OHS IN THE WORLD
Sakine OVACILLI
OHS EXPERT
May 2010, ANKARA
CONTENT
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APPROACH
LEGISLATION-EU
STATISTICS
KEY ACTORS
– INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS
• ILO
• WHO
• EU-OSHA
– GOVERNMENTAL BODIES
• USA
• UK
• JAPAN
APPROACH
• Classical Approach: Aim is to ensure OHS
– Defines measures in details
– Based on standards
– Reactive-obeying the rules
• New Approach: Aim is to improve OHS
– Basic Health and Safety Requirements
– Standarts are voluntary
– Proactive-prevention
– Holistic
APPROACH
New Approach is a Holistic/Integrated
Approach
• OSH policy is not only a matter of laws and regulations they are essential and have to be applied at the
workplace level. But to achieve measurable
improvements of the working conditions and a reduction
of occupational accidents and diseases it is necessary to
combine them with a variety of other instruments, such
as social dialogue, good practices, awareness
raising, corporate social responsibility, economic
incentives, mainstreaming.
APPROACH
New Terms With New Approach
• Improving health and safety
• Risk assessment
• Prevention policy
• Provision of information and training for
employees
• Involving and consulting employees
• Cooperation of different employers at the
same workplace
APPROACH
RISK ASSESSMENT
A process to
• Identify the hazards,
• Assess the exposure level for hazards and
peole at risk
• Define the measures
• Implement the decided measures
• Follow up
EUROPEAN LEGISLATION
LIST OF EUROPEAN OHS LEGISLATION
• 89/391/EC The OSH Framework Directive
• Workplaces, equipment, signs, personal protective
equipment
• Exposure to chemical agents and chemical safety
• Exposure to physical hazards
• Exposure to biological agents
• Provisions on workload, ergonomical and
psychosocial risks
• Sector specific and worker related provisions
• New Approach Directives
– Conformity
– Safety of goods/products
EUROPEAN LEGISLATION
KEY POINTS OF RESPONSIBILITIES OF
EMPLOYER
• Employer is responsible to ensure OHS at
workplace
• Employer is responsible to control and follow the
system to prevent accidents and diseases.
• Employer should organise OHS services at
workplace level
• Employer can consult workplace physicians,
occupational safety experts and other experts
EUROPEAN LEGISLATION
KEY POINTS OF RISK ASSESSMENT
• RA should be repeated in the case of occupational
accident or disease, any change in working methods,
materials, equipments or at least periodically.
• Effectiveness of measures should be monitored
periodically
• RA should be documented and the results should be
followed.
• Each employees should be involved.
• Vulnarable workers including women, young, disabled
workers and long-term effects of hazards should be
considered in RA.
STATISTICS-EU
They do not tell the
whole story, but
statistics are an
essential part of any
analysis of safety and
health issues. They
reveal, for example,
the following truths:
STATISTICS-EU
• Every year 5,720 people die in the
European Union as a consequence of
work-related accidents, according to
EUROSTAT figures.
• Besides that, the International Labour
Organisation estimates that an additional
159,500 workers in the EU die every year
from occupational diseases.
STATISTICS-EU
Taking both figures into consideration, it is
estimated that
every three-and-a-half minutes
somebody in the EU
dies from work-related causes.
STATISTICS-GLOBAL
Recent Global Estimates of ILO
Each year in the world
• 358,000 fatal occupational accidents
• 337 million non-fatal occupational
accidents occurs and
• 1.95 million people die from work-related
diseases
MAIN ACTORS IN OHS
– INTERNATOINAL ORGANISATIONS
• ILO
• WHO
• EU-OSHA
– GOVERNMENTAL BODIES
• USA
• UK
• JAPAN
MAIN ACTORS IN OHS
– INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS
• ILO
• WHO
• EU-OSHA
ILO
• The International Labour Organization
(ILO) is the “tripartite” United Nations
agency
• brings together governments, employers
and workers of its member states in
common action
• to promote decent work throughout the
world
ILO
Main aims of ILO are to
• promote rights at work,
• encourage decent employment
opportunities,
• enhance social protection and
• strengthen dialogue in handling workrelated issues
ILO KEY ACTIVITIES FOR
OHS
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ILO World Day for Safety and Health at Work
In 2003, the ILO began to observe World Day stressing
the prevention of illness and accidents at work on every
28 April, capitalizing on its traditional strengths of
tripartism and social dialogue. 28 April is also a day the
world's trade union movement has long associated with
commemorating victims of occupational accidents and
disease.
The World Day for Safety and Health at Work 2010:
Emerging risks and new forms of prevention in a
changing world of work
ILO Periodicals, statistics, database, publications and
researches
ILO KEY ACTIVITIES FOR
OHS
Supporting OHS WORLD CONGRESS
XIX World Congress on Safety and Health at Work
11-15 September 2011, Istanbul, Turkey
http://www.safety2011turkey.org/
ILO KEY SOURCES FOR OHS
• ILO-CIS CENTER: International Occupational Safety and
Health Information Centre is the knowledge management
arm of ILO
• Program on Safety and Health at Work and the Environment
(SafeWork): Its goal is to ensure to the facts needed to
prevent occupational injuries and diseases.
• Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety
• Global Strategy on Occupational Safety and Health
• Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health
• ILO-OSH 2001 Guidelines on OSH management systems
• List of occupational diseases annexed to Recommendation
No. 194, 2002
WHO IS A WORL WIDE
ORGANISATION
WHO:World Health
Organisation
• WHO is the directing and coordinating
authority for health within the United
Nations system. It is responsible for
providing leadership on global health
matters, shaping the health research
agenda, setting norms and standards,
articulating evidence-based policy options,
providing technical support to countries
and monitoring and assessing health
trends.
WHO KEY ACTIVITIES
WHO KEY SOURCES
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www.who.int/en/
Experts’ health guidelines
Standards,
Support and promotion health research
Global Plan of Action on Worker’s health 2008 2017
EU-OSHA
• European Agency for Health and Safety at Work
• Set up in 1996 by the European Union
• EU-OSHA is the main EU reference point for safety
and health at work.
• Main target is to be the central provider of quality
OHS information for making Europe healthier,
safer, more competitive and more productive place
to work for every user, regardless of size of
enterprise or sector of activity.
MAIN ACTIVITIES
• Awareness-raising activity is the Healthy
Workplaces campaign, which focuses on a
different theme every two years.
– 2008-2009: Risk Assessment
– 2010-2011: Safe Maintenance
• Good Practice Examples
• Analysis of scientific research and statistics
MAIN ACTIVITIES
• Focal points networking:
Network of representatives of government,
employees and employers from EU-MS, EFTA,
Candidate, Potential Candidate Countries
– contribute to the Healthy Workplaces campaign,
– manage national websites
– nominate representatives to Expert Groups.
KEY SOURCES
• Access to Focal Point Websites
• Publications
• Good practice examples and practical
solutions
• Campaigns websites
• Statistics
• Organisation and strategies: Community Strategy
for Health and Safety at Work, 2007-2012
EU OSHA WEBSITE
MAIN ACTORS IN OHS
– GOVERNMENTAL BODIES
• USA
• UNITED KINGDOM
• JAPAN
USA - DOL
• Department of Labor: http://www.dol.gov
• The Department of Labor fosters and promotes the
welfare of the job seekers, wage earners, and retirees of
the United States by improving working conditions,
advancing their opportunities for profitable employment,
protecting their retirement and health care benefits,
helping employers find workers, strengthening free
collective bargaining, and tracking changes in
employment, prices, and other national economic
measurements.
USA-DOL
• In carrying out this mission, the Department
administers a variety of Federal labor laws
including those that guarantee workers’ rights to
safe and healthful working conditions; a
minimum hourly wage and overtime pay;
freedom from employment discrimination;
unemployment insurance; and other income
support.
USA-OHS STRATEGY
• Strategic Plan for Fiscal Years 2010-2016
Strategic Goal 1:
Reduce occupational hazards through direct
interventions
Strategic Goal 2:
Promote a safety and health culture through compliance
assistance, cooperative programs and strong leadership
Strategic Goal 3:
Maximize effectiveness and efficiency by strengthening
capabilities and infrastructure
USA-OSHA
Occupational Safety & Health Administration provide
statistics, standards, publications, guidance,
training documents, advicing about OHS
Departments:
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Directorate of Administrative Programs (DAP)
Directorate of Construction (DOC)
Directorate of Cooperative and State Programs
Directorate of Training and Education
Directorate of Enforcement Programs
Directorate for Evaluation and Analysis
Directorate of Information Technology
Directorate of Technical Support and Emergency Management
Directorate of Standards and Guidance
KEY SOURCES-OSHA
Occupational health and safety act (1970)
OSHA:http://www.osha.gov/
National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health
(NIOSH) – important research Institution
eTools
Safety and Health Topics Pages
NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Program
On-site Consultation Program compliance assistance
Record keeing and standards (sector/risk oriented)
UNITED KINGDOM-HSE
• The Health and Safety Executive (HSE)
administers the UK Focal Point, supported by
HSE Northern Ireland (HSENI), the social
partners and others.
• Mission: The prevention of death, injury and ill
health to those at work and those affected by
work activities
• Activities: Legislation, inspection, proggrammes
about OHS
UK-HSE DEPARTMENTS
• Resources Planning
Directorate
• Strategy and Intelligence
Division
• Operational Policy
Division
• Local Authority Unit
• Nuclear Safety
Directorate
• Hazardous Installations
Directorate
• Science and Technology
Group
• Field Operations
Directorate
• Chief Scientific Adviser's
Group
– Science Strategy and
Research Division
– Corporate Science Unit
– Analytical Services
Division
– Statistics Branch
– Economic Analysis Unit
– Social Science Unit
UK-POLICY AND STRATEGY
• Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974
• The legislation has at its heart a simple but
enduring principle – those who create
risks are best placed to control them.
• HSE's strategy recognises that the
changing world presents new
challenges for the health and safety
system as a whole, and sets out to
address them.
UK-OHS STRATEGY
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Priorities
The pressures to improve
Everyone has a role
Investigations and securing justice
The need for strong leadership
Building competence
Involving the workforce
Creating healthier, safer workplaces
Customising support for SMEs
Taking a wider perspective
Driving change for the better
UK-KEY SOURCES
• www.hse.gov.uk
• Strategy document: The Health and Safety of
Great Britain- Be part of the solution
• Business plan 2010/11
• Campaigns: Stress, Diseases reduction…
• Legislations
• Researchs
• Publications
• Sector and risk based classifications of
information on website
JAPAN
• Ministry of Labour, Health and
Welfare
• Japan International Center for
Occupational Safety and Health
(JICOSH)
• National Institute of Occupational
Safety and Health (JNIOSH)
JP-Ministry of Labour, Health and
Welfare
Ministry of Labour, Health and Welfare
• Main working fields on OHS
– Inspection
– Legislation and Policy Making
– Social Security
– Statistics
• Department for OHS: Industrial Safety and
Health Department
JP-JNIOSH
• National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
• independent administrative institution since 2001,
(before under the Ministry)
• Main Tasks
– Research : Safety, health, environment
Mechanical/Construction/Electrical/Psychosocial
risks,
– Promotion, Publication, Providing Information
and expertise
• http://www.jniosh.go.jp/en/
JP- JICOSH
• Japan International Center for Occupational
Safety and Health (JICOSH)
JICOSH was established to provide companies
and others with safety and health information
concerning various countries, to help contribute
Japan's experience in safety and health
technology and knowhow to the broader
international society, and to sponsor seminars to
encourage such exchanges
International cooperation
• http://www.jicosh.gr.jp/
JAPAN
• Japan Industrial Safety and Health
Association (EU-OSHA FP Member)
JISHA aims to improve the standards of
industrial safety and health by promoting
voluntary activities by employers and other
people concerned in the private sector,
thus eliminating industrial accidents and
occupational diseases and realising high
quality of life at work
JP-POLICY AND STRATEGY
• Creating an environment where people can
work with a strong motivation and a sense of
security as well as in good health
• Japanese OHS Act: Law for workers' safety and
health, 1972
• Priorities
– Small and self-employed workplaces
– New and emerging risks with taking the changing
world of economy and business rather than traditional
risks.
– Women workers due to demographic changes.
USA-UK-JAPAN
All
• have OHS act
• have information and research center
• use produced information to form strategy and
policies and safety culture
• priorities focused on prevention
by different
• approachs, methods
• governmental organisation structure
Sakine OVACILLI
sbuyukguclu@csgb.gov.tr
www.isggm.gov.tr