20130425/HNR: V1.0
John Bernander, Bioenergi som motor, Oslo 13 .11. 2013
Og Bakom synger skogen
TOTAL WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY
SOURCE (2010)
Waste Heat
Geothermal
Biomass
Solar Thermal
Renewables
Biomass heat
Wind, sun and biomass. Source: Wikipedia
Total
Fossil fuels
Nuclear
Renewables
p.3
80,6 %
2,7 %
16,7 %
Source: Wikipedia
11,44 %
Solar hotwater
0,17 %
Geothermal heat
0,12 %
Hydropower
3,34 %
Ethanol
0,50 %
Biodiesel
0,17 %
Biomass electricity
0,28 %
Wind power
0,51 %
Geothermal electricity
0,07 %
Solar PV power
0,06 %
Solar CSP
0,002 %
Ocean power
0,001 %
Waste Heat
TWO MAIN MODES OF OPERATION:
1
2
ELECTRICAL POWER ONLY
100 %
1 POWER ONLY
18 %
2 CHP
Geothermal
Biomass
Solar Thermal
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER
(CHP)
100 %
12 %
ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICITY
88 %
-Utilization of otherwise wasted heat
-Output heat is cooled away, but at a much lower temp.
p.4
HEAT
HEAT
USEFUL HEAT
HEAT
PRODUCED HEAT
HEAT
WASTE HEAT
WASTE HEAT
82 %
-For CHP systems, the heat is usually the main product
-Output heat is therefore utilized (hot water etc.)
Waste Heat
ONE OUT OF MANY INTERESTING EXAMPLES:
Geothermal
Biomass
Solar Thermal
By generating 10 % electricity from existing biomass-fuelled heat
(11.44 % of world total), one could cover up to as much as 20 times the
entire PV production, or one third of the entire hydropower production!
Translated into 10 kW
CraftEngines, this means:
200.000.000
Example calculation (10 % of biomass heat):
1. 11,44 % * 10 % / 0,06 % ≈ 20 times!
2. 100 GW x 20 / 10 kW = 200.000.000 units…
Wikipedia on PV capacity: “And by end of 2012, the 100 GW
installed capacity milestone was achieved.”
Obviously, the short term reality doesn’t look “quite” like this, but
the potential is clearly shown, and that’s the important point!
p.5
A UNIVERSAL TOOL FOR SMALL-SCALE POWER GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE HEAT SOURCES
Waste Heat
Geothermal
Biomass
Solar Thermal
(CraftEngine expander/
piston engine – actual design)
The CRAFTENGINE
p.6
The heart of the CRAFTENGINE:
The CRAFTENGINE piston engine/expander
Waste Heat
WHAT THE CRAFTENGINE IS AND WHAT IT DOES
PRINCIPLE
190 cm
Geothermal
Biomass
Solar Thermal
EL
Heat and Power Output
HEAT
HEAT
Heat Input
120 cm
60 cm
HIGHLIGHTS
CraftEngine
> Novel patented automotive-designed engine technology for local/distributed power generation
> Converts heat from any* heat source into electricity – Typ. cost € 0,04 – € 0,12 per kWh
Also:
> Extremely broad input temperature range starting at approx. 80 °C
> Enormous market size within waste heat, geothermal, biomass and solar segments
*Any
p.7
heat source with a temperature from approx. 80 °C and upwards may be used as input energy source to produce electricity
WHAT MAKES THE CRAFTENGINE REALLY UNIQUE:
IT GENERATES POWER FROM ALL THE FOUR MAIN RENEWABLE HEAT SOURCES:
Waste Heat
Biomass
p.8
Geothermal
Solar Thermal
Waste Heat
EXHAUST GAS RECOVERY (EGR) – THE PRINCIPLE
Geothermal
Biomass
Solar Thermal
Test partner/customer
ENERGY FLOW EXAMPLE
MWM, Germany (part of caterpillar)
-Power generation from gas engine
exhaust heat
€ 4,0 cent/kWh
Payback 1,4 years
Exhaust gas
Output
(residual)
heat
HEAT
HEAT
Exhaust gas heat exchanger
CraftEngine system
Air-cooled condenser
Demonstration customer
Generator sets/combustion engines
(natural gas, biogas, landfill gas, sewage gas, mine gas, diesel, etc.)
-May increase fuel efficiency by up to 5 – 7 %
p.9
BE Aerospace, USA
-Power generation from diesel
engine exhaust heat
€ 4,0 cent/kWh
Payback 1,4 years
Waste Heat
POWER GENERATION FROM WASTE INCINERATORS
FLUE GAS HEAT FROM
WASTE INCINERATORS
HEAT SOURCES
WASTE HEAT FROM
WASTE INCINERATOR PLANTS
Biomass
Solar Thermal
Test partner/customer
Returkraft AS, Norway
-Waste heat power
generation from a waste
incinerator plant
€ 4,0 cent/kWh
Payback 1,4 years
ENERGY FLOW EXAMPLE
Flue
gas
HEAT
Incinerator
Flue gas heat exchanger
- Enables great savings or profits from ‘simply’ burning waste
p.10
Geothermal
HEAT
CraftEngine system
Air-cooled condenser
Waste Heat
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER GENERATION FROM BIOMASS BOILERS
DISTRICT HEATING PLANTS/HEATING STATIONS
SOME APPLICATIONS
AGRICULTURAL FACILITIES
Biomass
Solar Thermal
Development/test
partners
ETA Heiztechnik GmbH, At.
(BIOS Bioenergiesysteme Gmbh, At.)
ENERGY FLOW EXAMPLE
-El. production from a hightemperature biomass boiler
€ 12,0 cent/kWh
Payback 2,6 years
Pilot partner/customer
EL
Hot
water
HEAT
Heat and power output
Veggli Bio AS, Norway
-El. production from a hightemperature biomass boiler
€ 12,0 cent/kWh
Payback 2,6 years
HEAT
Biomass (wood chip) boiler
CraftEngine system
Energy consumers
- The CraftEngine adds value by enabling electricity production in addition to heat production
p.11
Geothermal
CRAFTENGINE – BIOMASS APPLICATION
Agricultural Market
p.12
Residential Market
Waste Heat
BIOMASS SEEN IN COMBINATION WITH WASTE HEAT, GEOTHERMAL AND SOLAR
DISTRICT HEATING PLANTS/HEATING STATIONS
A FEW QUICK FACTS
SOME APPLICATIONS
AGRICULTURAL FACILITIES
-For example, all wood gas and biogas engines produce waste heat that can be further utilized by a CraftEngine to
generate even more electricity.
-It has been stated that it could be a wise decision in the not so very far future to complement biomass heating
stations with drilled geothermal wells (Prof. P. H. Heyerdahl, UMB. The reasons are best explained by him.)
-Solar thermal systems only produce heat when there is sunlight. Biomass is a natural complement to this in order
to provide continuous energy supply, both for heat and electricity, and eventually cooling*.
* By use of e.g. absorption chillers
p.13
Geothermal
Biomass
Solar Thermal
CRAFTENGINE – BIOMASS APPLICATION – WOOD DRYER
p.14
CRAFTENGINE – BIOMASS APPLICATION
Illustration of a heating container with a 200kW wood chip boiler + 50kW oil thermal boiler + CraftEngine
p.15
CRAFTENGINE – BIOMASS MARKET – PILOT PROJECT
Load
(kWth)
Primary boilers (2x200KW)
(normal temperature output, 60-90°C)
Secondary boiler (1x50KW)
(condenser temperature output, 60 - 80°C)
Annual operating hours
p.16
Waste Heat
RENEWABLE THERMAL ENERGY MARKETS – SUMMARY
COST
APPLICATIONS
MARKET SEGMENTS
Waste Heat Recovery
Biomass
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Biomass
 CraftEngine may be used in
conjunction with virtually any
waste heat source in order to
generate electricity and/or heat.
 CraftEngine will generate
electricity and heat from a
majority of the current geothermal
sources.
 Beginning at approximately 80 °C
and from 30 kW and upwards, the
CraftEngine covers the widest
range of waste heat sources.
 The CraftEngine is equally suitable
for geothermal hot springs as well
as engineered/enhanced
geothermal wells with minimum
temperatures / power capacities
of around 80 °C / 50 kW.
 CraftEngine is ideally suited to
generate electricity and heat from
high-temperature biomass boilers
as well as conventional boilers as
long as the temperature is
sufficiently high.
 CraftEngine may be used in
conjunction with modern and
conventional solar thermal
collector technologies in order to
generate electricity, heat and/or
cooling.
 CraftEngine may also be
retrofitted on existing systems
where thermal output is at
minimum 80 °C / 30kW.
 CraftEngine may also be
retrofitted on existing systems
where thermal output is at
minimum 80 °C / 30kW.
Waste heat from Combustion
Engines, Mineral, Metal, Chemical
and Medical Industries, Oil & Gas,
Marine Vessels, Waste Incinerators,
Food and Dairy plants etc.
 Energy supply to Hotels, Farms,
Apartment Buildings, Office
Buildings, Factories, Energy
companies etc
 Energy supply to Farms, Heating
Centrals, Hotels, Office buildings,
Apartment buildings, Private
households, Factories, Backup
systems, Drying Applications etc
 Energy supply to Schools,
Hospitals, Apartment Buildings,
Office Buildings, Hotels, Farms,
Shopping Malls, Private
Households, Factories etc
 Production cost per kWh electricity
(typical):
 Production cost per kWh electricity
(typical):
 Production cost per kWh electricity
(typical):
 Production cost per kWh
electricity:
€ 4,0 cent/kWh
€ 4,0 cent/kWh
€ 12 cent/kWh
 Payback time (typ.): 1,4 years
p.17
Geothermal
 Payback time (typ.): 1,4 years
 Cost of heat: € 4,0 cent/kWh
 Payback time (typ.): 2,6 years
Solar Thermal
Solar partner input
 Payback time: Solar partner input
Other ORCs
Steam Engines
Stirling Engines
(ICE)
(PV)
CHART – SPECIFIC COST VS. POWER OUTPUT
(Cost levels are not
absolute, but represent
typical examples)
25000
20000
10000
5000
4000
SPECIFIC COST | € /kW|
15000
(Photovoltaics)
3000
2000
1000
(€/kW)
POWER OUTPUT |kWe|
1
(kWe)
2
5
10
20
50
100
200
300
400
500
(The CraftEngine cost is based on actual costs from manufacturer (AVL) and sub-suppliers.)
p.18
600
700
800
1000
(Power bounds are not absolute, but represent typical conditions)
WHY ARE SMALL SCALES SO “HOT”?
Sales volume potential increases with smaller scale:
•
•
•
•
Annual waste heat potential in the tens of thousands range
Annual geothermal potential in the thousands range
Annual biomass potential in the thousands range
Annual solar thermal potential in the thousands range
> 10MW
Large-scale
1 – 10 MW
Medium scale
CraftEngine
50 kW – 1 MW
Small scale
5 – 50 kW
Mini scale
< 5 kW
Micro scale
Relative sales volume potential
p.19
CraftEngine “only”
Utfordringer i Norge
• Logistikk skog og konsument
• Største bruker
• Vannbåren varme
• Mottaksplikt strøm
• Incentiv installasjon/feed in tariff
• Kraftoverskudd
Østre Strandgate 40
P.O. Box 22
N-4661 Kristiansand
NORWAY
Walter-Freitag-Str. 16
D-42899 Remscheid
GERMANY
Tel: +47 38 10 41 00
Fax: +47 38 02 08 40
E–mail: firmapost@vdg.no
www.vdg.no
Tel: +49 (0)2191 950 0
Fax: +49 (0)2191 950 19 140
E-mail: info@avl-schrick.com
www.avl-schrick.com