Some Innovative Elements of
Several Courses That Integrate
Emergency Management and
Homeland Security Concerns and
Some Suggested Materials
Paula D. Gordon, Ph.D
.
Presentation
FEMA Higher Education Conference,
Emmitsburg, Maryland, June 6 - 9, 2011

An All-Hazards Approach
• A case for an all-hazards approach that encompasses a full range of possible hazards and catastrophic events that face us post-9/11 and post Katrina.
• The shift in Federal policy toward an All-Hazards
Approach.
2

Some EM & HS Courses
This presentation provides an overview of some innovative aspects of several of the courses that
Dr. Gordon teaches, with a focus on courses that she has developed and is currently in the process of developing and refining for three university programs. These include integrated courses in emergency management and homeland security:
3

:
Auburn University’s Center for Governmental Services’
Emergency Management for Government and Private
Sector Certificate Program
• Key Elements of Critical Infrastructure Protection and Continuity Post 9/11 and Post Katrina: April
4 – May 1, 2011
• Planning and Preparedness for Homeland Security and Emergency Management Post-9/11 and Post-
Katrina: June 13 – July 10, 2011
• Unmet Needs and Challenges: Some Key
Challenges Facing Homeland Security and
Emergency Management Post 9/11 and Post
Katrina: October 3 – October 30, 2011
For further information, see http://www.auburn.edu/outreach/cgs/ .
4

Courses at the University of Richmond and
Eastern Kentucky University
• University of Richmond:
Hazards and Threats for the Future
Spring 2011
• University of Richmond:
Research Practicum
Fall 2011
• Eastern Kentucky University HLS 800
Homeland Security Policy Analysis
Fall (B) 2011
5

Some Perspectives Concerning
Emergency Management
And the Role of Homeland Security Concerns in Emergency Management
• Is the focus of emergency management solely on natural hazards?
• Does the focus on emergency management include an all-hazards approach that encompasses terrorism and homeland security threats and challenges?
• Does the focus on emergency management encompass both an all-hazards approach and attention to catastrophic events?
• Does the focus on emergency management encompasses a goal of helping individuals develop the knowledge base, skill sets, and capabilities needed to assume and more effectively carry out their roles of responsibility relating to an all-hazards approach to emergency management?
6

Some Organizing Typologies, Concepts, and Tools
• Todd Stewart’s Counter-Terrorism Strategic Model:
Similarities between this depiction of the homeland security cycle and the emergency management cycle
• A Typology of Emergencies of Differing Levels of Severity
• The Homeland Security Impact Scale and its
Applicability to an All-Hazards Approach to
Emergency Management
• The Public Safety/National Security Grid
7

Todd Stewart’s
Counter-Terrorism Strategic Model:
• Todd Stewart's model is helpful in depicting a comprehensive approach to preventing as well as preparing for and responding to potential terrorist-related events.
• A model that helps clarify key similarities and differences between the homeland security cycle and the emergency management cycle
• A model that importantly includes mitigation.
8

Recovery &
Reconstitution
Identify & Characterize
Threats
Deterrence
Post-Event
Response
Forensics &
Attribution
TERRORISM
EVENT OR
CAMPAIGN
Prediction
Prevention
(Pre-emption) Crisis
Management
Detect &
Characterize
Mitigation
(Preparation and Protection)
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Paula Gordon’s All-Hazards Adaptation of Todd Stewart’s Strategic Model:
• The following adaptation of Todd Stewart's model is helpful in depicting a comprehensive approach to preventing as well as preparing for and responding to potential events involving all hazards, whatever their origin may be.
• A model that helps clarify key similarities and differences between the homeland security cycle and the emergency management cycle
• A model that importantly includes preparedness mitigation, and situational awareness .
10

Recovery &
Reconstitution
Plus Mitigation &
Preparedness
Measures for the Future
Identify, Assess, &
Characterize Hazards
Preparedness
Post-Event
Response
AN ALL-
HAZARDS
EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT
CYCLE
Remediation,
Protective
Measures, &
Mitigation
Crisis
Management Contingency
Planning &
& Event
Response
Continuity of
Operations Planning
Situational Awareness & Assessment
When & If the Event is Foreseeable or
Imminent & When the Event Occurs
Paula D. Gordon, Ph.D, http://gordonhomeland.com
5/20/2011
Modeled Loosely on an Adaptation of Todd Stewart’s Counter Terrorism Strategic Model

A Typology of Emergencies of Differing Levels of Severity
A typology that is pertinent to an all-hazards approach to emergency management as well as to a natural hazards approach to emergency management.
• A typology that helps clarify the differences in impacts of emergencies of differing levels of severity and the implications of those differences for the emergency management cycle.
12

Size of
Emergency
Number of Dead &
Injured
Roles of
Government
Approach Characteristics of Care
Small Scale Scores Local, State, and Regional
Surge of capabilities
Manageable
Skill &
Training
Needs
Surge capability
Medium
Scale
Large
Scale
Hundreds
Thousands
All levels of government
All levels of government
Modified
Modified to makeshift
Mostly makeshift
Normal to minimal
Normal to minimal
Networked surge capability
Networked surge capability
Make do capability
Catastrophic
Scale
Millions All levels of government
Minimal or worse
Mega-
Catastrophe
Multimillions to billions
Remaining vestiges of government
Totally makeshift
Minimal if existent
Improvisational skills
Adapted from P. Gordon " Comparative Scenario and Options Analysis: Important Tools for Agents of Change Post 9/11 and
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Post Hurricane Katrina," Homeland Security Review , Vol. 1 No. 2 , 2006 ( http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/options/Analysis.html
)

The Homeland Security Impact Scale: Its
Applicability to an All-Hazards Approach to
Emergency Management
• The Homeland Security Impact Scale provides a common frame of reference that can be useful in considering and arriving at a consensus concerning the impacts of disasters.
• The Homeland Security Impact Scale provides a common frame of reference that can be useful in considering actions that can be taken to mitigate the impacts of disasters or emergencies of differing levels of severity or to address and help reverse them once they have occurred.
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• 0 -- No real impact on national security, economic security, or personal security
• 1 -- Local impact in areas directly affected
• 2 -- Significant impact in some areas that were not directly affected
• 3 -- Significant market adjustment (20% plus drop); some business and industries destabilized; some bankruptcies, including increasing number of personal bankruptcies and bankruptcies of small businesses, and waning of consumer confidence
• 4 -- Economic slowdown spreads; rise in unemployment and underemployment accompanied by possible isolated disruptive incidents and acts, increase in hunger and homelessness
• 5 -- Cascading impacts including mild recession; isolated supply problems; isolated infrastructure problems; accompanied by possible increase in disruptive incidents and acts, continuing societal impacts
15

(Continued)
• 6 -- Moderate to strong recession or increased market volatility; regional supply problems; regional infrastructure problems accompanied by possible increase in disruptive incidents and acts; worsening societal impacts
• 7 -- Spreading supply problems and infrastructure problems accompanied by possible increase in disruptive incidents and acts, worsening societal impacts, and major challenges posed to elected and non-elected public officials
• 8 -- Depression; increased supply problems; elements of infrastructure crippled accompanied by likely increase in disruptive incidents and acts; worsening societal impacts; and national and global markets severely impacted
• 9 -- Widespread supply problems; infrastructure verging on collapse with both national and global consequences; worsening economic and societal impacts accompanied by likely widespread disruptions
• 10 -- Possible unraveling of the social fabric, nationally and globally, jeopardizing the ability of governments to govern and keep the peace
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(Continued)
• "Disruptions" and "incidents" can include demonstrations, work stoppages, strikes, organized or spontaneous vandalism, looting, and riots. Also included are sabotage and terrorist acts and attacks. (The scale and these notations have been adapted by
Paula D.Gordon from the Y2K Impact Scale developed by Bruce F.
Webster of WDCY2K and sent by him to the membership of
WDCY2K on March 4, 1998.)
• "Supply problems" and "infrastructure problems" may include food shortages; availability of potable water; degradation of water purity, water distribution and/or waste management; fuel/heating oil shortages, disruptions in utilities (power, gas, telecommunications), disruption in the financial sector, disruptions in transportation (airlines, trains, trucking, ports, ships); pharmaceutical shortages; disruption of health care services or emergency medical services; disruption of fire and public safety services; disruptions or inadequacies, or overwhelming of public works operations and services.
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• A way of seeing public safety and homeland security as being mutually inclusive
• A balanced and integrated emphasis on both public safety and homeland security, not one over the other.
18

9,1 9,9
Public Safety 5,5
1,1 Homeland Security 1,9
19

Some Selected Materials
The following are materials, websites, videos, and DVD’s that can be used in the development and implementation of courses and curricula focusing on an all-hazards approach to homeland security and emergency management.
Complete references for these materials can be found in the
“List of Homeland Security and Emergency Management
References and Resources” compiled by Paula D. Gordon and posted at GordonPublicAdministration.com
( http://GordonPublicAdministration.com
). The 102 page
List of References and Resources includes twenty-two categories and is posted in two parts in the File Section of the GordonPublicAdministration.com website.
GordonHomeland.com ( http://GordonHomeland.com
) and
GordonPublicAdministration.com
( http://GordonPublicAdministration.com
) include articles, reports, publications, and presentations on homeland security and emergency management and organizational, managerial, ethical, and educational issues. The websites have been developed by Paula D. Gordon and are provided as a free public service.
20

Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Paula D. Gordon, “Improving Homeland Security
& Critical Infrastructure Protection and Continuity
Efforts.” Access at http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/hsciprep ort.pdf
or use link at http://gordonhomeland.com
.
• Paula D. Gordon, “The Different Nature of
Terrorism and Terrorist Threats Post-9/11 and the Implications of These Differences.” Use link at http://gordonhomeland.com
or access at http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/thediffer entnatureofterrorism.htm
.
21

Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Walid Phares, author of The War of Ideas:
Jihadism against Democracy and Future
Jihad: Terrorist Strategies against the West, presentation at the Heritage Foundation,
February 27, 2007. View online at http://www.cspanvideo.org/program/197185-1 .
• Walid Phares, "Education Versus Jihad.” HS
Today, November 2006. Also access at http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/terrorism.
php?id=466419 .
• “Obsession: Radical Islam’s War Against the
West,” a documentary, 2006. Available on DVD at http://obsessionthemovie.com
.
22

Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• A new documentary entitled “Iranium” is accessible at http://www.iraniumthemovie.com/
“In approximately 60 minutes, Iranium powerfully reports on the many aspects of the threat America and the world now faces using rarely-before seen footage of Iranian leaders, and interviews with 25 leading politicians, Iranian dissidents, and experts on: Middle East policy, terrorism, and nuclear proliferation.” In this documentary, the threat of Iran’s use of EMP
(electromagnetic pulse) and its possible impacts are mentioned.
23

Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• CSIS Statesmen's Forum video OR transcript: John
Brennan, Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism, “Securing the Homeland by
Renewing American Strength, Resilience, and
Values,” Wednesday, May 26, 2010. Access at http://csis.org/files/attachments/100526_csisbrennan.pdf
or see event transcript at the same URL.
• Newt Gingrich: America at Risk: Camus, National Security, and Afghanistan . American Enterprise Institution,
Thursday, July 29, 2010. Access at http://www.aei.org/video/101267 . (URL for the Resources that Newt Gingrich quoted from and some of the quotes in his presentation: http://www.aei.org/docLib/America%20at%20Risk%20-
%20July%2029-%202010%20Event%20Materials.pdf
.)
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Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• “Principles of Emergency Management” from
FEMA: http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/emprincipl es.asp
• Principles of Emergency Management October 10,
2008, 1 page.
• Principles of Emergency Management Brochure.
September 11, 2007. 9 pages.
• Principles of Emergency Management Slide
Presentation.
Developed by Jim Fraser, February
14, 2008. 18 Slides.
25

Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Claire B. Rubin, editor, Emergency Management: The
American Experience 1900 – 2005, Public Entity Risk
Institute, ( http://riskinstitute.org
), 2007.
• Claire B. Rubin, 4/9/08 Transcript of Forum Presentation:
Emergency Management: The American Experience,
1900 – 2005. View at http://www.emforum.org/vlibrary/all.htm
.
• David A. McEntire, Introduction to Homeland Security:
Understanding Terrorism with an Emergency
Management Perspective, Wiley, 2009.
26

Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Stephen Flynn speaking on his book The Edge of Disaster ~
Rebuilding a Resilient Nation at the Houston World Affairs
Council, March 27, 2007. See video at http://www.cspanvideo.org/program/197358-1 .
• Stephen Flynn, The Edge of Disaster, Random House,
2007.
• Secretary Mike Leavitt, U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, Emergency Preparedness Health Summit, National Press
Club, April 18, 2006. View online at http://www.C-
SPAN.org/videolibrary . ID#192090-1. 45 minutes.
27

Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• April 2003 Frontline Program: Cyberwar (PBS) (Also see archived program, transcript, and interviews online at http://www.pbs.org
.)
• Paula D. Gordon, "Infrastructure Threats and Challenges:
Before and After September 11, 2001". PA TIMES, Vol.
24, Issue 12, December 2001. Reprinted as a commentary in the Journal of Homeland Security, April 16, 2002.
Also posted at http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/homeland_infra.ht
ml or see link at http://gordonhomeland.com
.
• Paula D. Gordon, "A Matrix Approach to Comparing and
Contrasting Some Differing Perspectives on the Federal
Government’s Role in Hurricane Katrina and in Potential
Catastrophic Events in the Future." Access at http://GordonPublicAdministration.com
.
28

Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Critical Infrastructure Task Force. Washington, DC: Homeland
Security Advisory Council, January 2006 (50 pages). Access at: www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/HSAC_CITF_Report_v2.pdf
.
• Ted G. Lewis, Critical Infrastructure Protection in
Homeland Security ~ Defending a Networked Nation,
Wiley-Interscience, 2006.
• Naval Postgraduate School Course Materials and videos on radical extremism and the resources of the Homeland
Security Digital Library. Access at https://www.hsdl.org
.
29

Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• *General Russel Honore, Presentation on Hurricane Katrina, a presentation before the Houston Forum on February 13,
2006. Access at http://www.cspanvideo.org/program/id/155435 .
• *General Russel Honore, September 9, 2005 CNN transcript in which General Honore compares the crisis to a football game in which you cannot expect to win any ground in the first quarter.
• Michael Brown, Presentation on Hurricane Katrina and
Weather Emergency Preparedness, January 18, 2006
Video can be viewed at http://www.cspanvideo.org/program/id/153798 .
* For particularly significant insights into the massive challenges relating to catastrophic event planning, preparedness, mitigation, and response and the Federal approach to Hurricane Katrina
30

Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Michael Brown, February 11, 2006, Congressional
Deposition. Access at http://katrina.hours.gov/brown/depo.doc
.
• Paula D. Gordon, "Thoughts about Katrina: Responses to
Two Questions about Hurricane Katrina and America's
Resilience,“ December 1, 2005 (Prepared for the December
19-21, 2005 Forum on Building America's Resilience to
Hazards, sponsored by The American Meteorological Society in collaboration with The Space Enterprise Council of the
U.S. Chamber of Commerce.) Access at http://gordonhomeland.com
.
31

Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• *Susan B. Glasser and Michael Grunwald, "Department's
Mission Was Undermined From Start", Washington Post,
December 22, 2005. Access at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2005/12/21/AR2005122102327.html
.
• *Michael Grunwald and Susan B. Glasser, "Brown's Turf
Wars Sapped FEMA's Strength" Washington Post,
December 23, 2005.
Access at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2005/12/22/AR2005122202213.html?nav=hcmod ule .
* For extraordinary insights into the background Federal homeland security efforts from after 9/11 through Hurricane Katrina.
32

Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Paula D. Gordon, Presenter, "Improving
Homeland Security - Continuing Challenges and
Opportunities," transcript of Emergency
Information Infrastructure Partnership (EIIP)
Virtual Forum, March 24, 2004. Posted at http://gordonhomeland.com
.
• Paula D. Gordon, "Transforming and Leading
Organizations," (Examples from disaster management.) (Posted at http://gordonhomeland.com
. Also published in
Government Transformation, Winter 2004-05 issue.
33

Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Paula D. Gordon, "Capabilities and Skills Needed by Those in New Roles of Responsibility for
Homeland Security at the Federal, State, and
Local Levels of Government." Posted at http://gordonhomeland.com
and published in the
PA TIMES, Vol. 28, Issue 3, March 2005 (a publication of the American Society for Public
Administration).
• Paula D. Gordon, "Comparative Scenario and
Options Analysis: Important Tools for Agents of
Change Post 9/11 and Post Hurricane Katrina,"
Homeland Security Review, Vol. 1 No. 2,
2006. Posted at http://gordonhomeland.com
or http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/options
Analysis.html
.
34

Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Paula D. Gordon, "Public Administration in the
Public Interest: Thoughts About Public
Administration Post September 11, 2001".
Posted at http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/public_a dministration_in_the_pub.html
or see link at http://gordonhomeland.com
• Paula D. Gordon, "The 9/11 Commission as an
Incident Debriefing" May 18, 2004. Posted at http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/911debr iefing.pdf
or see link at http://gordonhomeland.com
.
35

Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Paula D. Gordon, “The Homeland Security Impact
Scale: An Alternative Approach to
Assessing Homeland Security and Critical
Infrastructure Protection Efforts and a Frame of
Reference for Understanding and Addressing
Current Challenges.” Access at http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/thehom elandsecurityimpactscale.htm
or use link at http://gordonhomeland.com
.
• Paula D. Gordon, “Strategic Planning and Y2K
Technology Challenges:Lessons and Legacies for
Homeland Security.” Access at http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/homela nd_strat.html
or use link at http://gordonhomeland.com
.
36

Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Paula D. Gordon, “Using E-Technology to
Advance Homeland Security Efforts.” Access at http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/etechnol ogy.html
or use link at http://gordonhomeland.com
.
• Paula D. Gordon, “A Common Goal for
Contingency Planning and Management,
Emergency Management, and Homeland
Security: Building a Disaster Resilient Nation.”
Access at http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/Commo nGoal.html
or use link at http://gordonhomeland.com
.
37

Some Selected Materials
(Continued)
• Paula D. Gordon, "The State of Emergency
Management and Homeland Security," PA
TIMES, Vol. 30, Issue 8, August 2007. Also posted at http://gordonhomeland.com
or see or http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/stateofE
M.html
.
• Paula D. Gordon, “Challenges for the Future of
Homeland Security and Emergency Management
Education,” PA TIMES, Vol. 31, Issue 8, August
2008. Also see http://gordonhomeland.com
.
38

University Affiliations,
Contact Information & Websites
Paula D. Gordon, Ph.D.
• Auburn University Emergency Management for Government &
Private Sector Certificate Program
• University of Richmond
• Eastern Kentucky University
E-Mail: pgordon@starpower.net
Phone: (202) 241 0631
Websites: http://GordonPublicAdministration.com
http://GordonHomeland.com
and http://www.jhu.edu/pgordon
39