Conflict-problem or issue that is controversial and can cause problems without compromise.
Industrialization-the process of people producing things using mass production and machinery.
Immigration-the process of mass entrance into a new country to live permanently.
Change-the transformation of a person, place or thing.
Urbanization-the process of living in high population, high density cities.
Innovation-improvement and advancement in the way something is done.
Nativism-political movement led by native born white citizens who were unfriendly to non-
English speaking immigrants.
Reform-The method of fixing, improving and correcting [change for the better].
Cultural pluralism-concept that multiple culture co-exist [live peacefully near each other] in the same country.
Melting pot-the blending and mixing of foreign cultures in order into one common culture.
Culture shock-the feeling of surprise and awe connected to living in a new and strange place that is different from where you came from.


Millions of newcomers to the United states left their countries of birth for better lives.

From the 1880s to the 1920s immigrants from
Western and Eastern Europe can in huge numbers to the U.S. through the Ellis Island immigrant transfer station in New York Harbor.

Peoples’ criminal records, health and countries of origin were checked.

Immigrants who were too sick or had diseases were sent back to their countries or quarantined [isolated] until they were well enough to join the rest of the population.






Many of the new immigrants from Western and Eastern Europe were from the peasant classes [uneducated, unskilled] and encountered discrimination and a language barrier.
Immigrant children often assimilated quickly but spoke broken
English
Public school helped with adjustment
Laborers often did piece work for local businesses by manufacturing textiles by hand doing sewing [most often women and their children]. Each item or piece was paid a price.
Women also worked outside the home in sweatshops conditions for very longs hours for low wages in unsafe





Urbanization and city life
Philadelphia doubled from about 40 million in 1870 to about 80 million by 1900. Big cities were often crowded [densely populated]
Streets would be filled with vendors and domestic animals [chickens, horses, pigs] causing
and
conditions.
was rampant
of the United States concentrated large populations of people into
.
New immigrants such as Western Europeans [Italians and Jews] were drawn by the lure of industrial type jobs in factories.





Old immigrants-From the 1600s to early 1800s most of the people who arrived as immigrants to the United States were from English speaking countries such as England, Scotland and Ireland. Many
Germans and French came to the U.S. as well. The dominant religion was Protestantism.
New immigrants from the mid-1800s to early 1900s did not speak
English and had were mostly Catholic and Jewish.
The differences between the two groups caused resentment and conflict.
The Old immigrants wanted to preserve their language and culture and preached nativism [favoring and maintaining original America].


Center in New York that was created to help new immigrants, especially women, transition to the New World.

Help new comers cope with big city life and learn English.

Provided cultural activities such as block parties, rent parties and street festivals.

Jane Addams provided health care and job training for women. They advocated against child labor and sweat shops






Cramped living conditions and poor sanitation facilities were common.
Dumbbell tenements were designed to maximize space by using vertical design [multiple floors] with long, narrow construction.
Communal bathrooms increased chance of disease transfer and lack of privacy
Early tenements had and poor natural lighting due to room had window] poor ventilation [causing respiratory ailments] lack of windows throughout [one
Prior to introduction of common.
fire escapes deaths due to fire traps were




Electric trolleys were used to transport people through city streets on top of metal tracks similar to those used by railroads.
Mass transit lines were expanded in major cities such as Chicago and
New York [powered by overhead electric power lines]
Electric trolleys were eventually replaced by underground subways at the turn of the 20 th century

Public transportation allowed easy and cheap transportation to work for poor citizens.


Elevators-created to transport people vertical within multi-story buildings in major cities such as Chicago and New York.

Telephones-patented by
Alexander Graham Bell gave people ability to communicate inexpensively over long distances.

Typewriters-gave people ability to write text in a faster and more efficient manner.
Newspaper and magazine writers as well as book authors used these machines to share the written word.





Bare-knuckled Irish-American brawlers such as John L. Sullivan and
Jim Corbett fought as prize fighters during the mid-late 1800s.
In 1892 the two pugilists [boxers] fought before more than 10,000 spectators in New Orleans.
Corbett defeated Sullivan handing the legendary Irish boxer in first and only loss.
Championship boxing matches became enormously popular in the early 1900s.



Team sports became wildly popular with the advent of “basket ball” by Dr. James Naismith in 1891 at Springfield, Massachusetts and
baseball by Alexander Cartwright in 1845 at Hoboken, New Jersey.
The popularity of the two sports sprang from the expansion of leisure time among young American men. The desire to be competitive, physically fit but yet group oriented greatly enhanced the appeal of these sports. The two “games” remain highly regarded.





Jacob Riis was an immigrant from Denmark.
He was a photo-journalist [photographer who told stories with photos] for New York City newspapers.
He told thousands of photos showing how immigrants lived in squalor [horrible poverty], unsafe and unsanitary conditions.
In 1890 he published a collection of his photos titled How the Other Half Lives showing how the poorest of the urban poor lived.


Because Chinese workers were willing to work for extremely low wages [lower than other immigrants] lots of resentment was directed towards them.

Violent attacks on Chinese by white immigrants and poor whites took place in San Francisco and other cities

The U.S. Federal Government passed a law called the Chinese
Exclusion Act in 1882 that banned Chinese immigration.


City life was stressful because of overcrowding, filth and crime.

Landscape architect Frederick Law Olmstead was hired to design public parks in large cities such as New York, Detroit and Chicago.


The purpose of parks was to provide open spaces for recreation, exercise and escape from the stress of city life.
New York City’s Central Park and Prospect Park were designed by Olmstead.


Entrepreneurs [business owners] created parks with exciting attractions such as rides and strange acts to attract people to pay money to visit.

The most famous early American amusement park was Coney Island in
Brooklyn, New York. City residents could escape from city life for a while.

The park contained rides, restaurants, hotels, circus acts, freak shows and a beach and boardwalk [wooden road overlooking the seashore].

























http://www.hauntedamericatours.com/toptenhaunted/toptenhauntedhouses/images/Thomas_A.
_Edison.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_72HXHkZzbsg/TIkUs79hbI/AAAAAAAAEOg/GR19TgMXxwU/s1600/pff910Sweatshop-1890.jpg
http://atp.cx/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Statue-of-Liberty.jpg
http://chestofbooks.com/reference/Wonder-Book-Of-Knowledge/images/The-Story-In-Elevators-And-
Escalators-274.jpg
http://www.controlcomm.com/assets/old-telephone.jpg
http://shenews.projo.com/09/granville.jpg
http://www.mediabistro.com/unbeige/files/original/Jacob%20Riis.jpg
http://www.schrag.info/graphics/riis.jpg
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_J-
2UnBibq6Y/TJ37qa3rHUI/AAAAAAAAAMA/kkXQ4a1bUa8/s1600/Jacob+Riis+court.jpg
http://ksgaccman.harvard.edu/hotc/images/cache/olmsted_portrait.gif
http://connectere.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/jane-addams.jpg
http://www.hauntedhamilton.com/gotw_hullhouse2.jpg
http://hhsapush.wikispaces.com/file/view/hull2.jpg/110589965/hull2.jpg
http://www.ideachampions.com/weblogs/thomas-edison-birthday.jpg
http://www.orangejuiceblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Chinese-Exclusion-Act.jpg
http://www.starrtours.com/image_data/4703.jpg
http://www.pmcaregivers.com/images/ConeyIsland1903.jpg
http://www.dailyinfo.co.uk/boxads/gangsny.jpg
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAEjourney.JPG