FORMING A PERSONAL PHILOSOPHY
ABOUT LITERACY ASSESSMENT AND
INTERVENTION
Chapter One
Torri Jones
RDG 690
TONIGHT WE WILL DISCUSS…
• The Importance of Literacy
• Theories Related to Literacy
• Reading Models
• English Learners
• What do you stand for? Teaching Philosophy
• The Politics of Reading
• Multimodal Literacy
• Things Good Teachers Do
WHY IS LITERACY IMPORTANT?
Constructivist
Theory
Critical
Literacy
Theory
Theories
Related
to
Literacy
Hierarchy
of Human
Needs
Zone of
Proximal
Development
CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY
Schema
Learned
Skill
New
Information
Pg. 3 “All students
make sense of new
learning situations by
linking what they
know with what they
are bring taught.”
ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT
• Pg..3 “Vygotsky uses the
phrase…to describe
“the distance between
the child’s actual
development as
determined by
independent problem
solving and the level of
potential development
as determined through
problem solving under
adult guidance or in
collaboration with more
capable peers.”
My interaction
With You
Because of
Collaborating
I’m
developing
HIERARCHY OF HUMAN NEEDS
Pg 4 “…students examine
the text, multimedia,
music, and visual images
that surround them each
day in order for them to
develop “the ability to
read texts in an active,
reflective manner in
When
order to better
understand power,
inequality, and injustice
in human relationships.”
Pg 4 “Critical reading encourages
students ‘to use elements of logical
analysis-that is, they examine claims
of validity and reliability to better
understand how these texts
function in society.”
What
Critical
Literacy
Theory
Why
Pg 4 “Critical literacy is not a
distinctive instructional
methodology, but rather a literacy
theory with implications for action”
Who
Pg 4 “The term was
developed by social critical
theorists who were concerned
with social injustice in the
world.”
Pg 5 “Critical literacy,
however is more than critical
reading; it requires students to
act on what they have read
and analyze.”
LEARNING TO READ
READING MODELS
Story
Phonics
Linguistic
Sight
Word
Part-to-Whole
Model
Whole-to-Part
Model
words
phonics
Comprehensive Approach
ENGLISH LEANERS
English Language
Development
Need to Knows
•
The number of English learners are
increasing
•
Spanish are growing the fastest
•
Their background and family
status matters
•
BICS (Basic Interpersonal
Communicative skills)
•
1.
Silent Stage
I+1 Theory (Krashen)
2.
Early Production Stage
Visual Scaffolding
3.
Productive language Stage
TPR – Total Physical Response
4.
Intermediate Fluency Language
Stage
SI- Sheltered Instruction
Choral Reading
Interactive Writing
CALP (Cognitive Academic
Language proficiency)
Pg. 10
Effective Practices
Language Experience Approach
Shared Reading
Pg. 10 & 11
Using Audiobooks & eBooks
WHAT DO YOU
STAND FOR?
Your teaching philosophy should
include your understanding of :
•
how children learn and the factors
that affect their learning
•
the process of reading and writing
•
the types of problems that will occur
•
methods of assessment
•
strategies that will improve a
student’s literacy skills
•
technology use of teacher and
students
1965
THE POLITICS
OF READING
A historical overview of
reading reforms. We are
going to look at political issues
that have influenced the
instruction of reading in
America.
1975
1997
2001
2004
•Congress passed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1966
•This established Title I money to be used to help fund supplementary reading instruction in highpoverty schools (pg.15)
•Congress passed the Education for All handicapped Children Act
•“a child with a learning disability was defined as anyone with a ‘severe discrepancy between
achievement and intellectual ability.’”
•President Clinton signed the America Reads Challenge Act
•This law mandated that all students would read at grade level by the end of the third grade and
inaugurated many new community-based tutorial programs. (pg.15)
•President George W. Bush signed No Child Left Behind Act
•This law mandated that all students show adequate yearly progress (AYP) in five areas of reading
identified by NRP: phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, comprehension, and fluency. (pg.15)
•Scientifically Based Research
•The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act requires districts to use a Response to Intervention (RtI)
method for this identification.
Principle
1
Instruction
Principle
2
Responsive teaching
and differentiation
Principle
3
Assessment
Principle
4
Collaboration
IRA commission on RtI has drafted
guiding principles for teachers
regarding implementation of RtI.
Principle
5
Systematic and
Comprehensive
(pg.14-15)
Principle
6
Expertise
RESPONSE TO
INTERVENTION (RTI)
This process incorporates both
assessment and intervention so that
immediate benefits come to the
students.
1. Assess the student and
find the problem.
(Early)
THE RTI
PROCESS
RtI requires all
classroom teachers
to be highly qualified
to teach reading and
to assess reading
problems so they can
closely monitor how
students respond to
intervention.
5. May have a learning
disability and needs to
be tested for SPED
services.
4. More intensive and
individualized
interventions.
2. Determine the areas in
which the interventions
are needed.
(&)
3. Monitor and Assess
progress.
(Often)
The ability to find,
evaluate, analyze, an
synthesize, information
from multiple sources
Visual
Literacy
Informational
Literacy
The ability to read
and interpret
images and icons
Technological
Literacy
The ability to read and
manipulate all types of
digital resources
Requires students to read,
create, manipulate,
analyze, and evaluate
messages
Media
Literacy
GOOD
EDUCATORS…
Effective teachers constantly
examine how they impact student
learning, and they continuously
study the effective use of
technology to enhance literacy
skills.
• Understand the era in which you are
teaching
• Strive to help all students to grow in their
reading ability
• Develop your own philosophy of teaching
through study, observation, and practice
• Be knowledgeable about learning theories
and reading models so you know how to
assess reading problems, match
interventions to particular problems, teach
all students to use reading strategies
effectively
• Reflect on the effectiveness of your own
pedagogic practices
21ST CENTURY LEARNERS NEED YOU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_A-ZVCjfWf8