NIGERIA PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY
CONFERENCE – SOLARCON 2014
OVERVIEW – THE ROLE OF
PROFESSIONALS IN SOLAR ENERGY
DEVELOPMENT
ENGR. OTIS ANYAEJI, FAEng, FNSE
MANAGING DIRECTOR/ CHIEF EXECUTIVE
OFFICER
O.T.OTIS ENGINEERING LTD
Earth receives 174 petawatts (PW =1015 W) of incoming solar
radiation at the upper atmosphere at any given time
SOLAR AVAILABILITY
In Nigeria, solar radiation intensities range between 3.5 to
70kWhm–2/day, with an average solar radiation intensity of
5.535kWh/ m2/day. The average sunlight duration is about 6 -
6.5hours daily. The average annual solar energy incident in
Nigeria is approx. 1.804×1015kWh and this value is about 27
times the country's total fossil energy resources in energy units
and over 115,000 times the electrical power produced.
SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
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SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATION
SOLAR ENERGY THERMAL APPLICATION
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATION
Photovoltaics (or PV) is the field of technology related to the
application of solar cells for energy by converting solar energy
directly into electricity
A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is a semiconductor device consisting
of a large-area p-n junction diode, which in the presence of sunlight is
capable of generating usable electrical energy.
Materials that absorb the visible light are known as semiconductor
materials.
Semiconductor is a poor electrical conductor
If a piece of p-type silicon is placed in intimate contact with a piece
of n-type silicon, then a diffusion of electrons occurs and current will
flow
Examples of semiconductor materials employed in solar cells
include silicon, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, and copper
indium selenide.
SOLAR ENERGY THERMAL APPLICATION
A solar thermal plant is composed of two quite distinct fields. First is the
power block which is quite similar to the power blocks installed in any
electrical power plant. This power block is comprised of a series of units
such as the turbine, alternator, condenser, exchangers, pumps etc., which
are units that have been extensively tested in the industrial market and
are produced by a large number of manufacturers.
TECHNOLOGIES
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Technology systems use
mirrors or lenses with tracking systems to focus a large area
of sunlight onto a small area. The concentrated light is then
used as heat or as a heat source for a conventional power
plant (solar thermoelectricity). The solar concentrators used
in CSP systems can often also be used to provide industrial
process heating or cooling, such as in solar air-conditioning.
CSP TECHNOLOGIES
Concentrating technologies exist in five common forms,
namely
• Parabolic Trough Solar Electric Generating System;
• Enclosed Trough;
• Dish Stirlings System;
• Concentrating Linear Fresnel Reflector; and
• Solar Power Tower
The different components of a solar power plant can be
manufactured in Nigeria and professionals can also find space
in that segment of solar power value chain
SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
Review of
Review of
• Present Scheme Configuration
• Reliability and Security
• Costing
• New Transmission Alternatives
• Consumption Centers /
Power Market Load Forecast
Government
Policy
•Energy &
Economic Policy
•Institutional, Legal,
Regulatory
Grid Development and
Consistency with Generation
Plan Scenarios
Network Analysis: Selection of
Optimum Scheme Technically
and Economically
Detailed System Study
and Costing
Policy Criteria
Review of Economic
Evaluation and of Externalities
Review of Financial Evaluation
Feasibility & Characteristics of
Adopted Transmission Scheme
and Implementation Plan
Grid Stability and Key Load Flow
Analysis Categories
• Voltage and Frequency
• Short Circuit Calculation
• Static and Dynamic Stability
• Overall Protection Concept
Key Decision Criteria
• Security and Reliability
• Quality
• Economic Optimisation
• Equitable Access
• Environmental Impact
• Financial Sustainability
THE ROLE OF PROFESSIONALS
CONCLUSION
Project Management is the key factor in the development of Solar
Energy.
Stakeholders involved include:
1.
2.
3.
Project Owners
Consultants/Service Providers
Contractors
DELIVERABLES
1.
2.
3.
4.
Feasibility Studies
Bankable Feasibility Studies
Basic & Detailed Engineering Design
Civil & Erection Works
FUNDING SOURCES
Government
• Policy Based Finance from Federal Account, CBN Discount Rate, Excess
Crude, Pension fund, etc
International Donors
MDAs
Private Sector
1.
1.
2.
3.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH