Research Profiling of 'Standards and Innovation',
Is it Diverging or Conveging?
(2011 ICES Workshop )
27-28 June 2011
in Hangzhou, China
Choi, Donggeun (dgchoi@ksa.or.kr)
Chief Manager, International Standards Team, KSA
Secretariat, ICES
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CV: Donggeun Choi

Dong-Geun Choi is Chief Manager at Korean Standards Association (KSA).
With eleven years of experience in KSA, Dong-Geun ’s research has focused on standardization and
innovation, standardization and IPR, and standards education.

Dong-Geun initiated and managed several international projects of the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). Dong-Geun has served as
project proponent/editor for APSC SCSC Education Initiatives in 2007-2011, and also served as
Secretariat of International Cooperation of Education about Standardization (ICES) in 2009-2011.

In these international projects, Dong-Geun authored/edited several policy reports and guidelines: the
first joint project between APEC-ISO joint project published as ISO TR 28682:2008, and the APEC
SCSC Education Guidelines Series including the textbook about standardization for higher education,
“Standardization: Fundamentals, Impact, and Business Strategy”.

Dong-Geun received a Bachelor’s degree in transport engineering from Hanyang University, and
Master’s degree in transportation management from Seoul National University. He is now a PhD
candidate in Technology Innovation and Management at Sungkyunkwan University.

Dong-Geun is a Program Committee Member for 2011 ITU-T Kaleidoscope Conference and 2011 IEEE
International Conference on Standardisation and Innovation in Information Technology (SIIT) . Donggeun’
academic publications have appeared in such journals as Scientometrics (SSCI), International Journal of
Technology and Design Education(SCI-E), International Journals on IT Standards and Standardization
Research(Scopus SSCI), and ISO Focus.
Summary
 This presentation includes two sections about standardization and innovation research.
 Section I includes the review of author’s recently published paper “Research profiling for
standardization and innovation” (Choi, Lee & Sung, 2001; Scientometrics 88(1), page
259-278). This paper demonstrates that the standardization and innovation research has
continuously grown from publication of 13 papers in 1995 to 68 papers in 2008; the
majority of these papers have been published in the six subject group domains of
management, economics, environment, chemistry, computer science, and telecommunications. Technology innovation management specialty journals are the most
central sources favorable for these themes. We also present an exploratory taxonomy that
offers nine topical clusters to demonstrate the contextual structures of standardization
and innovation.
 Section II raises a question to standardization community if the studies on
‘standardization and innovation’ are diverging or converging. Although standardization
and Innovation research is clearly emerging, it is not certain if it is converging as an
academic discipline.
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Contents
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Section I
• Reviewing “Research Profiling for
Standardization and Innovation”
 Which topics have been studied
in standards and innovation?
Section II
• Rethinking about the DIVERSITY
of ‘Standards’ and ‘Innovation’
 Is it converging or diverging
topics
I. Review of “Research Profiling
of Standardization and Innovation
This section I includes summary of author’s
published paper: “Research profiling of
Standardization and Innovation”
Choi, Lee & Sung, 2011; Scientometrics 88(1), page 259-278)
available at http://www.springerlink.com/content/f5p95542u30u26q0/)
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Standardisation is a key factor
in support of a number of government policies,
including competitiveness, innovation,
science and technology.
Its importance is growing with the globalisation,
the convergence of technologies
and a growing knowledge economy.
The UK Government Public Policy Interest
in Standardisation (2009)
– DIUS (Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills)
6
1-1. Background
- What is the relationship of SI-R?
- What strategy/policy should we develop?
**SI-R: Standardization and Innovation Research
Public Policy
Business Strategy
Understanding
Interrelationship
Standardization
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Innovation
1-2. Results – Subject Domains
- Variety of 135 Domains: Management..
90
82
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
8
54
46
41
35
30
27
27
26
25
23
21
19
17
16
15
15
15
1-3. Results – Subject Domain Groupings -
Major Groups
Subject
Group
Management
Environment
Economics
CS/IS
9
# of Subjects
# of Papers
7 Subjects
129 Papers
7 Subjects
79 Papers
2 Subjects
54 Papers
8 Subjects
61 Papers
Chemistry
9 Subjects
37 Papers
EE/
Telecom
Civil/
Transport
Law/PA/PS
Socio.
3 Subjects
47 Papers
4 Subjects
31 Papers
4 Subjects
31 Papers
Subjects Grouped
Management; Planning & Development; Business; IE; OR/MS; Eng,
Multi; Eng, Industrial; Eng, Manufacturing
Env Sci; Env Stu; Eng, Env; Pub/Env/Occ; health; Energy & Fuels;
Water Resources; Ecology;
Economics; Agricultural Economics
CS, Information Systems; CS, Theory & Methods; CS, Software
Engineering; CS, Hardware & Architecture; CS, Interdisciplinary
Applications; CS, Cybernetics;
CS, Artificial Intelligence; Information Science & Library Science
Chemistry, Analytical ; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidiscipli
nary; Chemistry, Physical ; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Electro
chemistry; Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecu
lar Biology; Engineering, Chemical
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;Telecommunications; Commu
nication
Eng, Civil; Construction and Building; Transport Sci and
Technology
Law; Sociology; Public Administration; Political Science
1-4. Results – Subject Domain Groupings CAGR in 1997-2008
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
16
10
,8
,13
20
34
11
5
,11
,10
16
22
42
,10
,11
8
10
6.Telecom/EE
Group
5.Chemmistry
Group
4.Computer/Info
Group
3.Economics Group
13
18
,29
,19
39
57
1997-99 2000-2002 2003-2005 2006-2008
10
Year Block
1. Management Group
1997-99
10
AGR1
30.1%
2000-02
22
AGR2
15.6%
2003-05
34
AGR3
18.8%
2006-08
57
CAGR
21.3%
2.Environment Group
8
26.0%
16
7.7%
20
24.9%
39
19.2%
3.Economics Group
11
-3.1%
10
9.1%
13
13.5%
19
6.3%
4.Computer/Info Group
10
3.2%
11
-10.1%
8
53.6%
29
12.6%
5.Chemmistry Group
2
35.7%
5
26.0%
10
21.6%
18
27.7%
6.Telecom/EE Group
4
40.1%
11
13.3%
16
-6.7%
13
14.0%
Six Group Total (354)
45
18.6%
75
10.4%
101
20.1%
175
16.3%
Total (532)
70
12.2%
99
10.3%
133
15.1%
203
12.6%
1-5. Results – Subject Domain Groupings
- CAGR in 1997-2008
Telecom/EE group grew 40.1% from 1997-99 to 2000-02
• The expansion of mobile communication
(Bekkers, Verspagen, & Smits, 2002; Bourreau & Dogan, 2001; Kano, 2000)
Chemistry group grew 26.0% from 2000-02 to 2003-05
• Increased interest in biochemistry (M'Barek et al., 2003; Ranalli, Gomes, Delcurat
olo, Contento, & Lucera, 2003; Vallance, 2005; Veglio, Esposito, & Reverberi, 200
3).
CS/IS group grew 53.6% from 2003-5 to 2006-8,
• Diverse factors including consortia standards, open standards in the period (Lee &
Percivall, 2008; Lim, 2008; Markus, Steinfield, Wigand, & Minton, 2006).
Distilled exemplary researches of each group domain Table 4.
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1-6. Results – Journals
- published more than 5 papers
Subject
Group
Record
Count
Research policy (RP)
1.Mgt *MOT
13
International journal of technology management (IJTM)
1.Mgt *MOT
7
1.Mgt, 2.Env, 3.Eco
6
1.Mgt
6
1.Mgt *MOT
6
4.CS/IS
6
Technovation (TECH)
1.Mgt *MOT
6
IEEE transactions on engineering management (ITEM)
1.Mgt *MOT
5
Technological forecasting and social change (TFSC)
1.Mgt *MOT
5
Technology analysis & strategic management (TASM)
1.Mgt *MOT
5
4.CS/IS, 6.TEL/EE
5
Water Science and Technology (WST)
2.Env
5
Transportation research record (TRR)
Others
5
Source Title
Energy policy (EP)
Journal of environmental economics and management (JEEM)
Journal of product innovation management (JPIM)
Lecture notes in computer science (LNCS)
Telecommunications policy (TP)
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1-7. Results – Exploratory Taxonomy
- 4 Groups – 9 Clusters
- Factor Analysis & Clustering
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1-8. Results – Exploratory Taxonomy
- 4 Groups – 9 Clusters
Level 1
Level 2
Descriptions
CL1 (60)
Inter-relationship
of Standardization
and Innovation
 Interrelationship between standardization and inno
vation
 Standards implementation as innovation tool
 Policy perspective of technological standards and i
nnovation
CL2 (26)
 Standards adoption and innovation diffusion (Mode
A1 (166)
Tech-&Knowledge- D l, Factor, Network)
Function/
iffusion/Transfer
 Standards and knowledge transfer
Role
CL3 (54)
 Standardization as an integration tool; Regulatory s
Regulation/Integration tandards and innovation on technology-based industry
CL4 (26)
IPR/Patent/Law
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 Standards and IPR in competitive market
 Patent, standards, and legal issues
1-8. Results – Exploratory Taxonomy
- 4 Groups – 9 Clusters
Level 1
A2 (181)
Impact
/Strategy
Level 2
Descriptions
CL5 (88)
 Impact of technology standards in market competition;
Impact & Comp  Standards, and structure and modeling;
etitive Strategy  Standardization as business competition strategy
CL6 (93)
 Business development, performance, standards;
Business Perfor  Standardization for innovation and technological perfor
mance
mance
CL7 (86)
 Technology development, standards and innovation;
Technology & P  Technology and product design, standards and innovati
roduct
on
A3 (184)
Sector
-specific
CL8 (63) Qualit
 Quality assurance and management system standards f
y
or innovation;
& Management
 Environmental management systems standards
System
CL9 (35)
Service
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 Role of standards in service innovation;
 Service, network and communication standards
1-10. Epilogue
 Standards are Diverse in its Definition or Scope
 Metrology, Industry Standards, Conformity Assessment
 Agriculture, Building, ICT Technology, Service, QMS, SR
 Innovation is Varying in its Definition or Scope
 Launch of new products or process
 Implementation of new solutions to technological, economical
and social problems within an enterprise
 Rethinking about the nature of Standards & Innovation
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II. Unsolicited Rethinking about
Standards as Knowledge Asset
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Standards,
Perceived Images are Different
 What ARE standards?
 What are IN standards?
 What are standards FOR?
 What are IMPACT of standards?
 WHO and HOW should develop and implement standards?
 HOW should we look at and strategically utilize standards?
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Diversity of Standards
- measurement, tech & non-tech.
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Diversity of Innovation
in different fields (Gamber 2008)
 The term innovation has been examined by representatives of various fields of
study, a number of varying definitions exist in literature.
 In economics, innovation refers to the technological, social and economic
changes.
 In the field of political economics, innovation is referred to as a first
commercial use of improvements, or in other words, the launch of a new
product or process onto the market (acc. to [HOTZ-HART, 2001]).
 From a business management point of view, innovation is the implementation of
new solutions to technological, economical and social problems within an
enterprise. In this case, innovation is aimed at finding new ways of fulfilling
enterprise goals (cf for example [PLESCHAK & SABISCH, 1996]).
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Standards and Innovation Research
- Converging or Diverging?
 Are the studies on ‘standardization and innovation’ are
converging or diverging?
 Although standardization and Innovation research is
clearly emerging, it is not certain if it is converging as an
academic discipline.
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