UN Peacekeeping
Panacea or Predicament?
Post-Cold War Conflict
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Threat of nuclear war
is gone
End of Security
Council paralysis
Success in Gulf War I
Intra-state v.
interstate conflict
Rise of failed states
Optimism Fades
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Somalia
Bosnia
Rwanda
History of UN Peacekeeping
• 56 Suez
• 60 Congo
Classifications of Peacekeeping
 1st
Generation –
Peace Monitoring
 2nd Generation –
Nation Building
 3rd Generation –
Peace Making
Diehl’s Criteria for Success

Organizing Agency
a.
b.
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Regional Organization
Well equipped
Timing
a.
b.
c.
Ceasefire
Peace deal in place
Pre-hostilities
Diehl’s Criteria for Success
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Host State Consent
Neutrality
Geography
a.
b.
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Interposition
Vulnerability
3rd Party
Cooperation
Mandate/Mission
Other Peacekeeping Issues
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Who Pays? Who Serves?
A Permanent UN army?
The right to intervene in
a humanitarian crisis,
“The Obligation to
Protect”
Security Council Reform
2nd Generation or Nation
Building
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Roland Paris – “ The
Limits of Liberal
Internationalism”
Are Democracy and
Capitalism the right
models for nation
building?
International
Criminal Court
(ICC)
Case Studies OTP
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UNEF – Sinai
Bosnia
Cyprus
Somalia
Rwanda
Darfur?
Can We Save Darfur?....Congo?
Somalia?.......Mali?
The Situation in Darfur
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AU Peacekeeping Force
Security Council
authorization for a UN
Force
280k dead, 3 million
displaced
Muslim v. Christian?
Arab v. African?
Global Climate Change?
Ceasefire?
Spillover into Chad
China and Sudan
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Chinese firms have invested $15 billion since 1996
mostly in the oil industry boosting Sudanese
government revenue
Offsetting US sanctions that have been in place since
1997
%10 of China’s oil imports come from Sudan
China has rejected sanctions in the UN Security
Council
Oil revenue has allowed Sudan to wage war in Darfur
China has built arms factories in Sudan which have
countered the UN arms embargo
Steven Spielberg and the Olympics