Practical Protocols
– experience and evidence
based routines
Henrik Ekberg
Living Donor Kidney
Transplantation - Protocols
Why do we need protocols?
• Every transplant centre needs to make decisions on
their routine practice.
• The reason for this is that all patients should be given
the best possible care.
• These protocols should be based on current
transplantation research
• They should be updated at regular intervals.
• The objective is to reach the highest international
standard of outcome after kidney transplantation.
How to make your own protocols
• The book is published in Chinese and in English.
• With the book you should find a CD.
• If you want to make a print out of the same text
as in the book, use the pdf file.
• If you want to make your own protocols, similar
to what we have suggested but with an update
or with local application, use the Word file.
A message from
The Transplantation Society
Professor Jeremy Chapman, President, TTS 2008-2010.
• “This book provides the practical elements needed for a
modern transplantation programme.
• It is absolutely essential in today’s clinical transplant
programmes that all the professional staff work as a unit.
• Without protocols covering the most important aspects of
transplant care there is no cohesion or collaboration.
• These Practical Protocols provide all transplant units the
opportunity to build their own protocols easily and on a
sound basis of international best practice. “
Structure of the Transplant Centre
Director
Transplant Centre
Transplant
Surgery
Vice Director
Transplant
Nephrology
Vice Director
Transplant
Laboratories
Risk
assessment
Cardiology
Transplant
Co-ordinator
Protocols
1. Kidney Recipient Work Up
2. Living Donor Work Up
3. Consent to Kidney Donation
4. Protocols for the Doctor: Admission of the
Recipient Before Transplantation
5. Protocols for the Nurse: Admission of the
Recipient Before Transplantation
6. Doctor’s Orders: Pre-operative Management in
Kidney Transplantation
(1) Kidney Recipient work up
1.
Cardiac evaluation
2.
Parathyroid function
3.
Glucose tolerance
4.
APC resistance
5.
Panel reactive antibodies
6.
Dentist
7.
Antibody screening (HIV, HBV, HCV, etc)
8.
Vaccination
9.
CT of iliac arteries
(2) Living Donor Work Up
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Informed consent
Blood group test
Electrocardiogram
Clinical chemistry according to a specified list
GFR
Glucose tolerance test
Echocardiogram
Renal artery ultrasound
Chest X-ray
Myocardial scintigraphy (if > 50 yrs old)
CT angiography of renal arteries
Nephrologist’s decision
Surgeon’s decision
More Protocols
7. Anaesthetist: Intra-operative Management in Kidney
Transplantation
8. Post-operative Management After Kidney
Transplantation
9. Routine Blood Samples After Kidney Transplantation
For the Nurse in the Transplant Ward
10. Flow Chart of Events of Nursing After Kidney
Transplantation
11. Flow Chart of Events of Nursing in Kidney Donation
12. Long-term Follow-up After Kidney Donation
13. Antibiotics and Kidney Transplantation
(14) Initial Immunosuppression After
Kidney Transplantation
1. Normal risk patient (with basiliximab)
2. Normal risk patient (with no induction)
3. NODAT risk (steroid avoidance)
4. NODAT risk (low-dose steroids)
5. High risk (with basiliximab induction)
6. High risk (with ATG induction)
(14) Initial Immunosuppression After
Kidney Transplantation
Normal risk Normal risk
(1)
(2)
NODAT (1)
Basiliximab
None
Basiliximab Basiliximab Basiliximab
Tac trough
5-8
8 – 10
8 – 10
3-7
8 – 10
10 - 12
Start dose
Mg/kg BID
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.07
Start dose
Mg BID for
70kg BW
3.5
4
4
3.5
4
5
MMF g BID
1
1
1
1
1
1
Prednisone
Mg/day
15 + 5
15 + 5
10 for
1 week
then 0
10
15 + 5
15 + 5
Induction
NODAT (2)
High risk
(1)
High risk
(2)
ATG
(14) Initial Immunosuppression After
Kidney Transplantation
Normal risk Normal risk
(1)
(2)
NODAT (1)
Basiliximab
None
Basiliximab Basiliximab Basiliximab
Tac trough
5-8
8 – 10
8 – 10
3-7
8 – 10
10 - 12
Start dose
Mg/kg BID
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.07
Start dose
Mg BID for
70kg BW
3.5
4
4
3.5
4
5
MMF g BID
1
1
1
1
1
1
Prednisone
Mg/day
15 + 5
15 + 5
10 for
1 week
then 0
10
15 + 5
15 + 5
Induction
NODAT (2)
High risk
(1)
High risk
(2)
ATG
(14) Initial Immunosuppression After
Kidney Transplantation
Normal risk Normal risk
(1)
(2)
NODAT (1)
Basiliximab
None
Basiliximab Basiliximab Basiliximab
Tac trough
5-8
8 – 10
8 – 10
3-7
8 – 10
10 - 12
Start dose
Mg/kg BID
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.07
Start dose
Mg BID for
70kg BW
3.5
4
4
3.5
4
5
MMF g BID
1
1
1
1
1
1
Prednisone
Mg/day
15 + 5
15 + 5
10 for
1 week
then 0
10
15 + 5
15 + 5
Induction
NODAT (2)
High risk
(1)
High risk
(2)
ATG
(14) Initial Immunosuppression After
Kidney Transplantation
Normal risk Normal risk
(1)
(2)
NODAT (1)
Basiliximab
None
Basiliximab Basiliximab Basiliximab
Tac trough
5-8
8 – 10
8 – 10
3-7
8 – 10
10 - 12
Start dose
Mg/kg BID
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.07
Start dose
Mg BID for
70kg BW
3.5
4
4
3.5
4
5
MMF g BID
1
1
1
1
1
1
Prednisone
Mg/day
15 + 5
15 + 5
10 for
1 week
then 0
10
15 + 5
15 + 5
Induction
NODAT (2)
High risk
(1)
High risk
(2)
ATG
(14) Initial Immunosuppression After
Kidney Transplantation
Normal risk Normal risk
(1)
(2)
NODAT (1)
Basiliximab
None
Basiliximab Basiliximab Basiliximab
Tac trough
5-8
8 – 10
8 – 10
3-7
8 – 10
10 - 12
Start dose
Mg/kg BID
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.07
Start dose
Mg BID for
70kg BW
3.5
4
4
3.5
4
5
MMF g BID
1
1
1
1
1
1
Prednisone
Mg/day
15 + 5
15 + 5
10 for
1 week
then 0
10
15 + 5
15 + 5
Induction
NODAT (2)
High risk
(1)
High risk
(2)
ATG
(14) Initial Immunosuppression After
Kidney Transplantation
Normal risk Normal risk
(1)
(2)
NODAT (1)
Basiliximab
None
Basiliximab Basiliximab Basiliximab
Tac trough
5-8
8 – 10
8 – 10
3-7
8 – 10
10 - 12
Start dose
Mg/kg BID
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.07
Start dose
Mg BID for
70kg BW
3.5
4
4
3.5
4
5
MMF g BID
1
1
1
1
1
1
Prednisone
Mg/day
15 + 5
15 + 5
10 for
1 week
then 0
10
15 + 5
15 + 5
Induction
NODAT (2)
High risk
(1)
High risk
(2)
ATG
(14) Initial Immunosuppression After
Kidney Transplantation
Normal risk Normal risk
(1)
(2)
NODAT (1)
Basiliximab
None
Basiliximab Basiliximab Basiliximab
Tac trough
5-8
8 – 10
8 – 10
3-7
8 – 10
10 - 12
Start dose
Mg/kg BID
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.07
Start dose
Mg BID for
70kg BW
3.5
4
4
3.5
4
5
MMF g BID
1
1
1
1
1
1
Prednisone
Mg/day
15 + 5
15 + 5
10 for
1 week
then 0
10
15 + 5
15 + 5
Induction
NODAT (2)
High risk
(1)
High risk
(2)
ATG
Evening (8 pm) the day before
transplantation
Tacrolimus 0.05 mg/kg (e.g. 3.5 mg)
MMF 1000 mg
Morning of the day of
transplantation (6 am)
Tacrolimus 0.05 mg/kg
MMF 1000 mg
At the start of transplantation in
the operating room
Methylprednisolone 500mg IV
Basiliximab 20 mg IV
In the evening
(8 pm) of the day of
transplantation
Tacrolimus 0.05 mg/kg
MMF 1000 mg
Prednisolone 100 mg IV
Every day after transplantation
(8 am and 8 pm) Days 1 – 30
Tacrolimus 0.05 mg/kg x 2 (target concentration 5 – 8 ng/mL)
MMF 1000 mg x 2
Prednisone 15 mg at 8 am and 5 mg at 8 pm
Day 4: basiliximab 20 mg IV
Days 30-60
Tacrolimus (target concentration 5 - 8 ng/mL)
MMF 750 mg x 2
Prednisolone 15 mg at 8 am
Days 60-90
Tacrolimus (target concentration 5 – 8 ng/mL)
MMF 750 mg x 2
Prednisolone 10 mg at 8 am
Days 90 and after
Tacrolimus (target concentration 5 – 8 ng/mL)
MMF 750 mg x 2 (or azathioprine 75 – 100 mg x 1)
Prednisolone 5 mg at 8 am
Final Protocols
15. Transplant Biopsy
16. Treatment of Acute Rejection
17. Long-term Follow-up After Kidney Transplant
18. Responsibilities of Surgeon and Nephrologist
19. The Gift of a Kidney
– Information for the Potential Donor
20. Further Reading
At your transplant center:
• Which protocols would you accept today as
they are?
• Which protocols would you like to modify to
make them applicable to your routines?
• Are there any protocols you would not use?
• Please, give me your comments and
suggestions:
henrik.ekberg@med.lu.se