Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Environmental controlling and the use of indicators

Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Elements of environmental controlling
Environmental policy
Environmental targets
Control
Implementation
Organization
Documentation
Information
Mass and energy balances
Evaluation
Planning of measures

Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Start
Management review
Environmental policy
Continual improvement!
Monitoring/
Corrective action
• Monitoring and measurement
• Nonconformance: corrective and preventive action
• Records
• EMS audits
Implementation
• Structure and responsibility
• Training, awareness, competence
• Communication
• EMS documentation
• Document control
• Operational control
• Measures in case of emergencies
Planning
• Environmental aspects
• Legal/other requirements
• Objectives and targets
• Environmental management programme

Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Controlling
A feedback system combines planning, reporting, status analysis, deviation analysis and corrective measures
Planning Status
Corrective action Deviation analysis

Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Input/output analysis
 Consistent data
 Illustrates efficiency
 Evaluation criteria:
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Quantities

Financial values
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Environmental and toxicological properties

Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Safe on the road?
Which indicators?

Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Healthy or not?
Which indicators?

Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Aims of indicators
 Comparison of the actual to the planned situation
 Comparison of companies
 Comparison of variations over a period of time

Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Development of a set of indicators
Mass balances and costs
Targets
Set of indicators
Targets: reduction of material losses, substitution, cost reduction, environmental improvement, data compression, presentation, analysis, control, decision making.

Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Types of indicators
 Absolute figures:

Basic data (annual consumption, turnover)
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
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Totals (total consumption of halogenated solvents)
Differences (expenses minus earnings)
Average values (half hour averages)
 Related figures:
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Relative figures (solvent use per product unit)
Normalized figures (use of halogenated solvents over total use of solvents)
Index figures (trends)
 Systematically derived indicators:
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Complex methods for data aggregation

Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Indicators – 1
 Non-dimensional indicators
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Efficiency, yield (product per input)
Recycling quota
 Material-related indicators
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Cross rate between different materials
 Production-related indicators
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Material input per production unit
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Waste per production unit
 Plant-related indicators
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Energy consumption per hour
Energy consumption per m²

Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Indicators – 2
 Time-based indicators
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Waste per shift
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Water consumption per year
 Employee-based indicators
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Material consumption per employee (in offices)
Water consumption per employee
 Emission-based indicators
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Actual emissions vs. threshold values

Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Definition of indicators
 Which figures reflect the targets (of my department) best?
 Which figures are best suited to indicate that these targets are not being met?
 How are critical deviations best measured?
 What is the best way of showing who is responsible for a critical deviation?
 For which indicators is information easily and inexpensively available?

Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling

Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Example: “Chicken efficiency”
 Is the ratio of sold fried chicken to waste chicken
 Is the indicator for waste
 Is the most important indicator in the organization
 Does it make sense??

Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Difficulties in defining indicators
 Two or more different products in changing quantities:
Weigh, choose a stable baseline
 Changes in products or processes:
Indicators are only one tool and have to be complemented by more information
 Comparability between different companies:
Be careful: you have to know the context
 Different data collection methods:
Standardize data collection

Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Definition of targets
Targets could be:
 Legal compliance
 Best available practices and technology
 Minimization of costs
 Continuous improvement

Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Targets should be
 S pecific
 M easurable
 A chievable
 R ealistic
 T ime framed

Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Reports
 Frequency:
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Standard reports
Reports on deviation
Reports on demand
 Strictly adapted to the receiver
 Use standardized structure
 Include reference values for comparisons
 Use graphics

Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
Template for a short report
Indicators:
Raw materials …
Water
Energy
Absolute consumption
…
…
Indicator
(Plan) (Actual) Deviation
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
Topics/Problems:
…
…
…
Measures:
…
…
…

Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
We go where we are looking!

Slides 7 - Indicators and environmental controlling
If we know where we want to go, we can take small steps!