gtz supported ecosan projects in India
Implemented by the Innovative Ecological Sanitation Network India (IESNI)
Christine Werner, Martin Wafler, Johannes Heeb, Hinnerk Bartels, Dayanand Panse
German Agency for Technical Co-Operation (gtz)
ecological sanitation programme, Division 44 – environment and infrastructure
IWA – Conference „Advanced Sanitation“; Aachen, Germany, 12th – 13th March 2007
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content
 India, sanitation situation today
 the ecosan approach
 Innovative ecological sanitaion
network India - IESNI
 ecosan service foundation - esf
 gtz supported ecosan projects in
India
IWA – Conference „Advanced Sanitation“; Aachen, Germany, 12th – 13th March 2007
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introduction to ecosan
(source: MSPCB)
current sanitation situation in India
open drain of blackwater,
city of Pandapur, India
(source: MSPCB)
open defecation, normality for millions in
india
 freshwater - increasing scarcity and
degrading quality
 almost 40 % of the urban population
and 65% of the rural population (in all
over 650 millions of people) has no
access to safe sanitation
 over 60 % of the wastewater is
discharged untreated into
waterbodies or infiltrates into
groundwater
 diarrhoea is the biggest childhood
killer in India. Nearly 1/3 of all
diarrhoeal diseases occur in India,
whilst the population represents only
1/6 of the global population
 to reach the MDG´s approximately
82,000 people need to be provided
with sanitation facilities every day
IWA – Conference „Advanced Sanitation“; Aachen, Germany, 12th – 13th March 2007
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introduction to ecosan
eco-sanitation concepts and strategies
eco-sanitation…
 … is not a specific technology, but a new philosophy based on an eco-system-oriented view of material flows of dealing with what is presently regarded as waste and
wastewater for disposal
 …considers human excreta and wastewater not as wastes
but as natural resources
 … applies the basic natural principle of closing the loop by
using modern and safe sanitation and reuse technologies
 … opens up a wider range of sanitation options than those
currently considered.
IWA – Conference „Advanced Sanitation“; Aachen, Germany, 12th – 13th March 2007
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introduction to ecosan
ecological sanitation - a new approach
 improvement of health by
minimizing the introduction of
pathogens from human
excrements into the water cycle
 promotion of safe recovery and
use of nutrients, organics, trace
elements, water and energy
 preservation of soil fertility and
improvment of agricultural
productivity
 conservation of resources
 preference for modular,
decentralised systems for more
appropriate, cost-efficient
solutions
® gtz
 promotion of a holistic,
interdisciplinary approach
IWA – Conference „Advanced Sanitation“; Aachen, Germany, 12th – 13th March 2007
 material flow cycle instead of
disposal
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Introduction to ecosan
principles of ecosan
FOOD
FOOD
closing the loop
between sanitation
and agriculture
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
Pathogen
destruction
gtz, 2006
IWA – Conference „Advanced Sanitation“; Aachen, Germany, 12th – 13th March 2007
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ecosan technologies
overview of ecosan technology-components
solid biowaste
faeces
urine
greywater
rainwater
collection
Vacuum Sewerage
Gravity Sewerage (conv. or small-bore, centr. or decentr.)
Solid-Liquid Separation
Urine diversion
Dehydration Toilets
Constructed
(Prolonged) storage
wetlands,
Composting, vermi-composting
Urine
ponds, bioprocessing
treatment, etc.
Anaerobic treatment
Sludge
dehydration,
Wastewater treatment (centralised or decentr.)
soilification
Soil conditionning with treated
Excreta and Solid Biowaste
Biogas use for
lightning,
cooking,
electric power
Rainwater
Harvesting
Fertilizing
with Urine
or derivates
Reuse of (treated) wastewater
in agriculture, aquaculture,
epuvalisation, etc.
Rainwater
Treatment
Greywater
gardens,
mulch trench
systems
(Re)-Use as service
water or in agriculture,
aquaculture, ground water
recharge etc.
® gtz
utilisation
treatment
Composting Toilets
Separate
greywater
collection
IWA – Conference „Advanced Sanitation“; Aachen, Germany, 12th – 13th March 2007
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Innovative Ecological Sanitation Network India (IESNI)
Logos der Partner
objectives
 supporting the development of:
 innovative ecological sanitation systems
(closed loop systems) for India (for rural and
urban applications)
 the institutional and economical framework
for implementation of innovative ecological
sanitation systems in India
 the acceptance of reusing recycled nutrients in
agricultural applications
 implementing and evaluating pilot projects in
India.
 providing capacity building, knowledge
dissemination, experience sharing and
implementation support
IWA – Conference „Advanced Sanitation“; Aachen, Germany, 12th – 13th March 2007
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esf
ecosan services foundation
Start up 2006
ecosan capacity
building
ecosan projects
ecosan consulting
objectives:
to provide ecological sanitation services to…
• urban local bodies
• state governments
• NGO’S
• consumers/private individuals
• developers/ companies
IWA – Conference „Advanced Sanitation“; Aachen, Germany, 12th – 13th March 2007
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esf
esf training courses
first esf ecosan course will
begin in March 2007
lectures
source: gtz
basics
excursions / site visits
1. week
2. week
technolgies
case studies
3. week
individual
case studies
IWA – Conference „Advanced Sanitation“; Aachen, Germany, 12th – 13th March 2007
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esf
Shital Ceramics
source: esf
new Indian ecosan squatting pan by Shital Ceramics
in Ahmedabad, Gujarat (India) for INR 600
new two piece ceramic sqatting pan with washing bowl for anal cleansing
produced by Shital Ceramics, march 2007
european style urine separation toilet for INR 900 will follow
IWA – Conference „Advanced Sanitation“; Aachen, Germany, 12th – 13th March 2007
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ecosan pilot projects
experimental eco-friendly public toilet center, Bangalore
type of project:
upgrading of public toilet centre and processing site
location:
Bangalore, Karnataka State, India
(source:
implementation period:
2002 - 2005
IWA – Conference „Advanced Sanitation“; Aachen, Germany, 12th – 13th March 2007
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ecosan pilot projects
source: ACTS
source: ACTS
experimental eco-friendly public toilet center, Bangalore
3-hole-system at ACTS Public Toilet Centre
barrels for the collection of urine and feces
IWA – Conference „Advanced Sanitation“; Aachen, Germany, 12th – 13th March 2007
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ecosan pilot projects
experimental eco-friendly public toilet center, Bangalore
experimental suction unit; vacuum tank
(left) and urine collection tank (right)
source: ACTS
source: ACTS
new logistics system for collection, transport and processing (contd.)
experimental suction unit mounted on
lorry
IWA – Conference „Advanced Sanitation“; Aachen, Germany, 12th – 13th March 2007
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