Title of Project Activity :
Building Capabilities of Community
Volunteers and Faith-Based
Organizations as Advocates for Child
Protection
Implementing Organization:
National Council of Social Development
Foundation of the Phils, Inc. (NCSD)
Activity Participants :
75 Volunteers From Dagupan City,
Ormoc and Tacloban City
Duration of Activity:
4 day each as a total of 12 days
Activity Goals and Objectives
Goals:
Immediate Goal
To train and mobilize 75 faith-based and
community volunteers as Frontline
advocates for the promotion on child’s
rights.
Long-term Goal To improve the life situation
of 60% of the targetted 400
children in need of special
protection in focused areas with
social and economic support of
60-75 trained volunteers
advocates.
Specific Objectives
At the end of four (4) days, the
75 volunteers in 3 batches of training
activities are able to:
•Acquire a basic understanding on the
history and principles of volunteerism
and attributes of an effective
volunteer;
•Know the situation of CNSP
in the country and in their
specific communities;
Understand deeper the basic needs
and rights of a child and commit
themselves for their protection
and development;
 Explain the causes why children are
abused, neglected and exploited and
help prevent these in their
respective communities;

 Mobilize
friends, parishioners,
civic leaders in their city to share
part of their life personally,
financially and others types of
assistance for the plight of the
CNSP needing protection and
support;
 Acquire
skills in undertaking
volunteer work and various
service modalities
and
strategies for the psychosocial
interventions for NCSD

Organize themselves as a core of
volunteers advocating and promoting
for child protection and thus making
their area as child-friendly
communities;

Develop a one-year program of work
/ re-entry plans on how to implement
their learning insights from the
seminar in their own communities.
PROGRAM SCHEDULE
DAY 1
AM -
Opening Amenities
Administration of Pre-Post
Evaluation / Questionnaires
Presentation of Activity Goals,
Objectives and Content
Understanding Volunteerism,
basic principles and attributes of
effective volunteers

PM -
Understanding basic needs and rights
of children
Understanding types of abuses on
children and root causes of their
behaviors
Understanding psychodynamics and
long term effects on behavior of
CNSP.
Methodologies – Brainstorming, buzz sessions,
case situation analysis (Joselyn and Anna)
Lecture, Discussion, Video Presentations (“The
Daughter” and “Good Boy”)
DAY 2
AM Summary of Day 1 Learning
Insights
Understanding types of parents,
parenting behaviors
Factors that lead to child abuse,
neglect and exploitation by parents
Protective Behavior Against Sexual
Abuse of Children

PM -
Salient provisions of child welfare
laws that volunteers should know in
child protection, advocacy and
development
Child and Youth Welfare Code
(PO603)
Special Protection of Children
Against Child Abuse, Exploitation
and Discrimination Act – RA 7610
Comprehensive Juvenile Justice and
Welfare System RA 9344
Child Labor Law – RA 9231
 Methodologies
– Brainstorming,
case situation analysis, exercises,
lecture / discussion, large group
sharing
DAY 3
AM -
Summary of Day 2 Learning Insights
Areas for Volunteer work in
Communities
Responding to the needs for survival,
protection and development of Street
children in the area
Panel Discussion – DSWD, CSWDO,
Street educators and street children

PM-
Alternative Family Care for
Children
Foster Home Care / guardianship
Adoption
Family-based Program for children
survivors of
sexual abuse and
exploitation
Community Diversion Services for
CICL
Methodologies - Brainstorming, Case
situation analysis, Video Presentations,
Lecture/discussions, large group sharing
DAY 4
AM -
Counseling as effective
intervention model in helping
CNSP survivors of abuse,
neglect and exploitation
Ground level resource
generation
Networking / referral system

PM-
Team and Commitment Building
principles and guides
Action Planning for Volunteer
Program for Child Protection in
the City
Faith-based groups
Community Volunteer Advocates
Activity Evaluation and Synthesis
Administration of Post Test
Evaluation Questionnaire
Closing of the Activity
COURSE CONTENT / RESOURCE
/ REFERENCES MATERIALS
A.VOLUNTEERISM
- History, Basic Principles and
attributes
History of Volunteerism
 Historically,
volunteerism has always been
an integrative component of human services
anywhere in the world in varying types,
scope and purposes.
 When
Jesus Christ selected His Twelve
(12) Apostles to help Him take care of
His Flocks, it was a genuine act of
volunteerism (except for Judas Iscariot).
The Apostles left their families and
assisted Him in His ministry without
remuneration until His Ascension.
 It
is recorded that the forerunner of
modern day volunteerism started in 1617
when St. Vincent de Paul organized the
Ladies of Charity (now, Daughters of
Charity) and tasked them to help the
poor, the sick, the slaves and others in
misery in those time. This was follows by
the Salesian sisters of St. John Bosco and
the Good Shepherd sisters in 1800
serving the women, slavery and child
labor.

Soon after, the Catholic Volunteer
Organizations and other Faith-based
groups also made extensive use of their
members and the laity in reaching out for
the poor, victims of war, and those who
suffered most as a result of economic
depressions.
 During
World War I and II, the
International Red Cross volunteers
worked underground to help wounded
soldiers and other victims of war. The
Philippine National Red Cross Volunteers
(PNRC) are does the same not only during
armed conflict but in all situation of
natural and man-made disasters and
calamities.
 Volunteerism
in the Philippines on the
other hand, dates back from the history
of the country’s struggle against the
oppression of the colonizers and its
clamor “Katipunan” and the “Guerilla”
movements were models of
volunteerism
 The
first professionally travel social
workers who founded several
orphanages, YMCA, NCSD were all
volunteerism, too.

Like other developing country, the Philippines
was recipient of several direct volunteers
service which started with the coming of the
Thomasite volunteer teachers during the
American occupation and the fielding of the
Peace Corps volunteers in the early 60’s up to
the present. They are assigned in far village
and agencies involved in social welfare,
education, agriculture, environmental
protection and management.

At present, the Philippines National
Volunteer Service and Coordinating
Agency (PNVSCA) is responsible both in
supervising foreign volunteers and sending
Filipino volunteers in Africa and other thrill
world countries
BASIC POLICIES, PHILOSOPHY, VALUES
AND PRINCIPLES IN EFFECTIVE VOLUNTEERISM

The development of a functional volunteer
program as an alternative resource in the
delivery of human services to individuals,
groups and communities requires careful
planning and understanding basic values,
Principles and Guidelines to enhance the
quality of human interactions between
stakeholders and the exchange of
technology in the PLANNED CHANGE OR
SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS.
1. Basic Values and Philosophy
Respect for the worth and dignity of the
individual in whatever level of status they
are.
 Belief that every individual has the capacity
to change and rise above the level person
survival the self-efficiency, if they are given
access to opportunities. Some are just faster
and some low.
 Upholding the basic human rights and the
rights of the child to SURVIVAL,
PROTECTION, DEVELOPMENT AND
PARTICIPATION.

2. Basic Principles
 Confidentiality
– not sharing secrets and
privileged information with others
 Self-Determination – acceptance that the
individual has the basic right to decide for
himself/herself. Volunteers are only
facilitators for the change effort.

Non-Judgemental Attitude – negatively
labeling the child such as malikot,
magnanakaw, malandi, etc. Helping
behaviors are their feelings of hurt, fear,
anger, hopelessness, sadness from being
separated from sibling, mothers, peers
rejected by society, etc.
ATTRIBUTES OF AN EFFECTIVE
VOLUNTEER
1. Emphatic – an effective volunteer
Understand the values of others
Sensitive to other’s culture, beliefs and traditions
Shares other’s hopes, aspirations and hardships t
gain trust and confidence
2. Humble
He/she adopts a low – key approach and profile
(Hindi mayabang)
Recognizes the wisdom of others
Sheds off authoritarian tendencies
3. Sensitive
He/she is aware of and understands the
needs and emotion of others
Shows concern and lends a hand,
especially during crisis situations
4. Decisive
He/she knows when to act and when not
to act
Takes into account all relevant information
on an issue before deciding or taking
action
 5.
Self-Confident
He/she feels capable of meeting
challenges
Has positive self-image
 6.
Dependable
He/she is trusted to carry out his/her
roles and responsibilities and able to
deliver what is expected on time
7. Credible
He/she is trusted to have the intelligence
and integrity to provide correct information
8. Openness
He/she is willing to listen, learn and accept
new ideas contrary even to his/her own
perception or experience
 9.
Transparent
His/her official acts are open to anyone to
review or examine and people have access
to official documents and records
 10.
Accountable
He/she accounts for personal actions and
those of partners
Does his/her task with honesty,
impartiality and morality.
11. Responsible
He/she ensures that actions are
carried out and directions properly
followed
12. Tenacious
He/she has unyielding, drive to
achieve or accomplish something (A
Vision, Assignment or Mandate)
13. Creative
He/she is innovative, a dreamer,
inventive, imaginative and
resourceful
14. Productive
He/ she are able to produce “more”
with available or limited resources.
15. Quality – Oriented
He/She has the desire and passion for
excellence
16. Stewarships
He/She has the “caretaker” quality –
inspiring, motivating, leading
17. Consensus - Seeker
His/Her communication style is geared
toward dialogue, understanding and
harmony and a non-adversarial, win-win
relationship.
18. Sense of Urgency
He/She has a burning desire to act
immediately and take advantage of
opportunity to help others.
19. Anticipatory
He/She can identify effects/impact of
issues and events.
20. Futuristic
He/She is able to forecast and tract future
events.
B. BASIC NEEDS OF A CHILD
 Material
needs for sufficient bodily
care without which the child may not
be even surviving such us: Food,
Clothing and Shelter.
 Protection
from danger, abuse and
exploitation.
 Love,
care and affection as
unconditional needs of every child.
 New
experiences that bring about
intellectual stimulation, mastery
of his/her social environment
 Praise
and recognition.
Encouragement and reasonable
expectations for their behavior as
integral part of the learning
process.
C. RIGHTS OF THE CHILD-UN
Convention on the Rights of the
Child

Four (4) Broad Categories
1. Survival Rights

Rights of the child for him or her to live.
These include food, health, shelter, and
clothing’s.
2. Development Rights
 The
rights of the child for him or her to
attain full potential. These include
education, rest and recreation, play,
spiritual enrichment, love, car and
affection.
3. Protection Rights

The rights of the child for him or her to be
supported and protection. These include
protection from mental, physical or sexual
abuse, neglect and exploitation.
4. Participation Rights
 The
rights of the child which will enable
him or her to express his or her feelings
and thoughts. These include his or her
right to speak his or her opinion; to
have access to good and important
information; to be with his or her own
peers; and his or her right to have a
name and nationality which he or she
needs to be identified as a member of a
family, community or a society.
The Rights can be summarized as
follows:
 Rights
to be born, have a name and
nationality (no to abortion, to have
a birth certificate etc.)
 To
have a family who will love and care
for them (own family or alternative
family such as in adoption, foster home
care, guardianship, kinship care)
 To live in a peaceful community and a
wholesome environment (such as living
in armed conflict).
To have adequate food as a healthy active
body, thru formal education, alternative
learning system (ALS)
 To be given opportunity to play and
leisure/recreation; a universal need of
every child

Duties and Responsibilities of
Children (PD 306)
 Lend
an upright and virtuous life
 Love, respect and obey their parents
 Love his / her brothers and sisters
Develop his potentials as an individual
 Respect his/her elders, visitors and
cultural traditions
 Participate in Civic affairs
 Help observe human rights of others

D. SITUATION OF CHILDREN IN NEED
OF SPECIAL PROTECTION
TYPES
FEMALE
MALE
Abandoned
560
Neglected
1,307
1,242
Sexually abused/incest
4,065
64
Sexually exploited
255
29
Physically abused
784
656
Sub-Total
6,971
Total
(46.5% are sexual abuses)
519
,2510
9,481
Children in Need of Special
Protection
These are children who are. . . . . .
 In hazardous & exploitative labor
 On the streets
 Victims of sexual abuse & commercial
exploitation
 Without primary care givers
In situation of armed conflict
 In conflict with the law
 With various forms of disability
 Girl children
 In ethnic / cultural communities
 Living with HIV/AIDS

Who are in need of Alternative
Parental Care or the Children in
Need of Special Protection (CNSP)
Philippine Population
 85.2 million (total population as project by
NSO for year 2005)
 43.4% or 32.8 million are children or
below 18 years old
 15% or 13.5 million are below 6 years old

Types of Alternative Parental Care
 ADOPTION
– A socio-legal process which
enables a child who cannot be reared by his
biological parents acquire legal status
wherein he/she can benefit from new
relationships with a permanent family.
Adoption establishes a parent-child
relationship resulting in the same mutual
rights and obligations that exist between
children and their biological parents

FOSTER / KINSHIP FAMILY CARE – is
the provision of planned substitute
parental care to a child by a licensed
foster family when his/her biological
parents are unable to care for him/her
temporarily or permanently
Street Children
Highly visible children:
More than 4 hours on the streets.
National estimate: 45,000 – 50,000
 75% with families
 20% refrain from going home
 5% without families
Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children
 Trafficking
 Child Prostitution
 Child Pornography
Victims of commercial sexual abuse
are:
 Mostly
females, ages 13-18
 Initiated into the sex trade as early as age 10
 Belong to a large family
 Mostly out of school / drop-outs
DSWD Reported Cases of CSEC
CSEC
2000 2001
2002
2003 2004 TOTAL
Victims of Pedophilia
40
32
51
Victims of Prostitution
186 224
245
247 269 1171
Victims of
Pornography
Victims of Trafficking
(not only for sexual
purposes)
9
4
7
13
7
45
29
95
66
129 364
Total
280 278
379
377 446 1760
21
41
185
40
Children working under the Worst
form of Child Labor
4
Million child laborers ages 5 to 7
 59.4% or 2.4 million are exposed to
hazards
 6:10 children are unpaid
 60% of them are in agricultural areas
 36.5%
of working children do not go to
school
 Child Labor as defined by ILO
 Forced Labor
 Hazardous and exploitative conditions
 Deprived of education opportunities
 DSWD – 2002-2003 – 626 cases [male251 (40%) / female-375(69%)]
Children in Conflict with the
Law
 Profile
of children in Conflict with the
law:
 Usually male
 Between ages 14-17
 Elementary graduate
 Middle child; from a low-income family
 Charged with property related crimes,
rape and murder
 Exposed to drugs or gang influence
 Youth Offender – over 9 but under 18
years of age at time of commission of
Offense
 As of September 2005, there were over
4,ooo children in jail and detention
centers all over the country; more than
10,000 cases involving children were
handled by Public Attorney’s Office
 Most of them were charged with minor
crimes such as petty theft, sniffing of
glue or solvents, vagrancy and violation
Children without Primary Care Givers

1993 Survey of households – 16%
households have children below 12 years
old
1:6 household – children without adult
supervision
DSWD Statistics
Abandoned
Neglected
2002
1079
2549
2003
1134
2560
Children in Situation of Armed
Conflict
As combatants, couriers, guides, medical aides
or spies
 13-18% of armed rebel groups
 13-17 years old
 55% boys; 45% girls
 Children of poor farmer
 Elementary school drop outs
 115 child combatants captured or surrendered

Children in Various Circumstances
of Disability
More boys than girls
 1:5 children in 0-6 age bracket has some
form of disability
 10-14 age group has the highest
prevalence rate
 most common forms of impairment are
hearing or visual impairment
 more than half are acquired and can be
prevented

Children and HIV/AIDS
Every minute 6 young people 15-24 years
old become infected with HIV/AIDS
 242 AIDS related deaths
 38 children are HIV positive
 15 children have feel blown AIDS
 9 children have died

Children in Ethnic / Cultural
Communities

12-15 million (IPs National Commission on
IPs, 1998)
2.5 million indigenous children
 Live I remote areas usually accessible only
by foot
 Have limited access to basic social services
 Often suffer from discrimination and
neglect

E. TYPES AND IMMEDIATE
EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE
A. Definition of Child Abuse
An act when a person inflicts physical or
psychological harm or injury, cruelty or
neglect, sexual abuse and exploitation of a
child.
B. Types of Child Abuse
1. Child Physical Abuse /
Maltreatment
2. Child Physical Neglect
3. Child Sexual Abuse and Sexual
Exploitation
4. Emotional Child Maltreatment or
Psychological Abuse
5. Child Labor
6. Child Trafficking
7. Child in Conflict with the Law
8. Child Abuse in Armed Conflict
Situation
9. Child in Drug / Substance Abuse
Effects of Child Abuse

1. Child Physical Abuse / Maltreatment –
immediate effect is injury or even death.
Psychologically, a maltreated child has
difficulty in relating with adult figures, may
develop lack of empathy and social
attachment with others, passiveaggressive behavior, may hurt or “boss”
other children, hostile, passive or
withdrawn. If not helped, they may revisit
the abuse experience in their parenting
style and may abuse or hurt their own
children and others.
 2.
Child Physical Neglect – immediate
effect is malnutrition retardation, illness
and even death. Normal development
will be stunted or delayed, mistrustful,
difficulty in socializing and bonding with
others, persecution complex, uncaring
for others.
Effects of Child Abuse

3. Child Sexual Abuse and Sexual Exploitation –
immediate effects are; severe anger with abuser, injury,
loss of virginity, blaming uncooperative mothers and
family members in case of incest, separation from
family, peer and school; shame and guilt for not
reporting abuse or accommodation syndrome. Longterm consequences if not helped by social workers,
mental health disciplines and parents may include
damaged self-esteem and self-image, mood swings
worthlessness, relationship problems including with
spouse and children. Sexual problems / sexual identities,
difficulty in expressing emotions or tendency to suppress
feelings, difficulty in trusting others, distant, an aloof,
cannot provide physical affections with children, chronic
depression, and worst, psychosis. When they become
parents, they may revisit the experience and abuse their
own children.
 4.
Children Emotional Maltreatment
or Psychological Abuse - immediate
effect is low self-esteem, hostile,
withdrawn. Hey can be passiveaggressive, low self-image,
revengeful and unable to trust
others, violent at times.
Effects of Child Abuse

5. Child Labor – immediate effects are frequent
illness and even death due to accidents and
exposure to hazardous physical environment,
grave danger of being sexually abused, exploited
and maltreated or involved in high-risk behaviors
such as substances abuse, prostitution and
alcohol. The normal growth and development of
these children are stunted or delayed due inability
to pursue education, participate in appropriate
group play and recreation, acquisition of positive
new experiences which will enrich their life.
<moreover, this sectoral group has tendency to
blame their parents and society in general due the
culture of poverty and hopelessness they are in.
Effects of Child Abuse
6. Child Trafficking - immediate effect is
fear for security and safety, sadness, due
to separation from parents and siblings,
severe anger to traffickers and those
responsible for the trafficking which may
even include family members, shame in
case they are pushed to prostitution and
others, feelings of helplessness and
hopelessness for being trapped to an
abuse situation.
Effects of Child Abuse
7. Child in Conflict with the Law - immediate
effect is fear, anger towards authority,
aggression and hostility, longing to see
mother and siblings, affects normal
development, trauma of incarceration which
may result to severe anger with parents and
society, anti-social behavior and loss of
conscience even hurting others and going
deep into becoming a career criminal. Some
justifies aggression and criminal behaviors for
their survival and revenge to the persons
who hurt and neglected them.
Effects of Child Abuse
8. Child in Armed Conflict - immediate effect is fear
for safety and security for self and family, anger
and hurt for death of some members of the
family which may be too traumatic resulting to
deep feelings of revenge pushing of them to
become child combatants, couriers, guides or
spies of the rebel groups. Some children have
also become objects of attack, assault, torture
and other inhumane treatment. Since many
children in armed conflict areas are in
evacuation centers, they are unable to pursue
education, have limited nutritious foods and
other basic amenities for child survival resulting
to illness, some disabling conditions and even
death to some.
Effects of Child Abuse
9. Child in Drug / Substance Abuse /
Dependency – immediate effect is aloofness,
hostility and aggression. Those in chronic
drug abuse may be violent and commit acts
against persons and property. Intoxification
will affect the child’s alertness, thinking,
perceptions, decision-making and behaviors
that are either different or bizarre. Acute
intoxification may also lead to accidents,
suffocation, injuries, convulsions or even
sudden death.
F. PSYCHODYNAMICS / BEHAVIORS COMMON TO ABUSED
AND EXPLOITED CHILDREN
TYPES OF
CHILD
ABUSE
Group I
1. Child
Physical
Abuse
HOW THE CHILD MAY
APPEAR PHYSICALLY
•Unexplained
bruises and welts
in face, body and torso,back
•Unexplained burns from
cigarettes butts, in palms, back
or buttocks
•Unexplained wounds in face,
head and arms or any parts of
the body.
HOW THE CHILD MAY
BEHAVE
•Wary
of contact with adults
•Aggressive
•Hostile
•Guilty
•Angry
•Withdrawn
•Frightened of parents
•Fearful and mistrustful
•Becomes uneasy when
another child cries
•Serious problem of running
away, self mutilation,
withdrawn suicide attempts,
violent
F. PSYCHODYNAMICS / BEHAVIORS COMMON TO ABUSED
AND EXPLOITED CHILDREN
TYPES OF
CHILD
ABUSE
Group I
2. Child
Physical
Neglect
HOW THE CHILD MAY
APPEAR PHYSICALLY
•Always
hungry
•Has poor hygiene
(uncombed hair, has not
taken baths, has dirty or
inappropriate clothes)
•Looks sickly,
malnourished
•Un-socialized and
primitive eating behaviors
HOW THE CHILD MAY
BEHAVE
•Begs
for food or money
•Steals food / hoarding
food
•Always feels tired or
weak, unusual fatigue
•Angry
•Hostile
•Poor school performance
•Negative attitude toward
parents
TYPES OF
CHILD
ABUSE
HOW THE CHILD MAY
APPEAR PHYSICALLY
HOW THE CHILD MAY
BEHAVE
Group 2
1. Child
Sexual Abuse
•Has
difficulty in walking
•Severe feelings of anger,
•Has pain or itchiness in genital guilt, and shame
area
•Hostile
•Has bleeding in genital area.
•Sad
•Has severe bruises around
•Fearful
vagina and anus
•Fantasizes
•Recurrent bladder infections
•Often stares blankly
•Sexually transmitted infections •Restless and seldom able to
•Pregnancy
finish an activity
•Fear of showers, bathrooms or •Mistrustful of adults motives
closed or open doors
•Quarrelsome
•Unwilling to take a bath or
•Rage / shouts at the top of
takes a bath several times a day her/his voice
•Depersonalization /
temporary amnesia
TYPES OF
CHILD
ABUSE
HOW THE CHILD MAY APPEAR
PHYSICALLY
HOW THE CHILD MAY
BEHAVE
•Wearing
•Suicide
Group 2
several layers of
ideation
clothing
•Frequent flash backs /
•Sexualized behavior, often bad dreams
talks about sex, wear
hallucinations
skimpy clothing, attracts
•Sudden change in
opposite sex, masturbates school performance
•Leaving the house
frequently without any
reason
•May go into drugs,
prostitution or alcohol
TYPES OF
HOW THE CHILD MAY
CHILD ABUSE APPEAR PHYSICALLY
HOW THE CHILD MAY BEHAVE
Group 2
4. Child
Emotional
Maltreatment
or
Psychological
Abuse
•Shy,
isolate from others
•Stammering speech
•Delayed physical
development
•Stays inside the room
often or stays out with
friends late.
•Uneasy joining family
activities even at
meantime. Eats alone.
•May be in substance
abuse or alcohol
•Low
self-esteem
•Hostile with abusive family
members
•Always angry
•Has neurotic traits or tantrums
•Sad
•Fearful
•Violent at times
•Move or acts in an abnormal
fashions
•Suicide ideation
•May be on unwed pregnancy or
early live-in relationship to escape
or punish parent
TYPES OF
CHILD ABUSE
HOW THE CHILD MAY APPEAR
PHYSICALLY
HOW THE CHILD
MAY BEHAVE
Always
Withdrawn
Group 3
5. Child
Labor
hungry
Malnourished/underweight
Unable to pursue /always absent from
school
Filthy clothing
Dirty due to exposure to pollution / dirt
with uncut hair
Unattended medical and dental care
Shy, timid
Has scars in some body parts engages,
in begging or scavenging
Sometimes engages in pick
pocket/mugging to fend for their
survival
Filthy language or highly sexualized
behaviors for those in child prostitution
Hostile
Sad
Angry
for being
poor
Always feels tired
and fatigued
Fearful of their
future
Violent at times for
survival
Obedient to
parents
Development
delayed / stunted
TYPES OF
CHILD
ABUSE
HOW THE CHILD MAY
APPEAR PHYSICALLY
HOW THE CHILD MAY
BEHAVE
Group 3
6. Child
Victim of
Trafficking
•Cannot
speak normally to
express feelings
•Bruises / injuries on some
parts of the body
•Internal injuries caused
by punch
•Reluctance to talk about
incident of trafficking
•Hyper-vigilant, fearful and
guarded adults
•Uneasy and anxious
•Fearful
angry to
traffickers or with
parents
•Withdrawn
•Sad
•Hostile to talk about
incident
•Trauma may affect
cognitive functioning of
the child
TYPES OF
CHILD
ABUSE
HOW THE CHILD MAY
APPEAR PHYSICALLY
HOW THE CHILD MAY
BEHAVE
Group 4
7. Child in
Armed
Conflict
•Seldom
smile/ solemn faced
•Mistrust
•Fearful / aloof to strangers
•Aggressive, eager to fight
•Underweight due to insufficient back / revengeful
food in evacuation center
8. Child in
Conflict with
the Law
•Has
scars and signs of injuries •Hostile
•Shy / withdrawn / resistant to
•Aggressive
talk
•Sad for separation from
•Has tattoos in some parts of
mothers and siblings
the body
•Fearful for negative group
•Wear earrings
norms
•Suspicious that he/she is being •Rebellious
watched
TYPES OF
CHILD
ABUSE
HOW THE CHILD MAY
APPEAR PHYSICALLY
HOW THE CHILD MAY
BEHAVE
Group 4
9. Child in
Drug
Substance
Abuse
•Always
sleeps or at daze
•Inconsistent behavior
•Very weak, loss of
appetite, looks always
tired and drowsy
•Thin, looks malnourished
•Can
be violent and hurt
others
•Vulnerable to other high
risk behaviors such as
sexual abuse, criminality,
etc.
G. TYPES OF PARENTS AND
PARENTING BEHAVIORS
Types of Parents Characteristics
1. Procreator Parent (Taga-luwal, Taga-anak
lamang, child bearer)
 Low
emotions, does not express love and
affection to the child
 Neglected, abusive
 Does not give herself/himself to the child
 They only bore, the child, there is no love,
emotional bonding between the child and the
parent
2. Dilettante Parent (inconsistent,
pasulpot-sulpot)
 Emotion
is high but does no give
much herself/himself to the child:
example rich families and many
(yaya) takes care of the child
G. TYPES OF PARENTS AND
PARENTING BEHAVIORS
3. Determinative Parent (Diktador)
 Gives
a lot of physical attention to the
child but has low emotional
involvement
 Experts a lot from the child because
he/she has to give too much to the
child. Example: Aalagaan kita pero
dapat aalagaan mo rin ako
4. Generative / Optimal Parent
(nakikipagkapwa mapagmahal)
 High
emotional involvement on the child.
Gives a lot to the child
 Look at the children as persons
 They listen and negotiate with the child
 Indulgent, accepting but not controlling
 Consult their children
H. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCES PARENTING
BEHAVIORS WHICH MAY RESULT TO
ABUSE, NEGLECT AND EXPLOITATION
EMERGING ISSUES AND TRENDS AFFECTING
PARENTING RESPONSIBILITIES
 The worsening spectrum of family disintegration
threatening family solidarity, the basic unit of
society where social functioning is learned
ordinarily by all human being. The relationship
problems at home often results to separation,
annulment, divorce, pushing the children to leave
their homes and stay elsewhere, sometimes on the
streets.
 Increasing
number of common-law and livein relationship
 Increasing domestic violence, battering of
women in an intimate relationship
 Increasing number of cases of child sexual
abuse perpetuated by family members
(fathers, brothers, uncle, siblings,
grandfathers, stepfathers) Increasing
number of common-law and live-in
relationship
 Poverty
in the rural areas encourages the
families to more to the urban centers for
survival and consequently feelings of
hopelessness in urban life. The loss of
family support, lack of access, advice and
protection while in urban centers makes
the members of the family vulnerable to
exploitation, harassment and other forms
of abuse.
 The
feminization of industry and overseas
employment of parents alienating any of them
(father or mother) from their children from
deep emotional bonding and attachment
between them. Sometimes, this results to
sexual abuse and others forms of
maladjustments in the family relationships or
parent child relationships
 Emergence
of new family structures
and systems which affects / challenges
the traditional value systems. No more
or demonizing “buffer zones” or
mediation role by the extended family
nuclear and in-laws. Grandparents are
no longer accepted in the nuclear
family home
 The
improvement of information
technology and tri-media which changes
the socio-cultural values among people
and which also exposes. The children from
undesirable image of violence and sex
which are not checked or reviewed by
MTRCB and the parents themselves.
 The
widespread use of cellphone (text
messaging / internet café which bring
about negative / adverse effects on the
quality of parent-children relationship).
It diminishes socialization among family
members
 Increasing value
of consumerism and
materialism by families resulting to
“commoditification” of children where
parent/s stepparents would even push their
children to the flesh trade or prostitution or
exploitative child labor for money.
 Social
and economic dislocation of
families as result of armed conflict,
natural calamities affecting family
relationships and development
RISK FACTORS IN PARENTING
The following are some of the risk factors in parenting
which they affect quality of parent – child
relationship / interactions
1. Childhood history of parents where they were also
abused and neglected and had little nurturing.
Resulting Problem:
Unable to trust others
Fearful about life / situations
Main repeat parenting patterns of family abuse
Emotionally needy / low self-esteem
Unable to establish positive bonding and
attachment to their own children, due to lack of
nurturing experience themselves
2. Parent history – crime, substance abuse,
alcohol, mental, illness
Resulting Problem:
Unable to attend to the care and needs
of the children due to intoxication
Mental illness or improvement makes
the parent unavailable to this children
May harm the children when out of
control
3. Discipline Problems with children
Resulting Problem:
Increased stress of the parents
4. Low self-esteem, social isolation, depression
and poor coping skills of parents.
Resulting Problem:
Delays in the social development of
children
Poor problem solving skills
High stress levels in parents and children
may result to low energy and impatience
5. Multiple Stresses and Crisis in the
Family
Resulting Problems:
High stress levels in parents and
kids may result to poor coping
skills
Little time of energy to focus on
children needs
Domestic violence
 6.
Potential Violence within the Family
home
Resulting Problems:
Physical and emotional harm to
parent(s) and / or children
Parental violence is modeled to the
children
Little energy to focus on the children
 7.
Unrealistic expectation for the child.
Lacks knowledge on child / care
development
Resulting Problems:
Parents perceive child as always
demanding, provocative
Child does not experience mastery,
has low self-esteem
Parents respond inconsistency to
child and child gets confused
 8.
Child is neglected or at – risk for poor
bonding or poor parent-child interaction
Resulting Problems:
Attachment disorder
Negative feelings towards child
Less love or more impatience
Less time for the child
 9.
Harsh punishment of the rejected /
unwanted child
Resulting Problems:
Harm to the child (physical or
emotional)
Parental frustration, feeling of
hurt, rejection or anger
I. SALIENT PROVISON OF CHILD WELFARE
LEGISLATIONS THAT VOLUNTEERS SHOULD
KNOW FOR EFFECTIVE PARTICIPATION AND
ADVOCACY ON CHILD PROTECTION
1. Child and Youth Welfare Code – Presidential
Decree 603
 Article 19 – Absence or death of Parents,
Grandparents and in their defaults, the oldest
brother or sister who is at least 18 years of age
or relative who has actual custody of the child
shall exercise parental although in case of
absence or death by both parent.
21 – Dependent, Abandoned and
Neglected Child. The dependent, abandoned
and neglected child shall be under the
parental authority of the suitable or accredited
person or an institution that is caring for
him/her as provided for under the law. After
the child has been declared either by the court
or the DSWD. This means that when a child
is found abandoned or unattended to in a
place, the volunteer must not take the child to
the DSWD and not to any private person.
 Article

Article 142 – Petition for Involuntary Commitment of a child.
The DSWD or his authorized representative or any duly
licensed child placement agency having knowledge of a child
who appears to be dependent, abandoned or neglected, may
file a verified petition for involuntary commitment of said child
to the case of a licensed agency or individual to the proper
court.
The court upon hearing the case may terminate the rights
of parents under Article 151 and can file for restoration of
custody under Article 164 provided the child in the meantime
has not been priority given away for adoption nor has left the
country with adopting parents or guardian (Article 163). The
petition for restoration of custody shall be verified by the court
and shall be verified by the court and shall state that the
petitioners (parent) is now able to take proper custody and
care of the said child.
154 – Voluntary Commitment of a
child to an institution. The parent or guardian
of a dependent, abandoned or neglected child
may voluntary commit him/her to the DSWD
or any licensed child placement agency or
individual subject the provision of the court.
It must be in writing (Art. 155). It can
only be restored by parent after six (6)
months after surrender or voluntary
commitment after verification that they are
already capable to care and support the child
(Art. 161)
 Article
2. Domestic Adoption Act of 1998
RA 8552
 Article
1 Section 3 – Simulation of Birth.
This is tampering of the civil registry
making it appear in the birth records
that a certain child was born to a
person who is not his/her biological
mother, causing child to lose his/her
true identity and status
 Article
VII Section 21 - Violations and
Penalties. Any Person who shall cause
the fictitious registration of a child
under the name(s) of a person(s) shall
be guilty of SIMULATION OF BIRTH
and shall be punished prison major (6
months to 12 years imprisonment) or
fine not exceeding fifty Thousand
Pesos (P 50,000.00).
3. Republic Act 7610 – Special Protection
of Children against Child Abuse,
Exploitation and Discrimination. Act –
July 22, 1991.

Age Coverage – persons below eighteen (18)
years of age of those over but are unable to fully
take over of themselves or protect themselves
from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation or
discrimination because of a physical or mental
disability or condition. This means that 20 years
old mentally challenge (retarded) is abused
(sexually, physically, and emotionally), she is
covered by the law.
Types of Abuse covered by the Law

1. Psychological and Physical abuse, neglect, sexual
abuse and emotional maltreatment.
 Incest by fathers, siblings, grandfathers
 Rape by other persons and relatives including a
child below 18 yrs old who will be prosecuted
under RA 9344, or comprehensive Juvenile Justice
and Welfare System Act
 Child Prostitution
 Acts of lasciviousness / molestation
 Child Trafficking
 Pornography
 Child Labor
 Abandoned, neglect other forms of abuse
2. Any act by deeds or words that debases,
degrades or demeans the intrinsic worth
and dignity of a child as human being.
3. Unreasonable deprivation of the child basic
needs for survival such as food and shelter.
4. Failure to immediately give medical treatment to
an injured child resulting to serious
impairment of his/her growth and
development or permanent incapacity or
death.
WHO MAY FILE A COMPLAINT
 The
offended party (the child
voluntarily or assisted by an adult. If
parents are not supportive, she/he can
file by herself/himself alone)
 Parents or guardians
 Ascendant or collateral relative within
the 3rd degree of consanguinity or
blood relations
Officer, social worker or representative of
a licensed child-caring institution
 Officer or social worker of the DSWD /
LGU
 Barangay Chairman
 At least 3 concerned, responsible, officials
citizens where violation occurred
 Teacher, government workers, officials
involved with children
 Private / Public hospitals / Clinical

WHEN TO REPORT
Within forty eight (48) hours upon
knowledge of the abused
WHERE TO REPORT
DSWD or LGU Social Welfare and
Development Office (M/CSWDO), Law
Enforcement (Police), Prosecutor (Fiscal)
Court, BCPC (Barangay).
IMMUNITY FOR REPORT (Section 7)
A person who, acting in good faith,
shall report a case of child abuse shall
be free from any civil or administrative
liability arising there from. There is
shall be a presumption that any such
person acted in good faith.
4. Republic Act 9231 – An Act Providing for
Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child
Labor
5. Republic Act 92551 – An Act Allowing
Illegitimate Children to use the surname
of their fathers
6. Guidelines for Birth Registration of
Children: CNSP, Delayed birth registration
SALIENT PROVISIONS OF R.A. 9344 (An
Act Establishing the Juvenile Justice and
Welfare Act)
a) Basic Principles and Rights
The passage of the law is pursuant to Art. 40
of UNCRC which provides for the:
promotion of worth provides for and
legal safeguards for a child accused of
having been in conflict with the law
application
of the principle of
restorative justice
right
not to be subjected to
fortune and other cruel inhuman
or degrading treatment or
punishment.
 right
not to be imposed a sentence of
capital punishment or life
imprisonment without possibility of
release.
 right not to be deprived, unlawfully or
arbitrarily of his / her liberty; detention
or imprisonment being
a disposition
of last resort and shall be for the
shortest appropriate period of time.
 right
to privacy, bail, recognizance and
diversion
 right to automatic suspension of
sentence, probation as alternative to
imprisonment.
b. Minimum Age of Criminal /
Responsibility / Coverage
A
child fifteen (15) years of age or
under at the time of the commission of
the offense shall be EXEMPT from
criminal liability. However, the child
shall be subjected to an intervention
program.
A
child above fifteen (15) years but
below eighteen (18) years of age shall
likewise be exempt from criminal
liability and be subjected to an
intervention program, unless HE/SHE
HAS ACTED WITH DISCERNMENT (to
perceive clearly with the mind or
senses or showing good judgment in
his / her perception) in which case,
such child shall be subjected to
appropriate proceedings (in justice
system) in accordance with this Law.
c.) Determination of Age
 Birth Certificate
 Baptismal Certificate
 Other pertinent documents
 His / her own testimonies or other persons
 Physical appearance
 In case of doubt of his /her age it shall be
resolved in his / her favor!
 In case of contest / complain regarding his
age, he court should decide the case
within 24 hours upon receipt of case
appropriate pleadings of all interested
parties.
d.) Structures
A Juvenile Justice and Welfare Council is
created to oversee the implementation of
the law. The Council shall be under
administrative supervision BUT chaired
by the DSWD.
e.) Treatment of Children below 15 years old
 Immediately release the child to the custody of parents
or guardian or in absence thereof: to the
 Nearest relative or if they cannot be located or refuse to
take custody of the child to:
 licensed NGO
 religious organization
 barangay official or a member of BCPC
 Local Social Welfare and Development
 DSWD
 if abandoned, neglected or abused or parents will
not comply, the DSWD or LSWDO to file
petition for involuntary commitment to proper
court (PD603)
f.) Treatment of Children above 15 but below 18
years but who acted without discernment
- follow the same treatment as (e)
g.) Treatment for those above 15 years but below
who acted with discernment:
 Rather than detention, the CICL shall undergo
DIVERSION PROGRAM without undergoing
court proceedings. (Diversion refers to an
alternative child-appropriate process of
determining the responsibility and treatment of
CICL)

If imposable penalty is not more than six (6)
years, the law enforcement officer (police) or
punong barangay with the help of the local
social welfare and development office (city or
municipality) or other members of the LCPC
shall conduct Mediation, Family Conferences
and Conciliation or other Modes of Conflict
Resolution modes to achieve restorative
justice. The result of mediation shall be in
writing and signed by parties concerned and
appropriate authorities
 In
victimless crimes (no private offended
party) where the imposable penalty is not
more than six (6) years imprisonment, the
local social welfare and development
officer shall meet the child and his / her
parents or guardians for the development
of appropriate diversion and rehabilitation
in coordination with the BCPC
 Where
the imposable penalty for the
crime committed exceeds six (6) years
of imprisonment, diversion measures
may be resorted only be the court.

If the impossible penalty exceeds six (6)
months and the parents or guardian DOES
NOT CONSENT TO DIVERSION, the
Punong Baranggay and the law enforcement
officer handling the case shall within 3 days
forward the record to the prosecutor or to the
judge concerned for the conduct of inquest or
preliminary investigation to determine need
whether or not the child should remain in
custody or correspondingly charged in court.
h.) Factors in determining diversion
program








The nature and circumstances of the offense
charged.
The frequency and severity of the act.
The circumstances of the child (e.g: age,
maturity, intelligence etc.)
The influence of the family and environment on
the growth of the child.
The reparation of injury to the victims.
The weight of the evidence against the child.
The safety of the community.
The best interest of the child.
i.) Factors in the Formulation of the
Diversion Program.
The child’s feelings of remorse (deep regret for
wrongdoing) for the offense he/she committed.
 The parents or legal guardian’s ability to guide
and supervise the child.
 The victim’s view about the propriety
(correctness of the behavior) of the measures to
be imposed
 The availability of community-based programs
for the rehabilitation and reintegration of the
child

j. Kinds of Diversion Programs (Only
for 45 days)
1. At the level of the Punong Baranggay
 Restitution of property
 Reparation of the damaged caused.
 Indemnification of consequential damages
(compensation for damaged done)
 Written or oral apology
 Care, guidance and supervision orders.








Counseling for the CICL and the child’s family
Attendance in trainings, seminars and lectures
on:
anger management skills
problem solving / conflict resolution skills
values formation
other skills which will aid the child in dealing with
situations which can lead to repetition of the
offense.
Participation in available community-based
programs including community service
Participation in education, vocational and life skills
programs
2. At the level of the law enforcement officer
 Diversion same at Punong baranggay
level
 Confiscation and forfeiture of the
proceeds or instruments of the crime.
3. At the level of the Appropriate Court
 Diversion same as Punong Baranggay
and Law Enforcement
 Written or oral reprimand
 Fine
 Payment of the cost of proceedings
 Institutional care and custody
k.) If the diversion at different levels is
successful and the child and parent
cooperate, the social worker
recommends to the court to dismiss
the case. If not successful, the case
is returned to the court for
appropriate action / disposition upon
reading 18 years old.
l.) If the court finds the CICL have
failed to willfully complied with
conditions of the rehabilitation
program. The court may be brought
before the court for execution of
judgment. The court may also decide
extend the rehabilitation program
until reaching age 21 years old.
AREAS FOR VOLUNTEERISM IN
COMMUNITIES/ PARISHES
For the Parish and Community to
become Child-Friendly
environment for children
HIGH RISK CHILDREN
Generally, the following children are at
risk
ILLEGITIMATE
NO POSITIVE BONDING AND ATTACHMENT
WITH PARENTS DURING EARLY
CHILDHOOD – 0 –6 YEARS OLD
 EMOTIONALLY REJECTED, NEGLECTED BY
PARENTS / GUARDIANS
 BORN WITH DISABILITY (Physically and
mentally challenged, down syndrome,
hearing or visually impaired, palsy etc)


 PARENTS
ARE ABSENT FOR OVERSEAS
EMPLOYMENT WHEN STILL A BABY
OR UNDER SIX, EXPERIENCED
MATERNAL DEPRIVATION
 EFFEMINATE / TOMBOYISH
 NOT EDUCATED / OUT OF SCHOOL
 ENGAGED IN CHILD LABOUR (WORST
FORMS)
 PARENTS SEPARATED, STAYING WITH
ABUSIVE STEP PARENTS
LIVING WITH DYSFUNCTIONAL,
SEVERELY DISTURED/CHAOTIC PARENTS
 PARENTS MENTALLY ILL
 INSTITUTIONALIZED
 LOW SELF-ESTEEM
 FATHER DOMESTICATED “UNDER DE
SAYA”
 CHILDREN OF INCARCERATED PARENTS
SUFFERING FROM TRAUMA/SURVIVAL

PARENTS WERE ABUSED THEMSELVES AS
A CHILD AND ARE LIKELY
REPEATING/REVISITING THE ABUSE
EXPERIENCE WITH OWN CHILDREN
 CHILDREN WHO EXPERIENCED VIOLENCE
AND ARMED CONFLICT
 INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
 BIG FAMILY
 IN POVERTY SITUATION
 BIRTH NOT REGISTERED

CHILDREN IN NEED OF SPECIAL
PROTECTION
1. ABANDONED / SURRENDERED – Those
left in hospitals, clinic, foundlings or
given up by parents due to poverty or
unwed pregnancy. Recent information
says that about 5 –10 children are
abandoned by mothers in hospitals a
month – 977-2000 data of CWC/UNICEF
balding head and other forms of abuse –
1,606 as of 2002 – UNICEF/CWC data
2. CHILD LABOUR – Worst forms
of child labour includes
exploitation in sugar cane
plantation, pyrotechniques,
deep sea fishing, prostitution,
mining, and domestic work – 4
million as of 2003
3. NEGLECTED – Unreasonable
deprivation of their basic needs for
survival such as food, clothing and
shelter, health services, lack of
physical care, malnourished and
others that are prejudicial to their
normal development – 2,532 (2002
data of DSWD)
4. PSYCHOLOGICAL/EMOTIONAL
ABUSE/MALTREATMENT – Behaviors
which attacks child’s self-esteem and
social competence affecting their
intrinsic worth and dignity as a child as
a human being. It includes constant
nagging, rejecting, being judgemental,
terrorizing, ignoring, belittling, calling
names, using degrading words and
similar behaviors by adults or peers –
no available data.
5. SUBSTANCE/POLYDRUG USERS –
Normally taken by street children
and children with deep-seated
emotional problems – no available
data
RESPONDING TO THE NEEDS AND
PROTECTION OF STREET
CHILDREN IN THE CITY
In close coordination with the City Social
Welfare and Development Office focal
person handling street children and street
educators. The volunteers (community
advocates, faith-based) can undertake
the following: (some of these can be part
of the re-entry plan)
1.1 Survival Needs / Protection


Survival Needs / Protection
Providing them food at least twice a
day. Some of possible strategies are:
Supplemented nutrition feeding of
CSWDO, NGO, Parish and People’s
Organizations
 Mobilizing
community /
parishioners and volunteers
themselves to alternately feed 2
to 3 street children daily while
they are not yet reunited with
families, referred to a residential
facility or placement in other
alternative homes.
 Negotiating
with the wet market
administrator to all the children clean
(without child labor) the market place
daily but in return motivate
fish/meal/vegetable vendors to donate a
fish each/day and “buto-buto”, rice and
vegetables. Have the street educators
supervise the cooking for the children’s
meals.
 Negotiating
with the food /
restaurants to donate food for the
street children and “taong grasa”
(tramps/beggars). Have these
recycled / re-cooked in the identified
volunteer kitchen
 Student
volunteers to be mobilized
for feeding needs of street children
 Other strategies applicable in the
area
2.2
Safety and Security
From the hazards of the street
(accident, harassment by bystanders,
police and pollution)

Assisting Street Educators look a safe
house where they can sleep particularly
during rainy season and typhoons
meanwhile that they are still on the street.
(abandoned houses, school, tents,
construction of bahay kubo, abandoned
jeepney / trucks put together and
repainted, abandoned container van /
repainted etc)
 Facilitating
reunification with parents
/ relatives or immediate referral in
residential care facilities
 Negotiating
with LGU (police for
curfew hour for street children and
placing all of the city and cockfits
during nighttime. Street-based
education sessions can be conducted
her as it is a more controlled settling.
 Constructing
improvised sleeping
quarters in marketplace.
 Other Strategies applicable in the
area.
2.3 ALTERNATIVE HOME
PLACEMENT –
It abandoned or cannot be immediate
returned to parents
 Recruitment
of Parish Councils /
Faith-based leaders to apply as
DSWD Licensed Foster Homes /
Parents on Temporary or Long-term
 Some
may be motivated to become
adoptive parents (thru court)
although this may be very
expensive-costs ranges from P 20,
000 to P 80,000 due to lawyers’ fee,
newspaper publication, court fees
etc.
 Street
Children may be discussed I
the pulpit during masses or
announced in the Bulletin Board.
The DSWD / CDSWDO technical staff
may be requested to conduct Foster
Home Care and Adoption clinics on
Sundays.
 The
volunteers may help the Street
Educators search for the Children’s
relatives and place them on Kinship
Care. Kins may be provided support
with jobs so they will be able to
finally support the maintenance of
the street children. Kins must not be
abusive.
 Other alternative strategic applicable
in the area.
2.4 HEALTH AND MEDICAL SERVICES
 Helping the Street Educators take / refer
the children for medical consultation and
treatment in local clinics / hospitals
 Conducting regular medical mission in
the Parish Church / Community
 Mobilizing physicians / clinics students to
done medicines and vitamins for the
street children
2.5 PLAY AND RECREATION
 Soliciting funds for purchased of
play equipment / supplies, uniform,
shoes
 Sponsoring sports fest competitions
among street children
 Requesting schools to conduct
sports clinics
2.6 LIVELIHOOD AND JOB
PLACEMENTS
Helping the bigger street children
undertake livelihood activities
appropriate for their age, level of
maturity and health without
violation of child labor laws.
Vending activities
Finding
jobs to street children not
violation of child labor laws such
as gardener, service crew I
restaurants, street sweeper,
garbage collectors using carts,
wet market baggers, church
janitors and similar jobs
2.7 SPIRITUAL FUNCTION
Catechism with sessions on
values education
Bible studies
3. ABANDONED / FOUNDING AND
TOTAL ORPHANS NEGELECTED
WITHOUT PRIMARY CAREGIVERS
 Referring
these children immediately
to the City Social Welfare Office or any
licensed child caring institution.
Volunteers should not take these
children in their homes unless they are
licensed as foster homes by DSWD.
They can be charged of Child
Trafficking
 Never
give these children to private
families and simulate the birth of the
child. This is illegal and has
corresponding sanctions under
existing law (Domestic Adoption
Law)
 Report
Founding (found in garage,
street etc) to the CSWO or to the
police for immediate investigation
4. SEXUALLY ABUSED /
SEXUALLY EXPLOITED CHILD
 Request
the Priest or Pastor of your
parish to report the case to the
Barangay Chairman or direct to the
City Social Welfare Office or the Local
Police within 48 hours upon
knowledge of the abuse.
 If
the abuser is the father and put to
jail and the mother has no source of
income for the survival or education
of the children. Volunteers should
conduct a ground level resource
generation so they solicit funds for
the family’s livelihood activity.
 Volunteers
should provide crisis
counseling to the grieving mother
and children and help them go
through the mourning period.
 Priest
/ Pastor’s should announce in
the pulpit to help child and family
not be subject of nasty rumors. After
all, the abuse is not the fault of
child. She is the victim and should
not be blamed or be shamed as
result of the abuse experience.
 Helping
the child and the parent
undertake / supervise the healing
and recovery treatment
interventions while at home in
close coordinator with the local
social worker.
 Conducting
session on
protective behavior against
child sexual abuse with the
help of the local social workers
 Developing
a community program for
early detection and prevention of child
sexual abuse and sexual exploitation
(commercial sex exploitation,
pornography, cybersex and similar
sexual exploitation illegal activities).
Have this reported to the local police
or NBI or City Social welfare for arrest.
 Reporting
to NBI / Police Child
Prostitution Brothers or Sex Dens
where children are hired on
commercial sex exploitation.
 Facilitating
application of avail of the
DOJ Victim Assistance and
compensation to children victims of
sexual abuse with six months after
filing of cases. The children can avail
of P 10,000 victim compensation
assistance.
5. CHILDREN IN CONFLICT WITH
THE LAW
 Assisting
the CSWO and Barangay
in organizing and implementation of
Community-based diversion
programs in coordination with
parents
 Assisting
the Barangay leaders in
providing counseling for CICL on
diversion together with their
families or guardians.
6. EARLY CHILDHOOD AND
ENRICHMENT PROGRAM
 Conducting
neighborhood ECCD
session with parents (group of 5-10
parents) focused on effective childrearing, pregnancy health care,
nutrition education, sanitation,
effects of waterborne disease, oral
dehydration etc.
 Conducting
session of family
planning and values education.
BASIC COUNSELING
COUNSELING
 It is a planned interaction between the
client and the worker to assist client in
altering his present behavior. It is the
process of helping the client discover for
her/his self the coping mechanisms that
have been helpful to him/her in the past
and how they can be used or modified for
the present situation or how to develop
new coping mechanisms.
 Counseling
is ENABLING and should
be differentiated from ADVICE
GIVING. The counselor is not an
ADVISER or a person of authority.
The counselor is a person who
FACILITATES SELF-DISCOVERY
BASIC COUNSELING SKILLS:
OBJECTIVES OF COUNSELING
 To build a trusting relationship
where the client can communicate
her concerns and describe her
problems, feelings and behaviors
without fear of judgment.
 To
encourage the client to see the
helping or problem-solving process
as a mutual responsibility where
she makes active decisions and
where she can value her ideas and
support her endeavors.
 To
reduce the client’s fear and
distrust of helping/treatment
programs and thereby encourage
her to continue attending the
treatment programs
B. AN IDEAL COUNSELOR IS
SOMEONE WHO:
Is creative and imaginative
 Shows self-awareness by not imposing
personal concerns on clients
 Has good common sense and social
awareness
 Shows respect for clients
 Is action oriented

C. THINGS TO AVOID IN
COUNSELING:
 Ordering
and Commanding
 Warning and Threatening
 Giving advice or providing solutions
 Arguing or persuading
 Moralizing
 Disagreeing,
judging and criticizing
 Ridiculing or labeling
 Reassuring or sympathizing
 Withdrawing or distracting
D. SHOW EMPATHY RATHER THAN
SYMPATHY

Listen to client’s problems and
understand their feeling. Look
straight to their eyes and asks “what
it is like to be in the place of this
person”.
E. ASK OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS AND
ENCOURAGE HER TO ELABORATE
Do not ask questions answerable by yes or no or one-word answer.
IN TAKE INTERVIEW FOR COUNSELLING
GOALS
ASSESSMENT OF
PROBLEM SITUATION
APPROACHES TO THE
PROBLEM
ACTION PLANNING
WHAT DOES CLIENT DESIRE?
IS CHANGE DESIRED?
WHAT IS THE SITUATION AND
WHAT CAN BE DONE ABOUT IT?
IS IT A CHANGE IN THE
SITUATION OR A CHANGE IN
RELATIONSHIP THAT IS DESIRED?
HOW WILL CLIENT APPROACH
THE SITUATION TO ACHIEVE
THE DESIRED CHANGES?
WHAT ACTIVITIES WILL CLIENT
UNDERTAKE TO ACHIEVE THE
DESIRED CHANGES?
National Council of Social
Development