40110 Certificate
IV in Beauty Therapy
SIB50110 Diploma of Beauty Therapy
BLENDED DELIVERY
LEARNING AND ASSESSMENT
MATERIAL
WRBCS201B – PROVIDE MANICURE AND PEDICURE SERVICES
SIBBNLS202A Provide Manicure and Pedicare services
DEMONSTRATION UNIT DELIVERY STYLE - complete
unit contains 50 pages
Initial Impact P/L
Initial Impact P/L
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Student name:..............................................................
Student ID:.................................................
Date:.............................................
Student name:..............................................................
Student ID:.................................................
Provide manicure and pedicare services
Date:.............................................
1
SIBBNLS202A Provide manicure and pedicare services
This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and knowledge required to perform a range of manicure and
pedicare services. The manicure or pedicure is performed in response to client consultation and assessment,
conducted and recorded on a treatment plan. This unit contains employability skills.
Application of the unit.
This unit applies to services offered in nail salons and beauty salons in the beauty industry. The manicure or pedicare
service could be an individual treatment or form part of a series of manicure or pedicure treatments that have been
designed to meet client requirements. The unit applies to nail technicians and other beauty workers who interpret
observations and information, and follow known routines in order to plan and perform manicure and pedicure services
that meet client requirements.
Performance criteria covered within this training programme
1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5,2.1,2.2,2.3,2.4,2.5,2.6,2.7,2.8,2.9,3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4,3.5
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Student assessment guide
FORMATIVE TASKS.
Formatives are activities located throughout the learning material which you need to complete and submit to your
trainer for comments. They allow you to continually demonstrate your ability to perform the required skills and
knowledge for this unit.
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS.
The summative assessment uses the performance criteria, range statement, critical evidence and employability skills
as the checklist for demonstration of the required skills and knowledge. Your trainer will deem you either
competent or not yet competent based on your performance in the summative.
There are three summative assessments for this unit.
ASSESSMENT A. CONDUCT A FULL MANICURE PROCEDURE. OBSERVATION ASSESSMENT
You are required to conduct a full manicure service with client treatment plan being completed before and after the
service. You will be assessed on demonstration of your skills and knowledge to perform the procedure correctly.
ASSESSMENT B. CONDUCT A FULL PEDICARE PROCEDURE. OBSERVATION ASSESSMENT
You are required to conduct a full pedicare service with client treatment plan being completed before and after the
service. You will be assessed on demonstration of your skills and knowledge to perform the procedure correctly.
ASSESSMENT C. VERBAL KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONS.
Your trainer will ask you questions verbally which you are to answer verbally.
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Skin on hand and feet
The depth of the epidermal layer of the skin is thickest on the soles of the feet and on the palms of the hand. The skin
is thinnest on the eyelids.
The soles of the feet and palms of the hands do not contain hair follicles, have few sweat glands but have a high
amount of nerve receptors.
The back of the hands suffer from being exposed to ultra-violet radiation from the sun. The hands show premature
ageing such as wrinkles, dry rough texture and uneven colours spots known as solar keratosis.
Lifestyle choices influence the appearance of the skin on the hand and feet and most of us neglect to take care of our
hands and feet.
In your work as a nail technician you will see a wide variety of skin conditions. As a general rule, if the skin is broken,
inflamed or infected it is best not to provide a manicure or pedicare service.
Several treatments of the hands and feet can improve the circulation and blood supply which helps maintain the
health and condition of the skin and nails. Increased blood supply and nourishment will improve nail strength, assist in
the prevention of splitting and allows the nails to grow longer.
When applying a paraffin wax treatment, the heat encourages the blood vessels to dilate allowing blood cells to move
freely around the skin. The nerve endings are stimulated to enhance the skin’s tissue.
Physically massaging the hands and feet increases circulation as well as relaxing the muscles. Increased blood
circulation stimulates cell production leading to improved skin condition.
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Nail growth
•Nails grow faster in summer than in any other season.
•Nail growth is faster in children and slows with age.
•Growth rates vary. The middle finger grows the fastest
while the thumb grows the slowest.
•Nails grow faster in males than in females.
•Nails grow faster in daytime.
•Nails on the dominant hand grow slightly faster than the
other hand.
•Vitamins, calcium and gel cannot stimulate nail growth.
•Damage to the cuticle can interrupt nail growth producing a
Manicure consultation
ridge or mark on the surface of the new nail.
•Contrary to popular belief, nails do not continue to grow after death; the skin dehydrates and tightens, making the
nails (and hair) appear to grow.
Increases nail growth
Decreases nail growth
Trauma
Ageing
Youth
Infection
Length of finger
Malnutrition
Warm temperatures
Genetics
Pregnancy
Diabetes
Use of hands
Smoking
Nail biting
Injury
Buffing
Breast feeding
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Functions and features of nails
Nails are tightly packed, hard cells of the epidermal layer of the skin. They replace the epidermis on the tips of fingers
and toes but are continuous with it so that bacteria and micro-organisms cannot enter the body. Healthy nails are shiny
and translucent pink due to the blood capillaries underneath. The surface is made up of tiny longitudinal ridges which
form as the nails grow. The technical terms for them is onyx.
Functions of the nail.
•To protect the end of the fingers and toes.
•Grasping and manipulating objects in various ways.
•Increasing the sensitivity to feel and touch.
•Acting as defence tools.
•Image.
Variety of nail shapes
Nail structure
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Nail and skin conditions requiring special treatment
Corns and calluses.
These are caused by friction and pressure when the bony parts of the feet rub against shoes. Calluses are bigger than
corns and are usually found on the sole of the foot, either around the heel or around the front of the foot at the base
of the first and fourth toes. Corns are smaller and often have a central core of keratin. The top of the fifth toe is the
most common site for a corn.
Solar Lentiginoses.
These are caused through exposure to the sun’s rays. They are sharply defined, rounded, brown or black, flat patches
of skin which appear individually or in clusters. The epidermis expands with more pigment and becomes
hyperpigmented, developing a look like dark freckles. Skin exposed to the sun might be precancerous however dark
spots may be cancerous so you should recommend that your client sees a doctor.
Solar Keratoses is also known as actinic keratoes.
These are dry, scaly, rough-textured patches that form on the outermost layer of the skin after years of exposure to
the sun. Their colour ranges from skin toned to reddish brown and range in size from a pin head to larger than a
thumb nail. Occasionally, a lesion grows to resemble an animal horn and is called a ‘cutaneous horn’.
Eczema.
This is a general term for describing various inflamed skin conditions. The most common form is called ‘dermatitis’. In
some people the eczema will ‘bubble up’ and ooze a liquid. In others, it is seen as scaly, red and dry skin. The
condition appears to be an abnormal response of the body’s immune system. It is irritating and itchy, causing the
person to scratch the affected area making it worse. Eczema is not contagious and can be managed with treatment.
Onychosis is the term used for any deformity or disease of the nails.
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Applying Occupational Health and Safety procedures
Infections can be spread between the client and operator and from client to client if the instruments used have not been
thoroughly cleaned and disinfected between clients. In particular you must be aware of;
•Relevant federal, state and local heath and hygiene legislation and regulations.
•Occupational safety and health legislation and regulations including skin penetration legislation.
Washing client’s hands and feet.
A client’s hands and feet must be washed prior to a treatment commencing. Use a one-use towel.
Cleaning instruments.
Any instrument or part of an instrument used on a client should be cleaned with detergent and warm water, disinfectant
and dried before being used on another client. For single use instruments, it is recommended that they are discarded
after each client use.
•Single use chamois buffers – one for each client.
•Disposable cuticle sticks are recommended.
•Re-useable cuticle sticks and cutters should be washed, disinfected and stored dry.
•Avoid using nail brushes as they may damage the skin leaving it open to infection.
•Burrs used for buffing should be cleaned between clients.
•Single use nail files are recommended. Re-useable nail files should be cleaned and disinfected between clients.
•Bowls used to soak the hands and feet should be cleaned and dried between each client use.
•Waste removal must follow relevant legislation, workplace policies and environmental concerns.
•Nail technician should only use disinfectants specified by the Australian Register of Therapeutic
Goods (ARTG) for the approved purpose and for the time specified by the manufacturer.
FORMATIVE 3. SEARCH FOR YOUR STATE HEALTH AND HYGIENE REGULATIONS. DOCUMENT
Write an explanation of how these regulations relate to manicures and pedicures? Submit your document to your
facilitator.
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Procedure techniques
Cuticle massage cream
Polish removal
Polish
application
Nail shaping
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MANICURE PROCEDURE
1. Application of
antibacterial spray
Commence by applying any personal protection equipment that is required according to State or
Territory regulations or workplace policies and using hand cleanser, spray or gel, to ensure hand
cleanliness. Using a 70% alcohol swab or cotton wool ball soaked in the appropriate antiseptic,
commence application. Starting with the elbow, use firm pressure and wipe the skin clean finishing at
the fingertips. Soak another cotton swab and repeat on the other arm. This prevents cross infection.
Dry hand thoroughly and place on them on the towel.
2. Inspection
Check the hands and nails thoroughly for any contraindications, which may prohibit the manicure
procedure. Advise the client to consult their doctor if any irregularities are present.
3. Remove nail enamel Using the finger rotation method – starting with the right hand, roll a ball of cotton wool to remove any
present. If not leave out cotton fibres, soak it in polish remover and squeeze out excess. Hold the cotton ball between the index
this step
and middle fingers and place firmly over the client’s right thumb until the enamel begins to dissolve.
Wipe down towards the free edge and the nail plate should be clean. Any left over enamel around the
cuticle wall can be removed with an orange stick tipped with cotton wool and dipped in remover.
Repeat on the left hand. Reinspect the client’s nails as contraindications may have been hidden by
enamel.
4. Nail filing and shaping Discuss with the client the nail shape that is best suited to them. Their occupation and recreational
activities should be considered when determining the length of the nails. If the client’s nails are too
long and need trimming, use curved manicure scissors or nail clippers. When using nail clippers, trim
the two sides first and then across the free edge. This will not damage the nail plate. Dispose of nail
clippings immediately in the bin.
Using the finger rotation method, start shaping the nails of the right hand. Holding the end of the
emery board with the thumb and the index finger at a 45 degree angle, file the nail from side to centre
and gently across the free edge in one direction. Do not file back and forth as this may cause discomfort
and splitting of the nail layers. The heat produced dries up the moisture within the layers which may
also cause flaking. Filing too deep into the corners causes in-growing nails, weakens the sides of nails
and can cause breakages. Always use an abrasive, no coarser than 240 grit.
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MANICURE PROCEDURE
1. Application of
antibacterial spray
Commence by applying any personal protection equipment that is required according to State or
Territory regulations or workplace policies and using hand cleanser, spray or gel, to ensure hand
cleanliness. Using a 70% alcohol swab or cotton wool ball soaked in the appropriate antiseptic,
commence application. Starting with the elbow, use firm pressure and wipe the skin clean finishing at
the fingertips. Soak another cotton swab and repeat on the other arm. This prevents cross infection.
Dry hand thoroughly and place on them on the towel.
2. Inspection
Check the hands and nails thoroughly for any contraindications, which may prohibit the manicure
procedure. Advise the client to consult their doctor if any irregularities are present.
3. Remove nail enamel Using the finger rotation method – starting with the right hand, roll a ball of cotton wool to remove any
present. If not leave out cotton fibres, soak it in polish remover and squeeze out excess. Hold the cotton ball between the index
this step
and middle fingers and place firmly over the client’s right thumb until the enamel begins to dissolve.
Wipe down towards the free edge and the nail plate should be clean. Any left over enamel around the
cuticle wall can be removed with an orange stick tipped with cotton wool and dipped in remover.
Repeat on the left hand. Reinspect the client’s nails as contraindications may have been hidden by
enamel.
4. Nail filing and shaping Discuss with the client the nail shape that is best suited to them. Their occupation and recreational
activities should be considered when determining the length of the nails. If the client’s nails are too
long and need trimming, use curved manicure scissors or nail clippers. When using nail clippers, trim
the two sides first and then across the free edge. This will not damage the nail plate. Dispose of nail
clippings immediately in the bin.
Using the finger rotation method, start shaping the nails of the right hand. Holding the end of the
emery board with the thumb and the index finger at a 45 degree angle, file the nail from side to centre
and gently across the free edge in one direction. Do not file back and forth as this may cause discomfort
and splitting of the nail layers. The heat produced dries up the moisture within the layers which may
also cause flaking. Filing too deep into the corners causes in-growing nails, weakens the sides of nails
and can cause breakages. Always use an abrasive, no coarser than 240 grit.
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MANICURE PROCEDURE
5. Buffing the
nail plate
6. Removing
cuticle
Buffing smooths ridges or any uneven textures on the nail plate. It gives a lustrous shine, improves
circulation giving a healthier looking nail bed and removes any staining on the surface layers of the
nail plates. It also strengthens the nail layers at the free edge. When using the block and the satin
buffers start with the coarser sides first and then move to the smoothest side to achieve the best
results. A buffing paste may be used in conjunction with a chamois covered buffer, a three way
buffer or just the buffer by itself. Continue with the rotation method with the right hand. The buffer
is used in the direction of the nail plate growth, being the direction from the matrix to the free edge.
In a male manicure, buffing should occur at the end of the manicure.
To prepare for cuticle work, fold a tissue and rest this in the palm of your left hand to wipe away any
excess remover off the implements. Apply cuticle remover to the base of all ten nails without
touching the skin by either using the control flow nozzle on the product bottle or with cotton tipped
cuticle sticks. Cuticle remover assists in the elimination of stubborn cuticle and can also be used
under the free edge of the nail to remove any dirt. Hold the client’s fingers between the thumb and
index fingers and gently squeeze back the cuticle.
Gently slide a cuticle pusher along the nail plate to loosen the cuticle. Lift along the left side of the
nail up towards the matrix in a clockwise manner, then along the right side and gently around the
cuticle but not beyond the eponychium. Avoid undue pressure and pushing into the eponychium as
this will result in damage to the nail unit. Do not use cuticle clippers due to health regulations.
Using the tissue, wipe carefully around the nail and under the free edge. Place each hand in a bowl
of soak or cleanser with warm water. Make sure the temperature is comfortable for the client. This
soaking help soften the cuticles. Rinse thoroughly and pat the fingers dry.
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MANICURE PROCEDURE
7. Cuticle moisturising
8. Exfoliating
9. Applying masque
10. Rinsing and
cleaning the nails
For moisturising the cuticle, use a cotton tipped orange stick or the control flow nozzle on the product.
Without touching the skin apply cuticle cream or cuticle butter to the base of the surrounding tissue of
each nail. Remove a quantity of product about the size of a five cent piece and place it on the back of
your hand for application as needed. Do not re-dip the orange stick into the container because it may
contaminate the product. Remove the cotton tip and place it in the bin.
Using both hands, massage the client’s thumb and little finger with firm thumb rotations, making sure
the cream is spread around the entire cuticle wall, nail plate and up to the first joint. Massage the
index finger, ring finger, middle finger and include the thumb again.
For a deep conditioning treatment, cuticle oil can be applied along with the cuticle cream and
massaged as normal. Wrap both hands in towels and prepare for next step. Remove manicure bowl to
the side.
Unwrap the right hand and apply the exfoliant to the entire forearm and hand. Using long stroking
movement (effleurage movements) perform a hand and arm massage. Massage the product into the
skin especially around any dry areas. Exfoliant may be rinsed off however some manufacturer’s advise
that their product can be left on the skin and worked together with the masque.
Apply a generous amount of masque to cover the entire forearm and hand using effleurage strokes.
Wrap the hand and repeat exfoliation and applying masque on the other arm. If using a paraffin
treatment this may be applied at this stage on top of the mask. Leave for about 5 to 10 minutes.
Take the client’s right arm first, soak the hand and forearm and using a soft nail brush clean the nails of
both hands in a bowl of hand soak and warm water. Remove the massage cream and cuticle remove.
Cover your index finger with a tissue and gently dry around each nail. Dry hand and arm and then rest
the arm back onto the towel and repeat on left arm. If using paraffin, gently peel the paraffin off the
forearm and hand and there is no need to soak.
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3 TYPES OF POLISH APPLICATION
1. Full coverage – polish is applied over the entire nail plate.
2. Slimline – a 1/16 inch margin on each side of the nail plate is left without polish. This makes a wide nail look
narrow.
3. Half moon – a half moon shape is left unpainted at the base of the nail
Hand and arm massage.
This is probably the most enjoyable part of a manicure for the client.
•Apply the cream to the client’s hands and arms with long smooth strokes.
•Use a rolled towel to support the client’s arm throughout the massage.
There are two massage movements most commonly used in manicures.
Effleurage – these are long stroking movements performed with the operator’s whole hand and palm.
- Superficial effleurage is soothing and aids relaxation.
- Deep effleurage is more pressure and firmer.
With effleurage, the operator’s hands can be used together or alternatively but must be completely relaxed and
moulded to the part of the client’s hand or arm that is being treated. The movements must be smooth and rhythmical,
following the direction of the blood flow back to the heart and also along the flow of the lymphatics sending it to the
lymph glands.
Petrissage – this is compression.
This includes kneading, knuckling, ironing, skin rolling and wringing. These pressure movements can be used on
individual muscles or complete groups of muscles. It involves pressing the tissue on the underlying structure and can be
performed with one or two hands, the whole of the palms surface or the knuckles.
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1. Back of hand petrissage
2. Back of hand petrissage
3. Fingers - petrissage
4. Fingers – slide and
petrissage
5. Palm - petrissage
6. Back of hand effleurage
7. Finger stretching
HAND MASSAGE – see drawings and photos
Your client’s palm is facing down so you are working on the back of their hand. Use both
thumbs in small firm circular motions, one hand at a time, while you hold the client’s hand.
Repeat many times.
Use both thumbs with firm wide circular pressure. Move out from the centre of the hand to
the outer edges. Repeat many times.
Hold the client’s wrist. Use one thumb to do circular movements on each finger. Begin on the
hand and work down each finger to the finger tip.
Still hold the client’s wrist. Use your thumb and index finger to hold onto client’s finger and
firmly slide down the finger completing a circular massage on the finger tip. Repeat 3 times
on each finger.
Turn palm upwards and use firm thumb circular movements all over soft tissue of palm.
Turn palm down again. Using both of your hands together, roll stretch outwards from the
centre of the client’s hand using your thumbs soft tissue for the movement. Repeat 3 times.
Using your thumb and index finger hold onto the client’s finger and pull the finger slightly and
then slide down to the fingertip giving a slight pressure on the nail before releasing and
moving to the next finger.
FORMATIVE 4. VIEW VIDEO ON HAND AND ARM MASSAGE FOR MANICURE.
FORMATIVE 5. VIEW VIDEO ON MANICURE NAIL POLISH APPLICATION.
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Bones of
the hand
Step 2
Step 4
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Step 5
FORMATIVE 6. PERFORM FULL
MANICURE SERVICES. PRACTICE
SESSIONS
You are to practice the tasks for a
manicure service including massage
and the completion of a client
treatment plan before and after the
service. Observe salon service time
frames.
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Paraffin wax service
This service uses heat penetration to increase the skin’s temperature. The result is increased elasticity, smoothness and
softness to the skin and improved colour. The cleansing action of the paraffin removes surface dead skin cells and
bacterial build-up. The wax is preheated to 49 degrees Celsius. The hand or foot can be dipped into the wax or the wax
can be painted on with a large brush. In a manicure and pedicare service, the nails are completed up to the cuticle work
before the wax treatment is applied. For safety reasons do not attempt to heat the paraffin wax in anything other than a
paraffin wax heater which heats the wax up to the right temperature.
Contraindications for application.
Paraffin wax treatments are good for dry and dehydrated skin, finely lined skins and uneven textured skins. They are not
suitable for extremely vascular skin prone to reactions and irritations or clients with swollen veins. Some older clients
may be heat sensitive so be careful and do a patch test first.
The procedure for hands and feet.
•Heat wax to correct temperature.
•Cover hands or feet with a thin layer of moisturising cream.
•Dip hands or feet gently and slowly into the paraffin, hold for just an
instant, and remove. Allow the wax to 'set', then dip again.
•Dip and remove the hands or feet into the paraffin several times.
•If not dipping, use the brush to apply an even application of wax.
•Wrap hands and feet with plastic or foil, then cover with towels. Allow the
paraffin to remain on for at least 20 minutes.
•Unwrap limbs and the wax should peel off in one piece.
•Conduct a hand or foot massage for a full 10 minutes.
•Continue with rest of procedure for manicure or pedicare.
FORMATIVE 7. PERFORM PARAFFIN WAX SERVICES.
PRACTICE SESSIONS. Observe salon service time frames.
Paraffin wax equipment.
•Hot paraffin wax heater.
•Paraffin wax.
•Two large sheets of foil or plastic
wrap to enclose the hand or foot.
•Two bath towels.
•Moisturising cream.
•A large brush for application.
Paraffin spa wax
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Paraffin spa bath
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French manicure service
A French manicure requires the same procedure as for a normal service with the only difference being the painting of
the polish. It always looks best when the client has a good free edge on their nail. The choice of the colour for the nail
plate will depend on the natural colour of the client’s nail. If it is dark then a natural polish is best. If it is pale then a
pink or peach shade is best. Some French polish kits contain white tip sticker guides. These can be applied after the
base coat has dried to give you a guideline of where to paint the white tip. If you want to make the free edge look
longer then you can paint the white tip higher up the nail plate. Do not make the nails look false.
For a French Polish you will need;
•A base coat.
•A white polish for the free edge.
•A pink, natural or peach colour for the nail plate.
•A top coat.
First white
stroke
Second white
stroke
Rounding off
The procedure.
•Complete the manicure up to and including the application of the base coat. Keep the base coat thin and even.
•First white colour stroke is applied from the left side of the free edge to the centre of the free edge. This is done on an
angle going downwards.
•Second white colour stroke is applied from the right side of the free edge to the centre of the free edge.
•The first two strokes will have made a ‘V’ shape on the nail.
•Third white colour stroke goes across the free edge to make a more rounded look. Only apply thin white coats. Let the
3 coats dry.
•Paint the entire length of the nail with a pink, natural or peach colour. Two coats of this polish may be necessary.
•Apply top coat.
FORMATIVE 8. PERFORM FRENCH MANICURE SERVICES. PRACTICE SESSIONS
Observe salon service time frames.
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Specialised services
Buffing.
The last step in great-looking, naturally manicured nails is buffing which smooths ridges and adds a shine to fingernails.
Both women and men can have their fingernails buffed for a more finished appearance.
The procedure.
1. Complete the manicure up to and including the filing of the fingernails.
2. Stroke each fingernail a few times with a medium to fine buffing block to take off any ridges on the surface. Be
careful not to buff too long or too hard or you'll thin out the fingernail, weakening it and making it vulnerable to injury
or infection.
3. Stroke each fingernail with a fine to superfine buffing block to shine them. Go in one direction making sure you don't
move the buffing block back and forth over the fingernail too quickly that you cause damage before realising it.
4. Shine the fingernails with a chamois. You can use a buffing cream or a little beeswax to give the fingernails a high
sheen.
5. This completes the treatment as there is no need for nail polish.
Buffers
Manicures for men.
A man’s manicure is conducted using the normal procedures as
described in this unit except that instead of applying polish you would
buff the nails.
•
Shape the nails into a round shape. Wash and dry the hands.
•
Apply cuticle remover and complete the cuticle treatment.
•
Conduct an arm and hand massage.
•
Continue the procedure following steps 2, 3 & 4 as shown above.
FORMATIVE 9. PERFORM NAIL
BUFFING SERVICES. PRACTICE SESSIONS
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Pedicare considerations
The skin on the feet show sign of stress in the form of callused surface skin where the pressure of shoes have built up
on the skin. A pedicare treatment will include massage, exfoliation and moisturising. It is illegal to use a knife or cutting
instrument on a client. That is a job for a podiatrists or a surgeon.
Podiatrists are responsible for the comprehensive care of the human foot. Their field of specialisation, is the diagnosis
and management of problems, injuries or pathology relating to the foot.
Athletes and people who play a lot of sport need different foot care than the average client. Some sports can lead to
particular disorders. Black heel in soccer and basketball players is when the skin on the heel turns black because of
internal bleeding caused by stress from abrupt contact between the foot and the hard surface. Tennis players can
damage their toenails because of sudden stopping. This can build up blood in the skin under the toe nail. Fungal spores
can then occur under the free edge.
Fungus.
The feet are covered with 250,000 sweat glands from which fungus and bacteria can grow in socks and shoes. These
moist conditions can cause dryness, redness, blisters, itching, smelly and peeling skin on the feet. All forms of fungus
should be referred to a doctor as they are hard to cure and do reoccur. Fungus will spread if left untreated.
Bacteria.
Bacteria can be spread in foot spa machines if they have not been sanitised correctly between clients. The bacteria can
spread into areas such as under the nail, between the toes and on the skin of the feet and legs.
Water mould.
Water mould is the main disorder that is a direct result of wearing nail enhancements. It is a discolouration of the nail
plate. Water becomes trapped between the natural nail and the enhancement. It appears green in mild cases but can
be black in severe cases.
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Disorders that do not prevent a pedicare service
Technical/comm
Cause
Appearance
on name
Genetic malformation of bone Inflammation and distortion of the joint
Bunions
calluses
Build up of hard skin in
pressure areas
Heel fissures
Dry skin , built up calluses
Onychauxis is the medical
term for an overgrowth or
thickening of the nail and can
be part of the ageing process
or ill fitting shoes
Onychocryptosis In-grown toe nails caused by
ill fitting shoes. Genetic
Friction
Blisters
Pressure from shoes
Hammer toes
Onychauxis
Action/treatment
Normal pedicare. No rasping. Gentle
of the large toe and metatarsal joint
massage.
Hard, dry skin on the heels and ball of the Regular pedicare. Exfoliate areas
foot. More advanced cases can result in
effected. Moisturise feet.
fissures
Deep cracks may appear and these can
Refer serious problems to podiatrist.
become infected
See a pharmacists for special foot and
heel creams now available.
Nail becomes thickened. Keratin
production increases as nail attempts to
protect itself
Cut and file. Regular pedicare.
Toe nails grow into the surrounding skin
Cut straight or avoid the area. Seek
medical advice.
Fluid filled pockets between layers of skin Gentle pedicare. Do not break.
A common deformity. Small bones in toes Regular pedicare.
become ‘hooked’
FORMATIVE 10. WATCH VIDEO ON PEDICARE
PREPARATION.
Bones of the foot
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SEATED PEDICARE PROCEDURE
1. Inspection
Check the feet and nails thoroughly for any contraindications, which may prohibit the pedicare
procedure. Advise the client to consult their doctor if any irregularities are present.
2. Application of antiseptic
Using a 70% alcohol wipe or cotton wool ball soaked in the antiseptic solution, begin on the right leg and
use firm pressure to wipe down to the toes. Make sure the entire lower leg is cleaned front and back.
Repeat procedure on left leg with another wipe soaked in antiseptic. If a foot spa is available, the feet
can be soaked in an antibacterial solution.
3. Soaking
With the client seated, place both feet in the pedicare bowl or spa to soak for 5 minutes. Remove right
foot and pat it dry with the towel on your lap. Leave left foot soaking.
4. Removal of nail polish. If
there isn’t any leave out this
step
Hold the cotton ball between the index and middle fingers and place firmly over the big toe on the
client’s right foot, until the enamel begins to dissolve. Wipe down towards the free edge and the nail
plate should be clean. Any left over enamel around the cuticle wall can be removed with an orange stick
tipped with cotton wool and dipped in remover. Remove left foot from soaking, dry the foot and repeat
removal of nail polish. Reinspect the client’s nails as contraindications may have been hidden by enamel.
5. Nail filing and shaping
Toenails usually grow to the end of the toe, although some clients prefer them longer. The shape of the
free edge is straight across with the sides of the nail plate slightly curved. This helps prevent in-growing
nails. If the client’s toenails are too long and need trimming, use nail scissors or nail clippers. When using
nail clippers, trim from the two sides first and then across the middle of the free edge. This will ensure
the nail plate is not damaged. Dispose of nail clippings immediately in a bin.
Begin with the right foot. A coarser nail file is usually needed for the big toe. Hold the end of the nail file
with the thumb and the index finger at a 45% angle and file straight across from left to right. Do not file
back and forth.
Take the sharp edge off the sides by gently filing from the outside inwards, to give the nail a slight curve
on the sides. Filing too deep on the corners may cause in-growing nails. Use a fine file after a coarse file
to bevel the free edge making it smooth. When filing the little toes, hold up the toe to be filed and gently
push the others under. This will allow access for filing without hitting the other toes.
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SEATED PEDICARE PROCEDURE
6. Cuticles
Cuticle remover is applied to the right foot all around the cuticle wall with cotton tipped cuticle sticks.
This will loosen the cuticle and then use these sticks to remove any dirt under the free edge.
Hold the client’s toes between the thumb and index finger and gently squeeze back the cuticle. Gently
lift the cuticle from the nail plate using a circular motion. Lift along the left side of the cuticle wall
towards the matrix in a clockwise manner, then along the right side and gently around the cuticle wall,
anticlockwise. Avoid undue pressure on the matrix as this may result in dents, grooves and ridges.
Follow these movements with a cuticle tool. When performing cuticle work have a folded up tissue
resting in the palm of your left hand to wipe away any excess remover or dirt from the implements.
Using the tissue wipe carefully around the nail and under the free edge. Cuticle clippers are no longer
allowed due to health regulations.
7. Exfoliations
The products used for exfoliation of the feet and lower leg are more abrasive than those used on the
hands. Use the product according to manufacturers’ instructions and work on one leg at a time. After
using the exfoliant, a callus smoother or pedipad is recommended. Using a circular movement work on
the rough skin on the soles of the feet concentrating on the heels, big toe and the balls of the feet. If
the pedipad has a rough and smooth side, use rough first, switching to the smooth side to finish off.
Return each foot to the pedicare bowl or spa to remove any debris and products. Soak and then
thoroughly dry each foot and lower leg with the towel on your lap.
8. Soaking
9. Apply a masque
Apply a generous amount of masque to cover both feet using effleurage strokes. Wrap in a towel and
leave for 10 minutes. When ready, soak each foot and rinse masque using a nail brush to gently clean
the nails and surrounding skin. Dry each foot thoroughly.
FORMATIVE 11. VIEW VIDEO ON FOOT AND LEG MASSAGE FOR PEDICARE.
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FOOT AND LEG MASSAGE PROCEDURES
1. Effleurage lower leg and foot
Have the client’s leg resting on your leg which has a towel over it to protect your clothing. Begin
effleurage movements using the palm of your hand to gently glide over the top of the lower leg and
foot and return around the back of the leg and foot. When the first hand returns your other hand
begins the same movement. Repeat 3 times on each leg.
2. Effleurage inner and outer calf
Begin effleurage working back to the ankle with the thumb and the fingers supporting underneath.
Massage both sides of the lower leg at the same time in a circular motion. When the hand returns to
the ankle the other hand begins the same movement. Repeat 3 times on each leg.
This is a kneading massage. Using both hands at the same time, use an effleurage movement to start
at the ankle and finish just below the knee with both thumbs resting on the outer side of the lower
leg. Using outward circular movements with each thumb alternately, work from the top of the lower
leg to the ankle. Repeat 3 times.
Rest the fingertips of both hands on the toes and link the thumbs together. Using a friction
movement, beginning with the fingertips, glide over the top of the client’s foot, around the ankle
bone and back up to the top of the client’s toes. Repeat movement 4 times.
Hold the client’s toes with one hand and use the other hand to massage around the ankle bone with
circular movements. Concentrate on the heel. Repeat 2 times.
3. Petrissage tibialis anterior
4. Foot stroke
5. Knead ankle and heel
FORMATIVE 12. VIEW VIDEO ON PEDICARE GEL POLISH APPLICATION.
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FOOT AND LEG MASSAGE PROCEDURES
6. Knead medial arch
Rest one hand on the top of the client’s foot and place the other underneath the foot. Using circular
thumb massage movements, work along the arch of the client’s foot. Repeat for a minimum of 30
seconds.
7. Stretch Achilles tendon
The Achilles tendon runs from the back of the lower leg to the ankle. Support the client’s lower leg with
one hand and gently stretch out the Achilles tendon. Before releasing the ankle, use the other hand to
support the client’s lower leg. Repeat 6 times.
8. Thumb knead top of foot
Hold the client’s foot so that your thumbs can massage the top of the foot. Using alternate, circular
thumb massage movements, work from the toes to the heel. Repeat 6 times.
9. Effleurage finish
Begin effleurage movements using the palm of your hand to gently glide over the top of the lower leg
and foot and return around the back of the leg and foot. When the first hand returns your other hand
begins the same movement. Repeat 3 times on each leg. This completes the massage.
FORMATIVE 13. PERFORM FULL PEDICARE SERVICES. PRACTICE SESSIONS
You are to practice the steps for a pedicare service including a massage and completion of a client treatment plan
before and after the service. Observe salon service time fames.
FORMATIVE 14. QUIZ
Your trainer will supply the quiz paper for you to complete.
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After care for clients
It is part of your work as a nail technician to provide aftercare service to clients who have received nail treatments.
After each treatment it is best to record the results and responses from the client to the nail treatment. It is good
business practice to have the client rebook another appointment before leaving the salon.
Advice to the client could be a written handout and may include;
•How to clean nails.
•Proper methods of cutting and filing fingernails and toenails.
•Proper methods of applying and removing nail polish.
•Hand or foot protection measures to enable treatment to last longer.
•Lifestyle changes to improve skin and nail health.
•The wearing of gloves when gardening or doing housework.
•Advice on skin care products to maintain a healthy appearance.
•Recommendations for further nail services.
You will need to ask the client for details of their homecare routine. They can purchase products from your salon.
Recommend the purchase of;
•Nail hardeners.
•Hand and body moisturisers.
•Nail files.
•Cuticle creams.
•Nail polishes.
•Hand exfoliants.
Products courtesy of LeChat
Manicure kit
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Pedicare kit
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Being environmentally aware in the salon
Our natural resources are being greatly affected by modern living activities. It is vital that salon management and staff
practice environmental controls during their work in the salon.
Recycle materials.
•Make room in the staff kitchen for a recycling box.
•Glass, tin/steel cans, paper, cardboard and plastic are all recyclable materials.
•Clean and flatten boxes and cartons.
•Empty food and liquids from bottles, jars and containers and wash out any remaining contents.
•Remove lids from plastic bottles and containers.
•Plastic bags are not part of a recycling service and should not be placed in recycling bins.
•Do not recycle food waste, hazardous material used in beauty treatment services, broken crockery and foam.
Water savings.
Water is an important resource which is why we need to limit our water use to as little as possible. Australia is the
driest continent in the world. The benefits of water conservation are;
•Reduces the demand on the water supply.
•Saves money on water bills and reduces the need for new dams.
Waste reduction.
•Turn off the lights and salon equipment at the power point when not in use.
•Nail clippings, filing dust and cleaning pads should be wrapped in tissue and placed in waste bin.
•Containers which have held chemical liquids or left over product must not be washed in the sink. Pour or scrape out
the contents into newspaper, wrap tightly so no spillage occurs and place in a bin which has a closed lid. All waste
products must be disposed of correctly to minimise the negative affects they have on the environment.
This completes the learning material for this unit.
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SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT A. Marking criteria
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SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT B. Marking criteria
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SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT C.
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