Tourism Network and
Supply Components
The travel industry is the composite of
organizations, both private and public, that are
involved in the development, production, and
marketing of products and services to serve the
needs of the travelers. (Gee and Makens, 1997)
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
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• Businesses and corporations are regarded
as components of the travel industry
classified as:
– Direct providers
– Support services
– Developmental organizations
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
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Direct Providers
• Includes businesses that are associated with travel, such
as airlines, hotels, restaurants, ground transportation,
travel agencies and retail shops.
• These businesses provide services, activities, and
products that are consumed and/or purchased directly by
travelers.
• They represent the sectors of the industry that are visible
to the travelers.
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
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Support Services
• Lends support to direct providers.
• It includes specialized services such as tour organizers,
travel and trade publications, hotel management firms,
and travel research firms.
• It also includes basic supplies and services such as
contract laundry and contract food services.
• Support services sell goods and services directly but not
exclusively to tourists.
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
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Developmental Organization
• It includes planners, government agencies, financial
institutions, real estate developers and educational and
vocational training institutions.
• These organizations deal with tourism development
which tend to be more complex and broader in scope
than the production of daily travel services.
• The decisions and results of tourism development are
more long-term in nature than the first two categories
which deal more with operations.
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
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Tourism Supply Components
1. Natural Resources
2. Infrastructure
3. Superstructure
4. Transportation and transportation equipment
5. Hospitality Resources
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
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Natural Resources
• Includes elements in an area for the use and
enjoyment of visitors such as climate, landforms,
terrain, flora, fauna, bodies of water, beaches,
natural beauty and water supply for drinking,
sanitation and similar uses.
• The physical characteristics of an area can be
generalized as natural scenery, climate, and
environment.
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
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Infrastructure
• Consists of all underground and surface developmental
construction such as water supply systems, sewage
disposal systems, gas lines, electrical and
communication systems, drainage systems and other
constructed facilities such as highways, airports, rail
roads, roads, drives, parking lots, parks, night lighting,
marinas and dock facilities, bus and train station facilities
and similar tourist service installations.
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
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Superstructure
• The above ground facility services such as
airport buildings, passenger traffic
terminals, hotels, motels, resorts,
restaurant, shopping centers, places of
entertainment, museums, stores, and
similar structures.
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
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Transportation and Transportation
Equipment
• Includes items such as ships, airplanes,
trains, buses, limousines, taxis,
automobiles, cog railways, aerial tramway,
and similar passenger transportation
facilities.
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
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Hospitality Resources
• Hospitality resources refers to the general feeling of
welcome that the visitors receive while visiting a
destination area.
• It is the way that tourist services is delivered by service
providers. As well as the general feeling of warmth from
the local population.
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
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Hospitality Resources
• Tourists will have a more enjoyable vacation if
they feel welcomed by the host population and
will certainly feel awkward and unhappy if they
feel resented.
• Hospitality resources can be improved by
training tourism personnel to be hospitable and
encouraging positive feelings toward tourism
and tourists by the general public.
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
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Hospitality Resources
• Include the cultural wealth of an area which makes
possible the successful hosting of tourists. Examples are
the welcoming spirit of tourist business employees,
attitudes of the residents towards visitors, courtesy,
friendliness, sincere interest, willingness to serve and to
get better acquainted with visitors, and other
manifestations of warmth and friendliness.
• It also includes the cultural resources of an area such as
fine arts, literature, history, music, dramatic art, dancing,
and shopping.
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
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Hospitality Resources
• Hospitality resources can be improved by training tourism personnel
to be hospitable and encouraging positive feelings towards tourism
and tourists by the general public.
• Hospitality training aims to motivate service providers to be
hospitable in dealing with tourists.
• It is assumed that providing more hospitable services will result in a
more satisfied tourist who will be inclined to return and advertise to
other potential tourists through word of mouth.
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
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• To enable service providers to render hospitable
services, it is necessary to change their present
behavior.
• This change of behavior is brought about by a change in
attitude and an increase in the level of knowledge.
• The three aspects of attitudes are toward self, toward
others and toward the tourism industry.
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
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• Attitude toward self
– If an individual’s self-esteem or attitude toward self is
low, that individual will tend to behave in such a way
that the feedback from others will confirm the low
opinion of himself.
– Hence, it is necessary to change the individual’s
perception of self in order to improve his behavior.
– If service providers can be made to believe that they
and their work is important, their work and their
actions towards tourist will reflect this feeling.
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
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• Attitude toward others
– Service providers should be assisted in
developing positive feelings toward fellow
employees and tourists that will result in
positive behavior toward the tourists.
– This can be achieved by training the individual
regarding teamwork and interdependence in
getting the job done.
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
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• Attitude toward the tourism industry
– A positive attitude of service providers towards
tourists can be brought about only when employees
are made aware of how important tourism is to their
country, city and community.
– By being aware of the amount of revenue, jobs, taxes
generated and the dispersion the tourist dollar
throughout the community, employees may become
convinced of the economic and social significance of
the industry of which they are a part.
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
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Community Awareness Programs
• Although the tourists is most directly affected by the
degree of hospitality shown by service providers, the
overall feeling of welcome within a community will also
enhance or detract from the vacation experience.
• Residence of a destination area cannot be trained to act
in a hospitable manner toward tourists, but a community
awareness program can help develop a more positive
attitude toward the tourists.
• The aims of the program are to build acceptance of
tourism and to build an understanding of the tourist.
Principles of Tourism 1 By:
Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D.
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The End
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