NERC PER-005
Overview
May 10, 2010
Who, What, When, Where, Why
• WHO: RC, TOP, BA
• WHAT:
– R1: Systematic Approach to Training
– R2: Verify operator capabilities
– R3: EOPs training (change to 12-month, not calendar)
– R3.1 Simulation Technology
• WHEN:
– R1 – 1st day of calendar quarter 24 months after final approval.
– R2 – 1st day of calendar quarter 24 months after final approval
– R3 – 1st day of calendar quarter past final approval
– R3.1 – 1st day of calendar quarter 36 months after final approval
• WHERE: US & Canada
• WHY: create operators capable of independent operation of BES
NERC PER-005-1
A. Introduction
1. Title: System Personnel Training
2. Number: PER-005-1
3. Purpose: To ensure that System Operators performing real-time,
reliability-related tasks on the North American Bulk Electric System
(BES) are competent to perform those reliability related tasks.
The competency of System Operators is critical to the reliability of
the North American Bulk Electric System.
4. Applicability:
4.1. Functional Entities:
4.1.1 Reliability Coordinator.
4.1.2 Balancing Authority.
4.1.3 Transmission Operator.
NERC PER-005-1
R1. Each Reliability Coordinator, Balancing Authority, and
Transmission Operator
– shall use a systematic approach to training to
– establish a new (or modify) an existing
training program(s)
– for the BES company-specific reliability-related
tasks
– performed by its System Operators.
Systematic Approach to Training
Analysis
Design
Formative
Evaluation
Development
Implementation
Summative
Evaluation
ADDIE MODEL
Systematic Approach to Training
Why instruction is needed
What instruction is needed (general or macro level)
Analysis
What instruction is needed (competencies & objectives)
When instruction is accomplished (assessments)
How instruction is accomplished (learning strategies)
Design
What materials & media
Development
How learning transfer is delivered (delivery)
Implementation
Evaluation
What changes need to occur
ADDIE MODEL - Outcomes
Systematic Approach to Training
ADDIE
PHASE
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Analyze
Analyze Job
Select tasks
Construct
Performance
Measures
Analyze
existing
courses
Select
instructional
setting
Design
Develop
Objectives
Develop
Tests
Describe
entry
behavior
Determine
Sequence &
Structure
Develop
Specify
Learning
Activities
Specify
instructional
management
plan
Review/
Select
Training
Materials
Develop
Instruction
Implement
Implement
Instructional
Mgt Plan
Conduct
Instruction
Evaluate
Conduct
Internal
Evaluation
Conduct
External
Evaluation
Revise
System
ADDIE MODEL – Instructor Activities
Validate
Instruction
NERC PER-005-1
R1.1. Each Reliability Coordinator, Balancing
Authority, and Transmission Operator
• shall create a list of BES company-specific
reliability-related tasks
• performed by its System Operators.
NERC PER-005-1
R1.1.1. Each Reliability Coordinator, Balancing
Authority, and Transmission Operator
• shall update its list of BES company-specific
reliability-related tasks
• performed by its System Operators
• at least annually to identify new or modified
tasks for inclusion in training
JTA: Hierarchical Method
Switchman
Training
Maintain safe work
environment
Train dispatchers on field
switching devices
Train field crews on
switching procedures
Switchman Trainer job position
Write safety
Procedures
Inspect personal
protective
equipment (PPE)
Describe required
PPE
Explain criteria for
rejecting PPE
Inspect Rubber
Gloves
Describe how to
order PPE
Inspect Climbing
gear
Evaluate safety
equipment
Inspect Grounds
Investigate
accidents
Inspect testing
equipment
JTA: Process Flow Method
Step 3.1.1
Step 3.1.3
Step 3.1.2
Switching Order
(from Outage
Coordination)
Review Switching
Order
Approve?
Yes
Mark Order
as
“Approved”
Step 3.1.4
Check
Switching
Schedule
Step 3.1.5
Schedule
switching
NO
Order placed in Bin
on Dispatcher
Workstation
Process
Display
Decision
Manual
Operation
Data
Terminator
Document
Predefined
Process
Preparation
3.1.2. Shift Leader reviews
Switching order for accuracy.
Prioritizes based on notation from
Outage Coordination Team.
JTA: FAST Method
JTA: Task Decomposition
Task
(element)
Purpose
Cue (for
element)
Decision
Action
Displays
Controls
Feed
back
Likely
Errors
Check
primary
circulators
have
stopped
Avoid
pumping
out
water if
the
circuit is
breached
Trip
sheet
If any are
still opera
ting, stop
them
manually
Turn
off
manually
after 20
seconds
Mimics at
top of Panel
F should
be
positioned
horizontally
.
Ammeters
should
indicate no
current
Key
Protected
knobs at
right side
of desk E
Mimics
should
change.
Step missed.
Mimics
Misread
Ammeters
should
show no
current
Wrong dials
read.
Power Plant Operator Example
Ammeters not
checked
NERC PER-005-1
• R1.2. Each Reliability Coordinator, Balancing
Authority, and Transmission Operator
– shall design and develop learning objectives
and training materials
– based on the task list created in R1.1.
Learning Objective
• Specifies a single outcome
• Observable & Measurable
• Describes learner’s performance
• Three parts:
– measurable verb
– important condition (if any)
– criterion of acceptable performance (standard).
Switchman
Training
Duty
Train dispatchers on field
switching devices
Tasks
Sub-Tasks
Describe required
PPE
Inspect personal
protective
equipment (PPE)
Explain criteria for
rejecting PPE
Inspect Rubber
Gloves
Describe how to
order PPE
Learning Objectives
Maintain safe work
environment
Write safety
Procedures
Inspect Climbing
gear
Evaluate safety
equipment
Inspect Grounds
Objectives
Train field crews on
switching procedures
Investigate
accidents
Inspect testing
equipment
Learning Objectives - Cognitive Levels
(Jim Bowles – ERCOT)
Evaluation
Synthesis
Analysis
Application
Comprehension
Knowledge
• Evaluate the SPP process for tag
approval.
• Modify the SPP tag process to
accommodate current hour purchases.
• Determine the status of a tag.
• Analyze tag content.
• Validate (apply the rules) tag source
and sink.
• Explain source/sink requirements
• Distinguish tag source and sink
• Define tag source.
• State the contents of a tag path
Systematic Approach – match the following:
Objectives, Learning Activity, Assessment
Objective
Activity
Assessment
Evaluate
Modify
Experimentation
Scorecard
Determine
Analyze
Exercise
Short Answer
Validate
Explain
Distinguish
Group
Fill-in-the-blank
Discussion
Multiple choice
Define Hands-on True/False
State
Tell
Table created by John Taylor, NERC
Example:
“Coordinate a system response to a major disturbance”
Terminal Objective 2: Given a significant loss of generation (double
generator contingency), determine actions required using Real-Time
Contingency Analysis results.
Enabling
Objective
Learning
Experience
Resources /
References
Identify and
verify the
generation lost
indicated by a
unit trip alarm
on EMS.
Demonstration of
verifying
significant loss of
generation.
DevEMS
Alarm
Display, Siteover Display,
State
Estimator,
and Outage
Scheduler.
Simulation of a
significant
generation loss
on DevEMS.
Assessment
Trainee
verifies and
identifies the
unit tripped
and that
ICCP links
are up.
Table created by John Taylor, NERC
Expected
Duration
Developer
Instructor
30
minutes
Wayne
Wayne
60
minutes
Bert
John
NERC PER-005-1
• R1.3. Each Reliability Coordinator, Balancing
Authority, and Transmission Operator
– shall deliver the training established in R1.2.
Task:
Interpret SCADA
generated alarms
and information.
NERC PER-005-1
• R1.4. Each Reliability Coordinator, Balancing
Authority, and Transmission Operator
– shall conduct an evaluation of the training
program established in R1,
– to identify any needed changes to the training
program
Program Evaluation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
not just individual course evaluations
look at qualification program
look at continuing education program
how are new needs identified
how are these needs addressed in training
how effective is training that occurs
what impact on individual performance
what impact on team performance
what measures used
NERC PER-005-1
• R2. Each Reliability Coordinator, Balancing
Authority, and Transmission Operator
– shall verify each of its System Operator’s
capabilities to perform each assigned task
identified in R1.1.
– at least one time.
NERC PER-005-1
R2.1. Within six months of a modification of the
BES company-specific reliability-related tasks
– each Reliability Coordinator, Balancing Authority,
and Transmission Operator
– shall verify each of its System Operator’s
capabilities to perform the new or modified tasks.
NERC PER-005-1
• R3. At least every 12 months each Reliability
Coordinator, Balancing Authority, and
Transmission Operator shall provide each of its
System Operators
with at least 32 hours of emergency operations
training applicable to its organization that
reflects emergency operations topics
(which includes system restoration) using
training, drills, exercises, and hands on training
using simulators.
NERC PER-005-1
R3.1. Each Reliability Coordinator, Balancing Authority
and Transmission Operator that has operational
authority or control over Facilities with established
IROLs or has established operating guides or
protection systems to mitigate IROL violations
shall provide each System Operator with emergency
operations training using simulation technology such
as a simulator, virtual technology, or other
technology that replicates the operational behavior
of the BES during normal and emergency
conditions.