Welcome @ Bruface
Universite Libre de Bruxelles
Dept Water Pollution Control
Environmental Technology ChimH409 (2-0-1)
Michel Verbanck
mikeverb@ulb.ac.be
2012
A follow-up to the course:
Environmental Pollution (ChimH302)
• Presented the main environmental
issues
• with a chemistry viewpoint
• with a relatively wide
perspective regarding
intervention strategies
• crossing all three
environmental compartments
Universite Libre de Bruxelles
School of Bioscience Engineering (EIB)
Environmental Technology (2-0-0 visit)
Michel Verbanck
mikeverb@ulb.ac.be
2012
Delegates: please provide your
coordinates
Course structure
Part 1. Introduction (incl. generic methods)
Part 2. Air pollution control engineering
Part 3. Water & wastewater treatment
Part 4. Solid and hazardous wastes
Reading recommendations for the course
“Environmental Technology” (ChimH409)
Reference textbooks
[1] Baumbach G. (1996). Air quality control. Springer-Verlag, 490p.
[2] Metcalf & Eddy (2003) Wastewater engineering: treatment, disposal, reuse. McGrawHill, 4th edition.
[3] Freeman H.M. (1998). Standard handbook of hazardous waste treatment and disposal.
McGraw-Hill, 2nd edition.
Valid general information can also be found in:
[4] Masters G.M. & Ela H.P. (2008) Introduction to environmental engineering and science.
Prentice-Hall Engineering, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 3d edition, 625p.
[5] Kiely G. (1998). Environmental Engineering, McGraw-Hill, 1st edition, 1008p.
access to the course slides through the Dept Web page:
Password: Depoll13
Part 1. Introduction, methods, toolboxes
• brief overview of earlier course (compartments, scales,
sustainable development & resources)
• materials balance analysis: its relevance in environmental
diagnostic
• an introduction to industrial ecology: Kalundborg, DK
• main principles of green engineering (green design)
• Life-cycle-analysis (LCA / Ecobilan)
• the spinash cannery example: exposed to stringent
environmental regulations
Part 1. Introduction, methods, toolboxes
• brief overview of earlier course (compartments, scales,
sustainable development & resources)
• materials balance analysis: its relevance in environmental
diagnostic
• an introduction to industrial ecology: Kalundborg, DK
• main principles of green engineering (green design)
• Life-cycle-analysis (LCA / Ecobilan)
• the spinash cannery example: exposed to stringent
environmental regulations
Principles of green engineering
* same product, same material components, BUT:
. . making component disassembly much easier
Principles of green engineering
* same product, same material components, BUT:
. . making component disassembly much easier
. . revision of the manufacturing process
. . revision of the mode of operation
new water input
wastewater
wastewater
collected
Pretreatment
Regeneration
Diversion
of regained
water
Posttreatment
discharge
to sewer
Water management in a modern car-wash facility
discharge
to surface
water
Counter-Current Washing
Material Flow
Water Flow
Principle: The cleanest product is washed with the cleanest water and
the most contaminated product is washed with the dirtiest water.
• The system leads to huge savings in water use.
• It also allows to reduce costs in wastewater treatment implementation.
Note: in environmental engineering DILUTION is generally one of your
most worrying enemies.
Principles of green design
* same product, same material components, BUT:
. . making component disassembly much easier
. . revision of the manufacturing process
. . revision of the mode of operation
* identify material components of lesser polluting impact
*
product with identical functionality (service to customer)
but totally reimagined & redesigned
Alternative materials and formulations
Paper industry
paper inks can be reformulated so that they are easier to remove
when paper is recycled
Inks & pigments
new inks without Cadmium
Aeronautics
replace cyanide baths for metal-plating by non-cyanurated baths
Textile industry
• use UV-desinfection instead of chlorine-based biocides
• replace organic solvent by aqueous medium
• dry cleaning can be performed using supercritical CO2 as a
solvent (instead of highly-polluting perchloroethylene)
dry cleaning of textiles can be performed using supercritical CO2 as a solvent
(instead of highly-polluting perchloroethylene)
Merits: has the density and the solvant capacity of a liquid;
but has viscosity, and importantly the diffusivity, of a gas (occupies all available volume).
Critical temperature is low (31°C) -> allows thermosensitive applications
Non-inflammable, no odour, chemically inert.
Let’s now consider the entire ‘life’ of a product
Life-Cycle-Analysis (LCA / Ecobilan)
Recently appointed as Environment & Safety Officer in a company
Vegetable processing and canning
10 Tons / day net products
How could I enforce up-to-date environmental
management in the company ?
• technical aspects
. . internal to the plant
. . external
• regulatory aspects
. . emission standards
. . immission standards
.
.
.
Environmental regulations ?
The activity of my canning company corresponds to
NACE code 15.33
(not elsewhere classified)
Set of local regulations WILL be written in the local language!
Sectorial norm for vegetable-processing factories
(Walloon Region, 2003)
Pollutant
Pathogens
Temperature
pH
Settleable solids
Total suspended solids
largest size of TSS particles should be
smaller than
BOD 5 at 20°C
COD
oils & grease
detergents (anionic, cationic & nonionic)
Petrol-ether extractible hydrocarbons
if discharged to surface
water
if discharged to the public
sewer network
disinfection if necessary
30
6.5 - 9
1.5
60
45
6 - 9.5
1000
2 mm
2 mm
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
60
360
not visually observable
-
mg/l
3
-
mg/l
-
500
units
°C
ml/l
mg/l
Annual tax due for a given wastewater discharge
settled water 2hr
If
If toxins are present
If smaller than 2000 E.H.
(discharged to sewers or WWTP)