GIS SOA與雲端架構 蔡博文 台大地理環境資源學系 中研院地理資訊專題研究中心 地理資訊系統的發展 Mainframe PC hardware MS Window Desktop Internet GIS WAN Internet Mobile OS Wireless & Mobile communication Mobile Open GIS SDI Web Service Mainframe 單機系統 (自給自足) Desktop Internet 網路系統 (資源分享) Web Service 網路系統 (資源共享) 資源分享 • Internet GIS • 集中式資料庫 • 主從式架構(client-server) • 資料項目、內容受制於伺服端 Internet GIS Server Database 使用者 Map Server Map Server Map Server 資料庫 資料庫 資料庫 資源共享 • 分散式架構(distributed architecture) • 通透使用(interoperability) – a property referring to the ability of diverse systems and organizations to work together Internet GIS Server Database .jpg • 開放性架構(Open Architecture) – 設備對設備的通透性(資料、系統…) • Open GIS .shp Open GIS開放標準 • ISO (International Organization for Standardization) (http://www.iso.org/iso/home.htm) – 1947年成立於日內瓦 – 標準制訂的基本原則 • 共識性(consensus) • 通用性(industry-wide) • 自願性(voluntary) – TC 211 (technical committee) – ISO 19100 series ISO TC 211 specifications ISO 6709:1983, Standard representation of latitude, longitude and altitude for geographic point locations ISO 19101 - Reference model ISO 19102 – Overview ISO/TS 19103 - Conceptual schema language ISO 19104 - Terminology ISO 19105 - Conformance and testing ISO 19106 - Profiles ISO 19107 - Spatial schema ISO 19108 - Temporal schema ISO 19109 - Rules for application schema ISO 19110 - Feature cataloguing methodology ISO 19111 - Spatial referencing by coordinates ISO 19112 - Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers ISO 19113 - Quality principles ISO 19114 - Quality evaluation procedures ISO 19115 – Metadata ISO 19115-2 - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded data ISO 19116 - Positioning services ISO 19117 – Portrayal ISO 19118 - Encoding ISO 19119 - Services ISO/TR 19120 - Functional standards + Amendment 1 ISO/TR 19121 Imagery and gridded data ISO/TR 19122 - Qualifications and certification of personnel ISO 19123 - Schema for coverage geometry and functions ISO/RS 19124 - Imagery and gridded data components ISO 19125 - Simple feature access – Part 1-3 ISO 19126 - Profile - FACC Data Dictionary ISO 19127 - Geodetic codes and parameters ISO 19128 - Web Map Server Interface ISO 19129 - Imagery, gridded and coverage data framework ISO 19130 - Sensor and data model for imagery and gridded data ISO 19131 - Data product specification ISO 19132 - Location based services possible standards ISO 19133 - Location based services tracking and navigation ISO 19134 - Multimodal location based services for routing and navigation ISO 19135 - Procedures for registration of geographic information items ISO 19136 – Geography Markup Language (GML) ISO 19137 - Generally used profiles of the spatial schema and of similar important other schemas ISO 19138 – Data quality measures ISO 19139 - Metadata - Implementation specification ISO 19140 - Technical amendment to the ISO 191** Geographic information series of standards for harmonization and enhancements Open GIS開放標準 • OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) (www.opengeospatial.org/) 服務導向架構 • SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture ) – 以服務為基礎的分散式處理架構,由服務提供者、服 務需求者、及服務仲介者來達成任務需求 • 特性 – – – – 分散式架構 (distributed) 鬆散耦合的界面 (loosely coupled) 依據開放的標準 (open standard) 以流程為核心 (process centric) • 實踐 – GIS Web Service GIS Web Service • 一種軟體元件,它透過Web 通訊協定及資料格式 的開放式標準來為其他的應用程式提供服務 • 使用者在任何地方都可以使用瀏覽器發出服務需 求並獲得服務 • 特點 – 開放標準為基礎 – 互通性(Interoperability) – 提供服務元件 GIS 網路服務架構 • 應用服務(Application Services) – – – – 目錄服務(Catalog Service) 資料服務(Data Services) 功能服務(Processing Services) 繪圖服務(Portrayal Service) Data Services 資料服務 • • • • • Feature Access Service (WFS) Coverage Access Services (WCS) Sensor Collection Services (SCS) Image Archive Services Location Services (OLS) – – – – Directory Services Geocoding Services Navigation Services Gateway Services GML (geography markup language) —an XML encoding for the transport and storage of geographic information, including both the spatial and non-spatial properties of geographic features. GML Portrayal Services 繪圖服務 • Map Portrayal Service (WMS) • Coverage Portrayal Services (CPS) • Mobile Presentation Services WMS (web map service) —從多個雲端異質資料來源(heterogeneous sources)產生 並展現空間對位(registered)且可以套疊的GIS圖形 —提供三種操作 (GetCapabilities, GetMap, and GetFeatureInfo) RITI Online 中研院 QuickBird影像 網際網路 Local data Web data service Processing Services 功能服務 • 從網路上獲得事先程式化的GIS功能,對GIS資料 進行處理或分析 • 處理或分析所需的資料可以從網路上獲得,或與 功能包裹在一起 • 例如 : – – – – Coordinate Transformation Services Image Processing Services Geospatial Analysis Services Gazetteers Web Processing Service 河川 門牌 路網 地址對位 座標轉換 空間查詢 地籍 門牌 其他 路網 座標轉換服務 資料目錄 詮釋資料 地址對位服務 GIS的發展 mainframe Client/Server Desktop Web Service Cloud Web Service 雲端服務 雲端服務 • 軟體服務(SaaS) – 應用雲 – Software as a Service – comprises end-user applications delivered as a service rather than as traditional, on-premises software. – Google Docs、Gmail,微軟的Live Mail, Amazon EC2 – ArcGIS Online 雲端服務 • 平台服務 (PaaS) – 平台雲 – Platform as a Service – provides an application platform, or middleware, as a service on which developers can build and deploy custom applications. – iPhone的App Store、Google提供Android平台、 GeoWare – Google Map API、ArcGIS Server Flex API、 ArcGIS Server SOAP API 雲端服務 • 設備服務(IaaS) – 基礎雲 – Infrastructure as a Service – encompasses the hardware and technology for computing power, storage, operating systems, or other infrastructure, delivered as off-premises, ondemand services. – Amazon.com、貨櫃電腦 – ArcGIS Server HA configuration 服務導向雲端GIS Data Service SaaS PaaS IaaS Portrayal service AP Processing Service Catalog Service 結 語 Web Service SOA 第二代GIS Open GIS 雲端架構