Lund University DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Activity Report 2010 Department of Chemical Engineering 2 ACTIVITY REPORT 2010 Department of Chemical Engineering Foreword At first it was diagnosed as a network problem. The computers did not start properly on that malicious morning August 23, 2010, when we moved back to our premises on floor +1 in building III of the Chemical Centre. It was, however, soon painfully clear that something more serious had happened. The loose electrical cable in one of the distribution boxes used by the construction workers in the end caused us damages on equipment alone well exceeding 1 million SEK. And this figure did not include lost work. Talk about Monday morning… Luckily, there were many more positive things to remember from the year that passed. The department is growing both in terms of Ph.D. students and new researchers. The Process Industrial Centre (PICLU) is now well established, and a growing hub for simulation-based research at the department. One of our former graduates - Åsa Davidsson - has returned to us as “Forskarassistent” in Water and Environmental Engineering, where she will focus on biogas production from urban waste. We are also very happy that Anna Ledin was appointed Adjunct Professor in Water and Environmental Engineering with a focus on organic micropollutants by the end of the year. This clearly strengthens our research capacity in this field. The Department Summer excursion followed the same theme, as we visited Malmberg Water in Åhus. Malmbergs is another example of successful integration between Chemical Engineering and Water Engineering. The Department Fall workshop on education took place at SLU, Alnarp (where the term Kingdom has a dual meaning). A more close collaboration with SLU is definitely valuable, not least for biofuel research. A new national knowledge centre on renewable fuels, the so-called f3 centre, involving several Swedish universities (Chalmers, Lund, KTH, SLU, Umeå, and Luleå) as well as industries was started in 2010. The department will surely be active in this centre as it already is in the university research platform LU Biofuels. Britta Kjellin-Bolmstedt started at the department in 1971 as research engineering. Almost 40 years later, in September 2010, she retired after having helped several thousand (!) engineering students through our courses in Transport phenomena and Heat engineering. From us and all our students: Thanks, Britta! Lund, April 25, 2011 Gunnar Lidén Head of Department Chemical Engineering, Lund University ACTIVITY REPORT 2009 3 Department of Chemical Engineering 1. Undergraduate education The department is deeply involved in the engineering programs for Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Environmental Engineering (abbreviated K, B and W, respectively). The department gives seven compulsory courses at the basic level for these programs. With the incorporation of Water and Environmental engineering into the department there is a growing involvement in the Civil Engineering program (V), both at the basic level and at the advanced level. The department is responsible for twelve optional advanced courses in five engineering programs (apart from the four program already mentioned, students from also the Applied Mathematics program (π) the Nano Science program (N) and the Risk Management program (RH) choose courses at the department). The majority of the advanced courses are part of the Process Design specialization for the Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering programs. An important part in the training of engineers is the Master thesis work (“examensarbete”). By tradition the department has always been very active in arranging and supervising thesis work, primarily due to good contacts with industry. The number of finished Master theses was 37. Courses on basic level Table 1.1: List of courses at the basic level offered by the department during 2010. code Title (Swe/Eng) Program KETA01 Kemiteknik/Chemical engineering KETF01 Transportprocesser/Transport Phenomena KTE023 Kemisk process- och reaktionsteknik/Chemical Process and Reaction Engineering KET045 Kemisk reaktionsteknik/Chemical Reaction Engineering KTE170 Masstransport i tekniska och naturliga system/Mass Transfer Processes in Environmental Engineering KET030 Energiteknik/Heat Engineering KAT031 Separationsprocesser/Separation Processes, Basic Course VVAF01 VA-teknik/Water and Wastewater Technology 4 ECTS points Registered students K 15 40 B 7.5 67 W 15 49 K B, K 7.5 7.5 38 108 V 5 148 K B, K ACTIVITY REPORT 2010 21 7.5 55 118 Department of Chemical Engineering Courses on advanced level Table 1.2: List of advanced courses offered by the department during 2010. code Title Program KAT051 Separationsprocesser, FK/Separation Processes, Advanced Course KET040 Kemisk processteknologi/Chemical Process Technology KTE071 Biokemisk reaktionsteknik/Biochemical Reaction Engineering VVA030 Urbana vatten/Urban Waters VVA910 Projektkurs i vattenförsörjnings- och VVA920 avloppsteknik, del I&II/ Project course in water and wastewater treatment, part I&II KET010 Energi och Miljö/Energy and Environment KTE061 Kemisk reaktionsteknik FK/Chemical Reaction Engineering, Advanced Course KET050 Projektering/Feasibility Studies on Industrial Plants KTE131 Processriskanalys/Loss Prevention KETN01 Processimulering/Process Simulation KTE055 Katalys/Catalysis KTE190 Biogeokemisk modellering/Biogeochemical Modelling VVAN01 Decentraliserad VAhantering/Decentralized Water and Wastewater Treatment ECTS points Registered students K, RH,W 7.5 17 B, K, W 7.5 12 V, W V, W 15 15 52 0 K, W 7.5 33 K, Pi, W 7.5 18 K, W 15 22 K, W B, K, Pi, W K W 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 31 12 14 5 W 7.5 9 K, W 7.5 17 Other courses where the department contribute Table 1.3: List of other courses where staff from the department was active in during 2010. code Title (Swe/Eng) KOO090 Vatten- och Atmosfärskemi/Water and Atmosphere Chemistry KOK032 Miljökemi/Environmental Chemistry VTVA01 Infrastrukturteknik/Infra structure engineering Program part W 30% K, B L 50% 30% ACTIVITY REPORT 2009 ECTS points Registered students 7.5 12 84 66 9 1 5 Department of Chemical Engineering Master theses All engineering programs have a compulsory Master thesis requirement on 30 ECTS points. A total of 37 Master theses were published at the department during 2010. Many of these Master theses are done in collaboration with industry. List of MSc thesis 2010: 1. Anderberg, Kajsa (2010) Utvärdering av verkningsgrad för biobränslepannor 2. Baillon-Dhumez Aude (2010) Evaluation of a Biofilm Process for the Removal of Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater 3. Bondesson Pia-Maria (2010) Kombinerad bioetanol- och biogasproduktion från vetehalm 4. Cragnell Josefine (2010) Reduction of process taste in sugar solution with carbon filtration 5. Edfeldt Johan (2010) Evaluation of new amine based systems for carbon dioxide absorption 6. Ekström Sara (2010) N2O production in a single stage nitritation/anammox MBBR 7. Eliasson Johanna (2010) Design of a Plant for Manufactoring of Acetaldehyde 8. Engle Oscar (2010) Upgrading alternatives for a waste water treatment pond in Johor Bahru, Malaysia 9. Ericson Tobias (2010) A sustainable urban drainage system in the wangsiadun green CBD, Wuhan, China 10. Eriksson Ylva (2010) Förbehandling av matavrfall med skruvpress - Utvärdering av effektiviteten i förbehandlingsanläggningen på NSR i Helsingborg 11. Green Kristina (2010) Energy optimization at Trelleborg Industri AB 12. Guerra Laura (2010) Evaluation of Bassussary Wastewater Treatment Plant after Upgrading with Membrane Bioreactor Technology 13. Hansson Rasmus (2010) Increased heat recovery process at the sulphuric acid plant at Kemira Kemi AB 14. Holmberg André (2010) Development of a wire mesh catalyst for steam reforming of natural gas 15. Holmström David (2010) Förbehandling av matavfall med skruvpress - Utvärdering av effektiviteten i förbehandlingsanläggningen på NSR i Helsingborg 16. Junca Silvia (2010) Production of easily biodegradable carbon source for nutrient removal from wastewater through primary sludge hydrolysis - Impact on methane potential 17. Karlsson Anna (2010) Modell i Extend av fiberlinjer vid SCM 18. Kulander Ida (2010) Användning av magnesiumföreningar som fällningskemikalie vid kommunala avloppsreningsverk 19. Kuusela Johanna (2010) Heat capacity measurements of amine-water solutions used for Post Combustion Carbon dioxide applications 20. Larsson Jesper (2010) Methods for measurement of solubility and dissolution rate of sparingly soluble drugs 21. Lindeskog Johanna (2010) Frisättning av arsenik - modellering i PHREEQC-2 22. Mönegård Nathalie (2010) Användning av magnesiumföreningar som fällningskemikalie vid kommunala avloppsreningsverk 23. Nilsson Filip (2010) Decarbonylation of Acrolein, A Catalytic Study 6 ACTIVITY REPORT 2010 Department of Chemical Engineering 24. Nyman Anna-Karin (2010) Influence of operating conditions on fed-batch production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in a mixed culture 25. Ojala Frida (2010) Model Calibration of Chromatographic Separation of Rare Earth Elements 26. Omenka Esther (2010) Improvement of decentralised wastewater treatment in Asaba, Nigeria 27. Palalane Jaime (2010) Comparative analysis of sub-surface drainage solutions in Maxaquene A 28. Paulsson Mattias (2010) Ozonering av aktivt slam -effekter på sedimenteringsegenskaper och processhastigheter 29. Persson Olof (2010) Thermochemical Investigation of Carbon Dioxide Absorption using reaction caloremetry 30. Shukri Aza (2010) Hydraulic modelling of open stormwater solutions in Augustenborg, Sweden 31. Stolpe Caroline (2010) The Oxyfuel SCR Project, Building of Equipment 32. Szabo Alexander (2010) Upgrading alternatives for a waste water treatment pond in Johor Bahru, Malaysia 33. Söderström Olle (2010) In situ studies of carbon formation leading to metal dusting in syngas processes 34. Truedsson, Cecilia (2010) Utvärdering av förbehandlingsanläggning för matavfall 35. Vestergren Sofia (2010) Infiltration Trenches in Scania 36. Väänänen Janne (2010) Decarbonylation of Acrolein, A Catalytic Study 37. Zhenhua Gao (2010) Handling of released P from digesters loaded with Bio-P sludge ACTIVITY REPORT 2009 7 Department of Chemical Engineering 2. Research and PhD education The research activities at the department are based on four main competence areas: Separation Engineering, Reaction Engineering, System Engineering, and Water and Environmental Engineering. The nature of the research ranges all the way from fundamental studies, e.g. in catalysis, to applied projects in the process industry. The research is often part of major national or international research efforts. Some of these are presented below. The Department of Chemical Engineering is an internationally renowned actor in research on lignocellulose to ethanol conversion. An important asset is the National Process Development Unit (PDU), which provides a unique capacity of making complete evaluations of feedstock potential – including biomass analysis, pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation and in addition techno-economic evaluations of process concepts. The department and is involved in numerous collaborations in the field, with including several EU-projects and projects in the Swedish Ethanol Research Program. The latter comprises cooperation with Swedish companies, like Sekab E-technology AB, Taurus Energy AB, Nordisk Etanol&Biogas AB and National Bioenergy Sweden AB. NILE is a large European project (within FP6) on the cost effective production of clean bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass for use as transport fuel, which started in 2006 and will end in 2010. It involves no less than 20 partners from all over Europe, including Applied Microbiology and Chemical Engineering from Lund University. The overall objectives of the work is to improved the process by decreasing the cost of enzymatic hydrolysis, improve yeast strains and to validate the engineered enzyme systems and yeast strains in a fully integrated pilot plant. Socioeconomic and global environmental impacts of the production and techno-economic analysis based on the new data obtained is central. http://www.nile-bioethanol.org/ NEMO is a related project EU project in FP7, but somewhat more focused on the development of novel enzymes and yeast strains, with less emphasis on process evaluation. NEMO involves 17 partners, also here including Applied Microbiology and Chemical Engineering from Lund University. The role of the department in this project is the assessment of strains and enzymes in fermentation processes and improvement of the fermentation process. http://nemo.vtt.fi/index.htm LU Biofuels is a multi-disciplinary research platform that brings together researchers from across faculties, departments and centres at Lund University. It involves 8 different divisions and institutes at Lund university, and one of the two coordinators come from the Department of Chemical Engineering. www.lubiofuels.org Green Syngas is an EU project in FP7 with 10 partners, which deals with the production of syngas-derived fuel from renewable sources. A major problem in these processes is the presence of contaminates in the product gas from biomass gasifiers. These impurities that cause catalytic poisoning should be completely removed prior to the entry in catalytic systems that utilize in upgrading steps. With the evolution of these advanced uses of biomass derived syngas, it becomes necessary to develop progressively more stringent gas cleaning systems. The key goal is development of a novel gas cleanup in order to reduce impurities from the product gas to meet limits required for Green Syngas 8 ACTIVITY REPORT 2010 Department of Chemical Engineering upgrading to syngas from a biomass feedstock. The project is coordinated by the Department of Design Sciences at Lund University. Research at the department of Chemical Engineering concerns the thermal gasification and CO2 removal. Process Industrial Centre at Lund University, PIC-LU, which started in 2008 is a collaboration between Automatic Control, Chemical Engineering and the companies in the process industry. The companies Borealis, Novo Nordisk, Perstorp, Pfizer Health, K.A. Rasmussen and Novozymes are the industrial partners. PIC-LU is financed by the Foundation for Strategic research together with the companies. Process flexibility, availability and controllability are key areas in the integrated research projects. Project-1 is focused on flexible production through optimal grade changes in a large scale continuous chemical plant using process model calibration and dynamic optimization tools. Project-3 is focused upon Quality by Design in biopharmaceutical industry. The combination of disturbance modeling and process optimization under hard quality constraint generates new methods for the pharmaceutical industry. Project-4 is focused on flexible design of separation of metal ions and project-5 is about controllability of industrial fermenters. www.pic.lu.se. The research in water and environmental engineering covers a broad range of research related to water use and treatment in the modern societies. Projects are often made together with Swedish municipalities and companies. Improvement of anaerobic treatment of sludge and other organic urban waste is since a long time an important research area as is improved housekeeping and utilisation of organic material in wastewater for extended removal of nitrogen and phosphorus another. A large national research project, MistraPharma, started in 2008 with the objective of assessing the size and risk of these compounds to the environment and designing waste water treatment methods for the most important APIs, active pharmaceutical ingredients. The project leader is the Royal Institute of Technology, and the consortium involves five more Swedish universities (including LU) as well as DTU. The department will work on the development of new treatment methods in this project. ACTIVITY REPORT 2009 9 Department of Chemical Engineering Publications The number of publications in scientific journals during 2010 was 31. This is comparable with the last three years with a production of journal publication just below 40. The following articles with authors from the department were published in scientific journals during 2010. 1. Westerlund, C, Westerberg, B, Odenbrand, I, Egnell, R: Model Predictive Control of a Combined EGR/SCR HD Diesel Engine, SAE 2010-01-1175, Proceedings from SAE World Congress 2010, 2010 2. Bösch, Peter, Wallberg, Ola, Joelsson, Elisabeth, Galbe, Mats, Zacchi, Guido: Impact of dual temperature profile in dilute acid hydrolysis of spruce for ethanol production , Biotechnology for Biofuels, 3(1/15), 2010 3. Bösch, Peter, Wallberg, Ola, Joelsson, Elisabeth, Galbe, Mats, Zacchi, Guido: Impact of dual temperature profile in dilute acid hydrolysis of spruce for ethanol production , Biotechnology for Biofuels, 3(15), 1-12, 2010 4. Bracewell, D, Gernaey, K V, Glassey, J, Hass, V C, Heinzle, E, Mandenius, C F, Olsson, I-M, Racher, A, Staby, A, Titchener-Hooker, N: Report and recommendation of a workshop on education and training for measurement, monitoring, modelling and control (M3C) in biochemical engineering , Biotechnol. J., 5, 359-367, 2010 5. C. Piccolo, M. Wiman, F. Bezzo,, G. Lidén: Enzyme adsorption on SO2 catalyzed steam-pretreated wheat and spruce material , Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 46, 159-169, 2010 6. Carrasco, C., Baudel, H.M., Sendelius, J., Modig, T., Roslander, C., Galbe, M., HahnHägerdal, B., Zacchi, G.,, Lidén, G: Steam Pretreatment and Fermentation of Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Sugarcane Bagasse using Pentose-fermenting Yeasts , Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 46, 64-73, 2010 7. Erdei, Borbála, Barta, Zsolt, Sipos, Bálint, Réczey, Kati, Galbe, Mats, Zacchi, Guido: Ethanol production from mixtures of wheat straw and wheat meal , Biotechnology for Biofuels , 3(16), 2010 8. Ferreira-Leitão, Viridiana, Cruz Perrone, Clarissa, Rodrigues, Joice, Machado Franke, Ana Paula, Macrelli, Stefano, Zacchi Guido: An approach to the utilisation of CO2 as impregnating agent in steam pretreatment of sugar cane bagasse and leaves for ethanol production , Biotechnology for Biofuels, 3(7), 2010 9. Foglia, Domenico, Ljunggren, Mattias, Wukovits, Walter, Friedl, Anton, Zacchi, Guido: Integration studies on a two-stage fermentation process for the production of biohydrogen , Journal of Cleaner Production , 18, 72-80, 2010 10. Fredenberg, S, Wahlgren M, Reslow M, Axelsson A: Pore formation and pore closure in PLG films , J of Controlled Release, 2010 11. Geddes, C.C., Peterson, J J, Roslander, C, Zacchi, G, Mullinnix, M.T, Shanmugam, K.T., Ingram, L.O.: Optimizing the saccharification of sugar cane bagasse using dilute phosphoric acid followed by fungal cellulases , Bioresource Technology , 101, 18511857, 2010 12. Grasselli, R. K, Lugmair, C. G, Volpe Jr., A. F, Andersson, A, Burrington, J. D: Enhancement of acrylic acid yields in propane and propylene oxidation by selective P 10 ACTIVITY REPORT 2010 Department of Chemical Engineering doping of MoV(Nb)TeO-based M1 and M2 catalysts , Catalysis Today, 157, 33-38, 2010 13. Häggblad, R, Hansen, S, Wallenberg, L. R, Andersson, A : Stability and performance of cation vacant Fe3-x-yVxyO4 spinel phase catalysts in methanol oxidation , Journal of Catalysis, 276, 24-37, 2010 14. Hoyer, Kerstin, Galbe, Mats, Zacchi, Guido: Effects of enzyme feeding strategy on ethanol yield in fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of spruce at high dry matter , Biotechnology for Biofuels, 3(14), 2010 15. K. Olofsson, Palmqvist B.,, Lidén G: Improving simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation of pretreated wheat straw using enzyme and substrate feeding , Biotechnology for Biofuels , 3:17, 2010 16. Kaunisto, Erik, Abrahmsen-Alami, Susanna, Borgquist, Per, Larsson, Anette, Nilsson, Bernt, Axelsson, Anders: A mecanistic modelling approachto polymer dissolution using magnetic resonance microimaging , Journal of Controlled Release, 147, 232241, 2010 17. Kaunisto, Erik, Marucci, Mariagrazia, Axelsson, Anders: Dissolution Kinetics or Pure Mass Transfer? A mechanistic Study of Dissolution , AIChE Journal, 00(0), 1-8, 2010 18. Keskitalo, Jukka, Jansen, Jes la Cour, Leiviskä, Kauko: Calibration and validation of a modified ASM1 using long-term simulation of a full-scale pulp mill wastewater treatment plant , Environmental Technology, 31(5), 555-566, 2010 19. Larsdotter, Karin, Jansen, Jes la Cour, Dalhammar, Gunnel: Phosporus removal from wastewater by microalgae in Sweden - a year-round perspective , Environmental technology, 31(2), 117-123, 2010 20. Ljunggren, Mattias, and Zacchi, Guido: Techno-economic analysis of a two-step biological process for hydrogen production , Biotechnology progress, 26(2), 496-504, 2010 21. Ljunggren, Mattias, and Zacchi, Guido: Techno-economic analysis of a two-step biological process producing hydrogen and methane , Bioresource Technology, 101(20), 7780-7788, 2010 22. Markowski, Mariusz, Urbaniec, Krzysztof, Budek, Andrzej, Trafczynski, Marian, Wukovits, Walter, Friedl, Anton, Ljunggren, Mattias, Zacchi Guido: Estimation of energy demand of fermentation-based hydrogen production , Journal of Cleaner Production , 18, 81-87, 2010 23. Monavari, Sanam, Bennato, Andrea, Galbe, Mats, Zacchi, Guido: Improved one-step steam pretreatment of SO2-impregnated softwood with time-dependent temperature profile for ethanol production , Biotechnology Progress, 26(4), 1054-1060, 2010 24. Nordin, Anna-Karin, Jönsson, Ann-Sofi: Influence of module configuration on total economics during ultrafiltration at high concentration , Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 88, 1555-1562, 2010 25. Olofsson, K, Wiman, M, Lidén, G: Controlled feeding of cellulases improves conversion of in simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation for bioethanol production. , J. Biotechnol, 145, 168-175, 2010 26. Persson, T, Jönsson, A-S: Isolation of hemicelluloses by ultrafiltration ov thermomechanical pulp mill process water - Influence of operating conditions , Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 88, 1548-1554, 2010 27. Persson, Tobias, Krawczyk, Holger, Nordin, Anna-Karin, Jönsson, Ann-Sofi: Fractionation of process water in thermomechanical pulp mills , Bioresource Technology, 101, 3884-3892, 2010 ACTIVITY REPORT 2009 11 Department of Chemical Engineering 28. Roxå, Torgny, Mårtensson, Katarina, Alveteg, Mattias: Understanding and influencing teaching and learning cultrues at university - A network approach , Higher Education, 2010 29. Sipos, Balint, Kreuger, Emma, Svensson, Sven-Erik, Reczey, Kati, Björnsson, Lovisa, Zacchi Guido: Steam pretreatment of dry and ensiled industrial hemp for ethanol production , Biomass and bioenergy, 34, 1721-1731, 2010 30. Tominaga, Koji, Aherne, Julian, Watmough, Shaun A, Alveteg, Mattias, Cosby, Bernard J, Driscoll, Charles T, Posch, Maximilian, Pourmokhtarian, Afshin: Predicting Acidification Recovery at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire: Evaluation of Four Models , Environmental Science and Technology, 44(23), 9003-9009, 2010 31. Westerberg, Karin, Degerman, Marcus, Nilsson, Bernt: Pooling control in variable preparative chromatography processes , Bioprocess and Biosystems, 33, 375-382, 2010 12 ACTIVITY REPORT 2010 Department of Chemical Engineering PhD theses Two PhD theses were defended during 2010. Häggblad, Robert Selective oxidation over mixed metal oxide Dept of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, 2010 Monavari, Sanam Development of the Steam Pretreatment Process for Production of Ethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass Dept of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, 2010 Lic theses One Licentiate thesis was defended during 2010. Bernstad, Anna Environmental Evaluation of Solid Household Waste Management the Augustenborg Ecocity Dept of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, 2010 ACTIVITY REPORT 2009 13 Department of Chemical Engineering 3. External contacts and events The national facility for Process Development of ethanol production processes (PDU) attracts a number of visitors every year. This year visitor came from China, India, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Germany, Switzerland and USA. The PDU has also been used for commissioned research for companies in Sweden, Norway, Italy, Netherlands, Japan, Switzerland and USA. Process Industrial Centre at Lund University, PIC-LU, held its second centre conference at Stenungsbaden in June 2010. The conference also contained industrial visits at the petro chemical cluster in Stenungsund. The Department together with the Department of Automatic Control is the academic partners in PIC-LU. These two departments together with process industry organize the centre both for research and competence development in the area of enhanced production in process industry. Six companies are current partners, Borealis, Perstorp, Novo Nordisk, K.A. Rasmussen, Novozymes and Pfizer Health. The activities in the centre, particularly the competence development program, attract a lot of external contact and collaboration. PIC-LU organized two school activities during 2010, spring school and autumn school. In the spring two courses was organized, Control of industrial processes and Industrial process simulation, and in the autumn three courses, Optimization of industrial processes, Process engineering and Process integration in biopharmaceutical industry. The schools are organized during two and a half day at the university campus. This is a good opportunity to create valuable contact between academy and industry. Collaboration with partners in Denmark increase every year, both with academic colleges and industry, and also this year. Our Master students and PhD students often get job proposals for employment on the "other" side of Öresund. Research contacts with industrial partners are also becoming regular. Together with Novo Nordisk A/S and Novozymes A/S the department works in a number of different research projects. The projects are important in regional perspective to increase mobility and mutual understanding. Adjunct professor Arne Staby, Novo Nordisk A/S, gave one of the courses in PIC-LU autumn school. 14 ACTIVITY REPORT 2010 Department of Chemical Engineering 4. Personnel Due to both graduation and recruitment of PhD students and temporary quest researchers, the number of employees at the department change during the year. However, as an average, the number of personnel at the departments was about 65 during 2010. The Faculty consisted of 23 senior staff members, including 12 professors, 2 adjunt professor, 2 associate professors, 4 lecturers and 5 researchers. The technical and administrative staff was 8 persons. The average number of PhD students was 34. Two PhD students graduated and left the department, and eight new Ph.D. students were recruited during 2010. The department had 8 guest researchers and project employees during 2010. Figure 5.1: Personnel at the Department of Chemical Engineering 2010. ACTIVITY REPORT 2009 15 Department of Chemical Engineering 5. Economy Of the income for 2010 (about 58.5 MSEK), slightly more than 50% comes from University funding, the larger share of which is faculty grants for teaching. Faculty research vg 21 14.7 MSEK External grants for research vg 35 26.5 MSEK Teaching vg 11 15 MSEK Contract research vg 55 2.2 MSEK Figure 6.1. Income at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, 2010. 16 ACTIVITY REPORT 2010 Department of Chemical Engineering Contact information: Department of Chemical Engineering Lund University Getingevägen 60 P.O. Box 124 SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden Secretaries: Lill Dahlström tel. +46 46 2228285 e-mail: lill.dahlstrom@chemeng.lth.se Lena Nilsson tel. +46 46 2228269 e-mail: lena.nilsson@chemeng.lth.se Website: www.chemeng.lth.se ACTIVITY REPORT 2009 17