Latin Morphemes - For Such A Time As This

1

INTRODUCTION

&

LESSON ONE

Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

2

Latin Morphemes

Introduction

In the English language, big words are often made up of small word parts, called morphemes, that come from other languages – especially Latin.

You probably have some of this morpheme knowledge

“asleep” in your brain – all you need to do is “wake it up.”

When you know

– or remember – the meanings of these small word parts, you can unlock the meaning of some real jawbreakers.

For example, take the word

You think you have no idea what it means – and are not sure if being called this is a compliment or an insult. But once you know/remember the following, you can figure it out.

E- = very So --

BEN = good for you…)

LOQU =

-

OUS =

You ask, “Is it a REAL word?” It is if enough people use it.


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Latin Morphemes

Introduction

Some morphemes are “place bound” – that is, some are prefixes and always come at the beginning of a word (for example the morpheme “pre-”) and others are suffixes and always come at the end (for example the morpheme “-ous”). Still others, known as roots, can come anywhere in a word, and these can have prefixes and suffixes attached to them.

NOTE: In figuring out the meaning of a word, IF it has a suffix, start by saying the suffix meaning and then go back to the beginning and work down.

(speaking)

E- = very

BEN = good

LOQU = speak

-

OUS= full of

If there is no suffix, start with the first root – e.g., ebenloqu would be

very good speaking.


4

Latin Morphemes

Introduction

Some morphemes are “place bound” – that is, some are prefixes and always come at the beginning of a word (for example the morpheme “pre-”) and others are suffixes and always come at the end (for example the morpheme “-ous”). Still others, known as roots, can come anywhere in a word, and these can have prefixes and suffixes attached to them.

In each lesson, you’ll start by taking notes on some Latin roots, then add prefixes and suffixes.

Turn to page 4 in your Student Book and prepare to take notes on Latin Morphemes Lesson 1 Notes.


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Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes

Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know...

Our first Latin root in Lesson One is a morpheme that has two forms:

DICT, DICAT .

On page 4 of your Student Book, write the morpheme meanings.

Roots

1. dict; dicat =

speak; proclaim; set apart

Now think -- what words do you already know that have DICT or DICAT in them?

Chances are you probably thought of the word

DICTATION or DICTATOR or DEDICATE

What do these words have in common?

Speaking words for someone to write down; a person who tells everyone else what to do; to set something apart for a special use...

So DICT and DICAT means...


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Our next Latin root in Lesson One is the morpheme DUC.

Roots

1. dict; dicat = speak; proclaim; set apart

2. duc =

lead

Now think -- what words do you already know that have DUC in them?

Chances are you probably thought of the words

INTRODUCE or tear DUCT or INDUCE .


To bring something/someone new into a setting, a tube through which tears travel, to persuade...

So DUC means...


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Our next Latin root in Lesson One is the morpheme EQU.

Roots


2. duc = lead

3. equ =

equal; fair

Now think -- what words do you already know with EQU in them?

EQUATOR EQUAL EQUATION EQUALITY

Divides the earth into two equal halves


So EQU means...


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Our next Latin root is GARRUL .

Roots


2. duc = lead

3. equ = equal; fair

4. garrul =

chatter; talk

Perhaps you have heard the word

“ GARRULOUS ”?

This one is not so obvious – but a mental trick may help you remember it.

The morpheme “garrul” is full of

R’s, and a garrulous person

RRRRRuns on at the mouth....

And GARRUL means...


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Our next Latin root has tow forms: IG and AG .

Roots


2. duc = lead


Here are two IG word you may have heard:

BENIGN and MALIGNANT.

4. garrul = chatter; talk

5. ig; ag =

do; drive; act

These are words a doctor uses to give results of a cell biopsy to determine if a growth is cancerous or not, and they literally describe what the cells are doing – how they act.

And is something AGITATES you, bothers you to the point that it drives you to do something.

And so IG and AG mean...


10



Our next Latin root is LOCAT .

Roots


2. duc = lead


What word immediately pops into your mind with LOCAT ?

LOCATION 4. garrul = chatter; talk

5. ig; ag = do; drive; act

6. locat =

place

And a “location” is a __?__.

So LOCAT mean...


11



Our next Latin root is LOQU .

Roots


2. duc = lead




Put the letter “e” in front of it, and what word comes to mind?

ELOQUENT

6. locat = place

7. loqu =

speak

What is “eloquent” used to describe?

If you are being “eloquent,” what are you doing?

So LOQU means...


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Our next Latin root is MAGN .

Roots


2. duc = lead





Now think -- what words do you already know with MAGN in them?

MAGNIFY Y

MAGNIFICIENT

7. loqu = speak MAGNANIMOUS

8. magn =

great; large


To make larger, an adjective meaning great, to be forgiving and generous in a grand sort of way...

So MAGN means...


13



Our next Latin root is SOLI .

Roots


2. duc = lead





Now think -- what card game do you know with SOLI in the name?

SOLITAIRE

7. loqu = speak

8. magn = great; large

9. soli =

alone; only

And how do you play solitaire?

You play it alone – there is only you with the cards.

So SOLI means...


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Our last Latin root is VOC .

Roots


2. duc = lead





7. loqu = speak


9. soli = alone; only

10. voc =

voice; call

Now think -- what words do you know with VOC in them?

VOCAL

VOCABULARY

VOCATION


Spoken, words you know, a job that is your special calling...

So VOC means...


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Now we have the set of Latin roots for Lesson One.

Roots


2. duc = lead





Next we go to prefixes.

7. loqu = speak


9. soli = alone; only

10. voc = voice; call

Prefixes

11.


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Now we are ready to take notes on a set of prefixes.

As you write each one, add a dash after the prefix to remind you that this is where you add roots – following the prefix.

The first Latin prefix in Lesson One is the morpheme BEN – .


Prefixes

11. ben – =

good

Now think -- what words do you already know that have the prefix BEN – in them?

BENEFIT BENEDICTION BENIGN

What do the three words have in common?

A verb meaning to do good for, a blessing, and harmless...

So BEN- means...


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Our next Latin prefix is DE – .


Prefixes

11. ben – = good

This one has several related meanings. Again, what words do you know...

12. de – =

down; from; away; very


DECLINE DE-ESCALATE to take away from, to reduce or scale down, something that reduces nasal swelling...

DE – means...


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Our next Latin prefix has two forms of IN – and IM – .


Prefixes

11. ben – = good

12. de – = down; from; away; very

13. in –; im– =

in; not

This one has two very different meanings. You just have to figure out which meaning to use. Again, what words do you know...

INCONSISTENT INSPIRE

INAPPROPRIATE

The italicized words have one of the meanings

INDIVIDUAL and the plain words have the other meaning.

IMPOSSIBLE

To breathe in, to close in, to show someone is involved in a wrongdoing ...

ENCLOSE

INCRIMINATE

IMPLICATE

Not consistent, not appropriate, not divided.

The prefixes IN –, IM–, and EN– mean...


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Our next Latin prefix has two forms of INTRO – and INTRA – .


Prefixes

11. ben – = good


13. in –; im– = in; not

14. intro –; intra– =

within

What words do you know with the prefixes INTRO – or INTRA – ?

INTRODUCE

INTRAMURAL


To present or lead within, games played literally within the walls of a single school...

The prefixes INTRO – and INTRA-– mean...


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The next Latin prefix is MAL – .


Prefixes

11. ben – = good


13. in –; im– = in; not

14. intro –; intra– = within

15. mal – =

bad; ill

What words do you know with MAL – at the beginning?

MALADJUSTED

MALIGNANT

MALICIOUS


Badly adjusted, ill will, with evil intent...

The prefix MAL – means...


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The last Latin prefix in this lesson has two forms: PRE – and PRO – .


Prefixes

11. ben – = good


What words do you know with

PRE – or PRO – as a prefix?

PREDICT PROGRAM

13. in –; im– = in; not PREJUDICE PROGRESS


PREHISTORIC PROJECT

15. mal – = bad; ill


16. pre –; pro– =

before

To say something will happen before it does, to judge before you have the facts, the period of time before history was recorded, the paper you get before the play begins...?

The prefixes PRE – and PRO– mean...


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Now we have the set of Latin prefixes for Lesson One.


Prefixes

11. ben – = good


13. in –; im– = in; not


15. mal – = bad; ill

16. pre –; pro– = before

Next we go to suffixes.

Suffixes

17.


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Now we are ready to take notes on a set of suffixes.

As you write each one, add a dash before the suffix to remind you that this is where you add roots – in front of the suffix.

The first Latin suffix in Lesson One is the morpheme –AL .


Suffixes

17. –al =

relating to (adjective)

VOCAL

HISTORICAL

PREHISTORIC

Many English words end in the letters

–AL

, and when they do they are modifiers that relate to something.

So –AL at the end of a word...


24



The next Latin suffix is the morpheme –ATE .


Suffixes

17. –al = relating to (adj.)

18. –ate =

do; make; cause (verb)

What words come to mind that have –ATE at the end?

EDUCATE LIBERATE

LOCATE EVAPORATE

CELEBRATE INTIMIDATE

Each of these words are things that you __?__.

So –ATE at the end of a word means...


25



The next Latin suffix is the morpheme –ENCE .

16 pre –; pro– = before

Suffixes


18. –ate = do; make; cause (v.)

What words come to mind that have –ENCE at the end?

19. –ence =

condition; quality; act (noun)

DIFFERENCE

EXCELLENCE

COHERENCE

So –ENCE at the end of a word indicates the name of something – a noun that names a ...


26



The next Latin suffix is the morpheme –ION .


Suffixes



What words come to mind that have –ION at the end?

19. –ence = condition; quality; act (n.)

20. –ion =


ACTION

INFECTION

CONNECTION

So –ION at the end of a word indicates the name of something – a noun that names a ...


27



The next Latin suffix is the morpheme –ITY .


Suffixes




20. –ion = condition; quality; act (n.)

What words come to mind that have –ITY at the end?

21. –ity =


CHARITY

ACTIVITY

SINCERITY

So –ITY at the end of a word indicates the name of something – a noun that names a ...


28



The last Latin suffix has two forms: –OUS and –OSE .


Suffixes

What words come to mind that have –OUS or –OSE the end?



FAMOUS

19. –ence = condition; quality; act (adj.)


RELIGIOUS

MISCELLANEOUS

21. –ity = condition; quality; act (n.)

MOROSE

VERBOSE

BELLICOSE

22. –ous; –ose =

full of (adjective)

So –OUS or –OSE at the end of a word indicates a modifier that means ...


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Now we have the set of Latin suffixes for Lesson One.


Suffixes

17.

–al = relating to (adj.)




21. –ity = condition; quality; act (n.)

22. –ous; –ose = full of (adj.)

You now have all of the notes for

Lesson One (of Twelve).

Lesson One is the longest because it is the foundation on which you will build in the coming other eleven Latin Morpheme lessons.

When you finish these lessons, your vocabulary and your ability both to figure out and to create words will be MUCH GREATER than when you began!


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Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Words to Work

Part Two: WORDS TO WORK - Applying what you now know...

In Lesson One you will find the following words to “work” – that is, to analyze their meanings by (1) identifying the Latin morphemes and meaning(s) in each, (2) synthesizing that knowledge in a possible definition, and (3) comparing your synthesis to a dictionary definition.

1. vocal

2. predict

3. dedicate

4. beneficence

5. loquacious

6. locate

7. garrulous

8. equality

9. benediction

10. benign

11. malediction

These words are on page 4, instructions are on page 5, and space to work your words is on pages 6 and 7.

12. soliloquy

13. equity

14. inequity

15. magniloquence

16. introduce


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How to “Work a Word”

Let’s begin the first assignment together. On page 6, start by writing the first word...

Then beneath it, one per line, identify the morphemes you find in the word.

Next, synthesize your knowledge...

Finally, compare your knowledge...

1. vocal voc = voice; call

-al = characteristic of; relating to

M.D. = relating to the voice

D.D. = uttered by the voice

M.D. = “my definition”

D.D. = “dictionary definition”


32



Your first assignment is to work the first 8 words on page 4 in the numbered spaces on page 6 of your book.

For each word, compare and see how close you can come with your knowledge to what the all-knowing dictionary has to say...

Tomorrow, be prepared to share how you worked your words.

DAY 1 HW Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

33



Your second assignment is to work the last 8 words on page 4 in the numbered spaces on page 7 of your book.

For each word, compare and see how close you can come with your knowledge to what the all-knowing dictionary has to say...

Tomorrow, be prepared to share how you worked your words.

DAY 2 HW Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

34

Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Context Clues

Part Three: CONTEXT CLUES - Hints for a Reader...

Sometimes when we read, we come across a word we’ve never seen before, and we could use a clue to figure it out.

There are four main types of clues that often help solve a “mystery word,” and you can use one of these clues to give your reader a hint.

The four kinds of context clues are...

1. Definition

Sox’s bad luck came from a in context malediction for selling Babe Ruth to the Yankees – their fans wished evil upon the team.

2. Synonym

3. Antonym

4. Examples

DAY 3

He pronounced a malediction, a curse, on the malfunctioning computer.

Instead of the expected words of blessing on the project, her boss gave it a malediction.

The angry gardener spoke the malediction to his rival, “May your tomatoes never ripen and your corn be wormy!”


35

Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Context Clues

Part Three: CONTEXT CLUES - Hints for a Reader...

Your third assignment has two steps:

Step A: Select any 8 of the 16 words you worked and create a context clue sentence with each (on page 9 in your book).

Use at least one clue of each of the four types.

DAY 3 HW

Tomorrow you’ll have the opportunity to read aloud your sentences, saying “blank” for the word you chose, and see if your instructor or another learner can use your clue to identify what word from the Lesson One list belongs in the blank.

Step B: Using the roots, prefixes, and suffixes from Lesson One, create and work two new words. In place of the DD, write a context clue sentence (CCS) for your new word (on page 9 in your book).

Tomorrow, you’ll have the opportunity to challenge your instructor or another learner with your created words.


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Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Pencil & Paper Review

Part Four: REVIEW...

The fourth assignment for Lesson One is a three-step review.

Step A: Practice breaking apart the words on the first review sheet (page 10) by drawing braces and writing meanings above each morpheme; then write a possible definition to the side (see the first one for an example).

Step B: Once you have determined morpheme meanings and a possible definition for each “word,” try matching the “funny definitions” on the second review sheet (page 11) with what you have on the first sheet.

DAY 4 HW

Hopefully, you’ll get a laugh or two

(or possibly a groan) as you figure them out.

Tomorrow, we’ll go over the sheets just before taking a quiz on Latin Morphemes Lesson One.

The quiz will have about 8 words for you to work – through the level of My Definition.


37

Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Pencil & Paper Review

Part Four: REVIEW...

Step C: Make yourself a set of study cards (refer to page 12).

In the back of your book you will find eighteen sheets of color paper – one for each lesson.

To make your study cards, tear out the page for Lesson One, cut it apart on the marked lines, and hole-punch each card in the upper corner as indicated.

Take a card and write your first morpheme on the front of it.

Now turn that card over so the hole is at the bottom, and write the meaning on the back.

speak; proclaim; set apart

Set that card aside, and do the same for each of the other morphemes.

DAY 4

Now place the card with “Lesson One” written on it on the top of your stack, hook them together with a band or ring, and begin reviewing. If you have a three-ring binder for

English materials, hook your cards there for easy access.


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Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Taking the Quiz

Part Five Coming Tomorrow: Demonstrating What You Know...

The quiz will have about 8 words for you to work through the MD level.

Unless you are told otherwise on a very few words, you do NOT need to memorize a dictionary definition.

Most of them will be “real words,” but there may be one or two “created words” as well.

There will be one point for identifying each morpheme in the words, and one point for synthesizing your knowledge into a definition.

REMEMBER -- If a word has two or more morphemes, and you remember one but not the other, make a PARTIAL DEFINITION for PARTIAL CREDIT.

1. benloquious ben- = good +1 point equals loqu = speak +1 point +2 2/3

MD Something to do with good speech points

0 point

+ 2/3 point out of 4

THURSDAY TEST PREVIEW Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

Latin Morphemes - For Such A Time As This

INTRODUCTION

&

LESSON ONE

speak; proclaim; set apart

lead

equal; fair

chatter; talk

do; drive; act

place

speak

great; large

alone; only

voice; call

good

down; from; away; very

in; not

within

bad; ill

before

relating to (adjective)

do; make; cause (verb)

condition; quality; act (noun)

condition; quality; act (noun)

condition; quality; act (noun)

full of (adjective)

1. vocal voc = voice; call

-al = characteristic of; relating to

M.D. = relating to the voice

D.D. = uttered by the voice

M.D. = “my definition”

D.D. = “dictionary definition”

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Latin Morphemes - For Such A Time As This

INTRODUCTION

&

LESSON ONE

speak; proclaim; set apart

lead

equal; fair

chatter; talk

do; drive; act

place

speak

great; large

alone; only

voice; call

good

down; from; away; very

in; not

within

bad; ill

before

relating to (adjective)

do; make; cause (verb)

condition; quality; act (noun)

condition; quality; act (noun)

condition; quality; act (noun)

full of (adjective)

1. vocal voc = voice; call

-al = characteristic of; relating to

M.D. = relating to the voice

D.D. = uttered by the voice

M.D. = “my definition”

D.D. = “dictionary definition”

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