Ubiquitous Devices and Applications for
Disaster Prepared
Smart Homes and Environment
Jane W. S. Liu
Institute of Information Science
Academia Sinica, Taiwan
http://openisdm.iis.sinica.edu.tw
PNC Annual Meeting, December 11, 2013, Kyoto, Japan
iGaDs
(intelligent Guards against Disasters)
Making effective use of data
and information
http://openisdm.iis.sinica.edu.tw
PNC Annual Meeting, December 11, 2013, Kyoto, Japan
“Water, water
everywhere, nor
any drop to drink”
from The Rime of the
Ancient Mariner, by
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Data, data
everywhere, nor good
use of them to keep
us as safe as we can
be in calamities
Why,
What,
How,
Big data
for IoT?
iGaDs
(Intelligen
t Guards
against
Disasters)
Disaster Prediction & Detection
From weather
Underground
From Minnesota Public
Radio Org.
Tsunami warning, landslide warning, debris flow monitoring systems
Earthquake Detection
 Affordable detectors based on that
 P (primary/pressure) wave travels
faster than S (secondary/shear)
waves, and generate only shock
 Slower S waves are destructive
 Early earthquake warning systems
consisting of seismic motion sensors
networked with computer(s)
 Issue warning based on likely
strength and progression of
seismic events and
 Can allow warning 20 seconds or
more before ground motion.
$ 29
OGC Sensor Web
Enablement Standards:
Vision,
Implementation and
Applications
Standard-Based Alert Delivery
Authenticated
message
senders
Integrated Public Alert and Warning System
http://www.fema.gov/emergency/ipaws/ipaws_cap_mg.pdf
Common Alert Protocol
ITU-T Recommendation X 1303 (07/2007)
A common format that supports
 Broadcast of messages of all
types to all public alert systems
 Message exchange between
emergency information systems
 Aggregation and correlation of
warnings from multiple sources
 End-to-end authentication and
validation
 Automatic reports by sensor
systems to analysis centers
 Automatic processing by smart
devices and applications
Happenings Now
 iPAWS-CAP-EAS/CMAS
CMAS
CMAS
 Google Now Alerts

Guide for CAP-EAS
implementation published
by EAS industry

Weekly testing in USA
since December 2011
A Future Scenario
Alert xmlns: …
Sender: Central Weather Bureau
Status: Actual
MsgType: Alert
Scope: Public
Info
Category: Geo
Event: Earthquake
Urgency: Immediate
Severity: Strong
Certainty: Observed
Description: A strong earthquake
measuring 7.8 occurred in …
Parameters: Magnitude, depth, …
Areas: Polygons specifying
affected areas
Resources: … …
iGaDs in
iGad
OR
Smart Homes
(AlertType == Tornado) AND (Severity >= 3) AND
(OutsideAirPressure * THRESHOLD_RATIO
< InsideAirPressure)
and
Buildings
(AlertType == Earthquake) AND (Magnitude >= 6)
iGaD
CAP-aware
elevator controller
CAP-aware
entry access
controller
CAP-aware
building
management
system
(AlertType == Earthquake) AND (Magnitude>= 7.5) OR
(AlertType == Tornado) AND (Severity >= 4)
General Structure and Major Components
Modem
Alert
message
buffer
Signature
validation
XML
parser
 Standard interfaces for
processing & responding to
standard-based alarms
CAP Message Processor
Affected
areas
Location
filter
Device
location
Alert type &
information
 Standard-based alarm delivery
and message exchanges as
parts of DM infrastructure
Resources
Alert
records
Rule processor
Activation
parameters
and rules
Rule engine
Local data
Device interfaces
Configuration
files
Device
Controller
 Dependable, low-cost,
customizable smart devices for
enhanced disaster readiness
“Cyber-physical elements of
enhanced disaster prepared smart
environment,” by Liu, Chu and
Shih, in IEEE Computer
“Ubiquitous smart devices and
applications for disaster
preparedness,” by Liao, et al, in
Proceedings of UFirst, UIC 2012
Challenges
 Minimizing energy consumption for iGaDs on
battery powered platforms
 Pushing alert messages to iGaDs and people
 Interfaces and standards, including
 With information sources (e.g., BIM, store
layouts, building management information
system, etc.)
 With sensors, actuators, location devices
and services, etc.
 Creating dual (everyday and emergency) use
applications
iGaDs in
iGad
OR
Smart Homes
(AlertType == Tornado) AND (Severity >= 3) AND
(OutsideAirPressure * THRESHOLD_RATIO
< InsideAirPressure)
and
Buildings
(AlertType == Earthquake) AND (Magnitude >= 6)
iGaD
CAP-aware
elevator controller
CAP-aware
entry access
controller
CAP-aware
building
management
system
(AlertType == Earthquake) AND (Magnitude>= 7.5) OR
(AlertType == Tornado) AND (Severity >= 4)
BIM
From “Daily life of building information modeling” by Kristin Dispenza at Buildingpedia.com, June 2010
Building
Information
Model Cloud
Maintenance records
Local
sensor
data
Spatial and
layout data
iGad
iGaD
Structure
data
An Example of CAP-Aware Application
?xmlns version = “1.0”
<alert xmlns = …
…
<event>Earthquake</event>
<urgency>Immediate</urgency>
<severity>Strong</severity>
<certainty>Observed</certainty>
…
<parameter>
<valueName>Magnitude
</valueName>
<value>7.2</value>
</parameter>
…
<area>
<circle>32.9525 -115.5585
0</circle>
</area>
…
Strong
earthquake
CAP alert
Earthquake,
Stay calm,
Move to
Checkout
counters
…
Follow
directions as
indicated by
either arrows
to a safer place
Store Layouts
In-Store Server
Local
Info
Inventory &
floor-plan
manager
Retail data capture &
analysis tools
LAN access points
Employee
Employee
device
device
Employee
device
Customers’
Mobile
devices
Observations
 On BIM data:
Data on building information modeling, store layouts, etc.
are likely to become BIG with increasingly wider adoption
of the BIM process worldwide
 3 – 6D BIM data are highly structured and complex
 Privacy protection is important
 Current obstacles include missing international
standards and interoperability and exchangeable of
information in digital formats
On use of BIM data by iGaDs
 Small grains of data are accessed by millions of smart
devices and applications concurrently
 Real-time response is always required; sometimes with
end-to-end delay < 1 sec.


IGaDs + Cloud + Big data
= Massive Business
Opportunity
From “The massive M2M business opportunity,” by B. Chung at Loyalty Today, February 2013.
Thank
You!