Export Financing: March, 2011 S T R I C T L Y P R I V A T E A N D C O N F I D E N T I A L Export-Import Bank of the United States © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. Member FDIC ■ In a recent export finance seminar, Mike Howard, Regional Director of the Ex-Im Bank, made the very important statement: Ex-Im’s programs are not designed to make bad deals look good. ■ During this most recent financial recession, there has been much attention paid to credit quality as well as compliance (OFAC, Patriot Act and Know Your Customer, for example). ■ When you’re seeking to talk with a commercial bank regarding financing to support your global trade activity, you’ll need to present a solid case. ■ A business plan and 2 to 3 years of financial statements are a start. ■ Arrange a meeting with a commercial banker at your financial institution and explain your complete scenario – not just the single transaction, but how that transaction fits into your company’s overall business and business plan. ■ Be prepared to tell your story a couple of times, because export finance will almost always involve not only your domestic banker but also the international specialist(s) at that bank who will work with the banker. S T R I C T L Y P R I V A T E A N D C O N F I D E N T I A L Access to Solutions – What is “Bankable”? © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 1 Structured Trade Solution - Export-Import Bank The Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank) is the official export credit agency of the United States. Ex-Im Bank's mission is to assist in financing the export of U.S. goods and services to international markets. The agency assists exporters by guaranteeing term financing to creditworthy international buyers, both private and public sector, for purchases of U.S. goods and services. Ex-Im Bank does not compete with private sector lenders but provides export financing products that fill gaps in trade financing. They assume credit and country risks that the private sector is unable or unwilling to accept. They also help to level the playing field for U.S. exporters by matching the financing that other governments provide to their exporters. Product suite includes working capital guarantees (pre-export financing); export credit insurance; and loan guarantees and direct loans (buyer financing). No transaction is too large or too small. On average, 85% of transactions directly benefit U.S. small businesses. With more than 70 years of experience, Ex-Im Bank has supported more than $400 billion of U.S. exports, primarily to developing markets worldwide. S T R I C T L Y P R I V A T E A N D C O N F I D E N T I A L Ex-Im Bank enables U.S. companies — large and small — to turn export opportunities into real sales that help to maintain and create U.S. jobs and contribute to a stronger national economy. © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 2 In 1982, developed the industry’s first loan guaranty program for short-term Export Working Capital Finance Provides a 90% guaranty to commercial banks who provide lines of credit secured by pre-export inventory and post-export accounts receivable Key Program known as the EXPORT WORKING CAPITAL LOAN GUARANTY PROGRAM MAIN FEATURE: Allows Export A/R into a Borrowing Base Excellent Feature: 10-25% offset to Borrowing Base for Standby LC’s issued Market advance rates on collateral = More Liquidity for the Exporter (Upwards of 65% on Inventory and 90% on export Accounts Receivable) S T R I C T L Y P R I V A T E A N D C O N F I D E N T I A L Structured Trade Solution – Export-Import Bank Export Working Capital Loan Guaranty Program 76 © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 3 Ex-Im Bank Success Story Export Working Capital Loan Guaranty Program The Robbins Company of Solon, Ohio, which designs and services tunnel boring, hydroelectric, sewer rehabilitation and irrigation machinery. In 2009, Ex-Im Bank guaranteed a $47 million working capital facility to support Robbins equipment exports for the drilling of 39 miles of sewer tunnels in Mexico City. “Ex-Im Bank’s working capital guarantees enabled us obtain large loans in minimal time to meet major contracts in India and Mexico,” said James Virost, Robbins CFO. S T R I C T L Y P R I V A T E A N D C O N F I D E N T I A L Exporter: The Robbins Company - Solon, OH (as reported on the Ex-Im website) Destination: Mexico City and India Transaction: Working Capital Guaranteed Loans Export Sales: $72 million Jobs Supported: 100 per project What are the costs that one can anticipate, as part of Ex-Im’s EWCG Program? Ex-Im application fee: $100 Ex-Im guarantee fee: 1.5% Lender interest rate, Field audit fees, Legal fees if applicable, Letter of Credit fees if applicable © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 4 Ex-Im Bank EWCG Program Benefits – Expansion Of Borrowing Base Asset Based Facility Collateral Amount WCGP Advance Collateral Advance Collateral $ 40,000 75% $ 150,000 $ 0.00 75% $ 150,000 $300,000 75% $ 450,000 $ 750,000 Raw Materials $ 200,000 20% WIP $ 200,000 0% Finished Goods $ 600,000 50% Subtotal $1,000,000 $340,000 Foreign Accounts Receivable (A/R) Open Account $ 400,000 0% L/C Backed A/R $ 600,000 75% Subtotal $1,000,000 Total Borrowing Base $ 0.00 90% $ 360,000 $420,000 90% $ 540,000 $420,000 $ 900,000 $760,000 $1,650,000 S T R I C T L Y P R I V A T E A N D C O N F I D E N T I A L Exportable Inventory © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 5 Structured Trade Finance – Protecting Your Accounts Receivable THE ONLY UNINSURED ASSET One of the most vulnerable to a loss More likely to be affected by business cycles Provides the cash flow (lifeblood) of a business S T R I C T L Y P R I V A T E A N D C O N F I D E N T I A L Represents permanent investment High cost to maintain (funded through bank borrowings and cost of delinquencies) Senior Executives Cash Land & Accounts Buildings Receivable Mach & Equip © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. Inventories 6 NEW SALES NECESSARY TO REPLACE A CREDIT LOSS $13,000 5% Gross Margin $12,000 $11,000 $10,000 10% Gross Margin $9,000 The lower the Gross Margin %, the more new sales required to recoup a credit loss. S T R I C T L Y P R I V A T E A N D SALES (‘000) C O N F I D E N T I A L $8,000 $7,000 $6,000 20% Gross Margin $5,000 $4,000 $3,000 30% Gross Margin $2,000 $1,000 $100 $200 © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. $300 $400 $500 $600 $700 $800 $900 $1,000 CREDIT LOSS (‘000) 7 Short-Term Export Credit Insurance WHAT: Commercial Risk of Default: Insolvency and Protracted Default Country/Political Risk: CEN, Debt Moratorium, Trade Embargo, License Cancellations etc. WHY: Provides coverage against the unforeseen and unexpected just like other insurances S T R I C T L Y P R I V A T E A N D C O N F I D E N T I A L Export receivables are usually the riskiest portion of the current asset portfolio yet it is the only one that is unprotected WHERE: The US Government’s Official Export Credit Agency: Ex-Im Bank (Full Faith&Credit, Largest source of U/W capacity, Not subject to re-insurance, Subject to underwriting restrictions based on budgetary, political or bilateral considerations) The Private Sector: Filling the “niches” and shortfalls in the programs of the ECA’s. Offering additional capacity and more flexible, responsive and commercially oriented insurance programs WHEN: When you want to mitigate the risk of loss and/or cap it When you want to meet or beat the competition When you want to tap new sources of financing for your company and your buyers © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 8 Ex-Im Bank Success Story – Using A/R Insurance Backed by an insurance policy from the Ex-Im Bank, small business Guntert & Zimmerman Construction Inc. (G&Z) recently exported $1.58 million in concrete paving equipment to a Czech Republic company that will use the equipment to expand its fleet of road construction machinery. G&Z was initially started in 1942 by current President & CEO’s Ronald Guntert Jr.’s father as an engineering and construction company to fulfill World War II contracts. Today the company has 150 employees and exports to a wide range of global markets including the Netherlands, Indonesia, India, the Czech Republic and Canada. Mr. Guntert remarked “Ex-Im’s support were instrumental in our being able to secure this deal… This Ex-Im Bank backed credit facility helped push the purchase in our favor." Mr. Guntert says the transaction "will be a big contribution to total revenues for the year. It will help keep our people busy. Right now our backlog is exports. If the backlog continues to grow, we will bring on more people. Currently we're looking for another engineer and some machinists." S T R I C T L Y P R I V A T E A N D C O N F I D E N T I A L Guntert & Zimmerman Const. Div., Inc. (as reported on the Ex-Im website, Nov 8, 2010) © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 9 Getting Paid – Managing Counterparty Risk S T R I C T L Y P R I V A T E A N D C O N F I D E N T I A L March, 2011 © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. Member FDIC S T R I C T L Y P R I V A T E A N D C O N F I D E N T I A L This presentation was prepared exclusively for the benefit and internal use of the J.P. Morgan client to whom it is directly addressed and delivered (including such client’s subsidiaries, the “Company”) in order to assist the Company in evaluating, on a preliminary basis, the feasibility of a possible transaction or transactions and does not carry any right of publication or disclosure, in whole or in part, to any other party. This presentation is for discussion purposes only and is incomplete without reference to, and should be viewed solely in conjunction with, the oral briefing provided by J.P. Morgan. Neither this presentation nor any of its contents may be disclosed or used for any other purpose without the prior written consent of J.P. Morgan. The information in this presentation is based upon any management forecasts supplied to us and reflects prevailing conditions and our views as of this date, all of which are accordingly subject to change. J.P. Morgan’s opinions and estimates constitute J.P. Morgan’s judgment and should be regarded as indicative, preliminary and for illustrative purposes only. In preparing this presentation, we have relied upon and assumed, without independent verification, the accuracy and completeness of all information available from public sources or which was provided to us by or on behalf of the Company or which was otherwise reviewed by us. In addition, our analyses are not and do not purport to be appraisals of the assets, stock, or business of the Company or any other entity. J.P. Morgan makes no representations as to the actual value which may be received in connection with a transaction nor the legal, tax or accounting effects of consummating a transaction. Unless expressly contemplated hereby, the information in this presentation does not take into account the effects of a possible transaction or transactions involving an actual or potential change of control, which may have significant valuation and other effects. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Company and each of its employees, representatives or other agents may disclose to any and all persons, without limitation of any kind, the U.S. federal and state income tax treatment and the U.S. federal and state income tax structure of the transactions contemplated hereby and all materials of any kind (including opinions or other tax analyses) that are provided to the Company relating to such tax treatment and tax structure insofar as such treatment and/or structure relates to a U.S. federal or state income tax strategy provided to the Company by J.P. Morgan. J.P. Morgan’s policies prohibit employees from offering, directly or indirectly, a favorable research rating or specific price target, or offering to change a rating or price target, to a subject company as consideration or inducement for the receipt of business or for compensation. J.P. Morgan also prohibits its research analysts from being compensated for involvement in investment banking transactions except to the extent that such participation is intended to benefit investors. IRS Circular 230 Disclosure: J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. and its affiliates do not provide tax advice. Accordingly, any discussion of U.S. tax matters included herein (including any attachments) is not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, in connection with the promotion, marketing or recommendation by anyone not affiliated with J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. of any of the matters addressed herein or for the purpose of avoiding U.S. tax-related penalties. J.P. Morgan is a marketing name for investment banking businesses of J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries worldwide. Securities, syndicated loan arranging, financial advisory and other investment banking activities are performed by a combination of J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., J.P. Morgan plc, J.P. Morgan Securities Ltd. and the appropriately licensed subsidiaries of J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. in Asia-Pacific, and lending, derivatives and other commercial banking activities are performed by J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. J.P. Morgan deal team members may be employees of any of the foregoing entities. This presentation does not constitute a commitment by any J.P. Morgan entity to underwrite, subscribe for or place any securities or to extend or arrange credit or to provide any other services. © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 11 S T R I C T L Y P R I V A T E A N D C O N F I D E N T I A L Setting the Stage Department of Commerce: January 2011 exports of $167.7 billion are up, compared to December 2010 exports of $163.3 billion. January 2011 imports of $214.1 billion are also up, compared to December 2010 imports of $203.6 billion “To help exports grow even faster, this administration through the President’s National Export Initiative is committed to assisting small- and medium-sized businesses export more of their goods and services.” Gary Locke – U.S. Commerce Secretary Five most active markets for US trade: China, Canada, Mexico, Japan, Germany Top categories for US global trade: Computer and Electronic Products, Transportation Equipment, Chemicals, Machinery, Oil & Gas Global trade has changed. The risks are larger. The rules more complex. And the rewards are greater. Keeping abreast of changing needs and demands of compliant and efficient global trade continues to be top of mind for U.S. businesses and their service providers. © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 12 Global Trade Finance Solutions Should: Integrate seamlessly with cash and liquidity processes to increase the efficiency of treasury operations Employ a broad range of settlement, risk mitigation and financing tools Recognize that individual requirements differ. Therefore in order to select the right mix of tools and solutions, demand a consultative approach from your provider(s) S T R I C T L Y P R I V A T E A N D C O N F I D E N T I A L and solutions related to the commercial transaction and flow of goods © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 13 Global Trade: Identifying the risks Political—unexpected changes (country or regional—i.e. war) Economic—economic change in specific countries, regions, or inter- regional Commercial V PA LT IEA NA C N ED RS ITS RK ISC TA LN YD PCROI M C O N F I D E N T I A L Buyer credit acceptability Information difficult to obtain Different financial standards Cultural/Business Standard Differences Language (Negotiation/Interpretation) Foreign Exchange—currency rate fluctuations © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 14 Global Trade: Identifying the risks Compliance – government regulations Special Import or Export licenses Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC) www.treas.gov/offices/enforcement/ofac Bureau of Industry & Security (BIS) www.bis.doc.gov V PA LT IEA NA C N ED RS ITS RK ISC TA LN YD PCROI M C O N F I D E N T I A L Office of Antiboycott Compliance www.bis.gov/AntiboycottCompliance/Default.htm Anti-Money Laundering Money Transfer Risk Availability of US Dollars Currency Restrictions/Licenses Time and Distance Shipping Hazards (insurance coverage) Freight Costs Customs (quotas, customs delays) © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 15 Global Trade: Facing the risks of getting paid What’s Right For You How much risk is your company willing to take? PN RA I VL A PT A E Y AM NE DN TC OA NN FD I DC ER NE TD II AT L R I S K S I SNTTREI RC NT AL TY I O How well do you know your customer? What payment terms are typical for your industry? What is your competition offering? What is the nature of the order? What is the political and economic situation in the Buyer’s country? © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 16 International Payment Methods Most Commonly Used Methods PN RA I VL A PT A E Y AM NE DN TC OA NN FD I DC ER NE TD II AT L R I S K S I SNTTREI RC NT AL TY I O Most Protection CASH IN ADVANCE LETTER OF CREDIT DOCUMENTARY COLLECTION OPEN ACCOUNT Least Protection © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 17 International Payment Methods: Cash in advance Pays PN RA I VL A PT A E Y AM NE DN TC OA NN FD I DC ER NE TD II AT L R I S K S I SNTTREI RC NT AL TY I O BUYER SELLER Documents Goods Goods BUYER orders and pays for goods before shipment is made SELLER begins to manufacture or ships goods upon receipt of funds © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 18 International Payment Methods: Cash in advance Cash in Advance Characteristics BUYER and SELLER typically know each other very well, and/or shipment and the cost of goods is small PN RA I VL A PT A E Y AM NE DN TC OA NN FD I DC ER NE TD II AT L R I S K S I SNTTREI RC NT AL TY I O BUYER is not protected and may not be willing to pay up front A SELLER’s preference © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 19 International Payment Methods: Open account PN RA I VL A PT A E Y AM NE DN TC OA NN FD I DC ER NE TD II AT L R I S K S I SNTTREI RC NT AL TY I O Goods BUYER SELLER Documents SELLER ships goods and sends documents (Invoice and Bill of Lading) to BUYER BUYER pays for goods upon their receipt © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 20 International Payment Methods: Open account Open Account Characteristics SELLER knows BUYER well and has little concern about BUYER’s ability to pay PN RA I VL A PT A E Y AM NE DN TC OA NN FD I DC ER NE TD II AT L R I S K S I SNTTREI RC NT AL TY I O Typically, these are periodic shipments of the same goods and often the same quantity Least secure method for SELLER © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 21 International Payment Methods: Documentary collections with payment at sight (goods delivered against payment) 4 BUYER’s Bank PN RA I VL A PT A E Y AM NE DN TC OA NN FD I DC ER NE TD II AT L R I S K S I SNTTREI RC NT AL TY I O BUYER 2 3 Documents SELLER’s Bank Documents SELLER Documents 5 Port Goods 1 SELLER makes shipment (1) and sends shipping documents to its Bank (2), who sends them on to BUYER’s Bank (3) BUYER’s Bank advises BUYER that documents have arrived (4) and will be released against whatever payment terms are in the Collection Letter (5) © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 22 International Payment Methods: Documentary collections with payment over time (goods delivered against acceptance) Documents BUYER’s Bank PN RA I VL A PT A E Y AM NE DN TC OA NN FD I DC ER NE TD II AT L R I S K S I SNTTREI RC NT AL TY I O BUYER SELLER’s Bank Documents Goods Port SELLER BUYER makes payment or accepts draft and BUYER’s Bank releases the documents to BUYER BUYER takes documents to port/airport and picks up goods BUYER’s Bank pays SELLER’s Bank or advises of acceptance. SELLER’s Bank pays SELLER or advises of acceptance © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 23 International Payment Methods: Letters of credit Advice Letter Letter of Credit PN RA I VL A PT A E Y AM NE DN TC OA NN FD I DC ER NE TD II AT L R I S K S I SNTTREI RC NT AL TY I O BUYER’s Bank Advising Bank Letter of Credit Application Documents BUYER Goods SELLER A Letter of Credit replaces risk of BUYER with risk of Issuing Bank It assures the SELLER that he will be paid provided that documents presented comply with its terms and conditions A Confirmed Letter of Credit is the undertaking of two Banks; the Issuing Bank and the Confirming Bank. Both are equally liable to pay the beneficiary © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 24 International Payment Methods: Letters of credit Letter of Credit (LC) Characteristics Offers the most protection to the SELLER Three independent “agreements” underline letters of credit PN RA I VL A PT A E Y AM NE DN TC OA NN FD I DC ER NE TD II AT L R I S K S I SNTTREI RC NT AL TY I O between BUYER and SELLER (their contract) between Applicant and Issuing Bank (application and reimbursement agreement) between Issuing Bank and Beneficiary (the LC) Banks deal in documents only. BUYER’s recourse for problems with goods is to the contract with the SELLER. Commercial dispute Documents presented under an LC must comply with its terms and conditions, otherwise there is no obligation to honor © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 25 International Payment Methods: Letters of credit Sight Payment effected when documents are presented which are in compliance with the terms and conditions of the credit Payment may or may not occur immediately if payable in a foreign country LC terms may contain special provisions about timing PS AT YR MI CE T N LT Y T PE RR IMVSA T E A N D C O N F I D E N T I A L if payable in the US © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 26 International Payment Methods: Letters of credit Timeline for sight letter of credit Timeline for Sight Letter of Credit Advising/ Presenting Bank Buyer/Issuing Bank Reimb. Bank PS AT YR MI CE T N LT Y T PE RR IMVSA T E A N D 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. ? 3 ? 4 en t ? Pa ym en t rs em 6 ei m bu ? 5 R in at io n oc u D oo ds G of fg M LC Ad v is in g an ce Is su ? 2 Ex am ? 1 Pr ep ar e C O N F I D E N T I A L Days LC C on tr ac t m en ts Seller ? 7 ? 8 Buyer/Seller Negotiate Contract and LC Terms Buyer applies for LC; issued by buyer's bank US bank receives LC, processes, and transmits to seller Seller produces or secures goods; arranges shipment Seller presents LC documents to the bank Bank examines documents Bank claims reimbursement; reimbursing bank remits funds Funds are paid to exporter © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 27 Documentary Letter of Credit – Fees Illustrated Export Letter of Credit - Bank Fee Estimator Assumption - $300,000 LC from UAE, payable 90 days OBL, expiry 90 days from date of issuance, one shipment Advising: $125 Amendment: $75 (only applies if L/C is amended after issuance) Discrepancies: $75 (only applies if your documents contain discrepancies) Domestic Courier: $20 (to send initial L/C Advise to you International Courier: $50 (To send documents to Issuing Bank, overseas) Estimated USA Bank Fees - No Confirmation, No Amendment: $570 S T R I C T L Y P R I V A T E A N D C O N F I D E N T I A L Document exam/payment: $300 (.10% flat, min $175) © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 28 Documentary Letter of Credit – Fees Illustrated Confirmation: $1,050 By arrangement. Illustrative rate is .35% flat for each 90 day period. Acceptance: $750 By arrangement. Illustrative rate is 1% per annum. Assumed 90 days OBL. Estimated Fees - With Confirmation, No Amendment: $2,370 NOTE: Confirmation, Acceptance and Discount Fees quoted are for illustration only. All are indicative rates which would be based upon current assumptions and underwriting and are subject to change Summary: If you accept an LC payable at 90 days OBL, have that LC confirmed, and also discount the Acceptance, the total fees will be $3403, (1.13% of the face value of the sale). Some possible options to deal with the fees might be: retain fees for your account and be satisfied with netting $297m after bank fees; gross up your price to the buyer to be $303m; require that the LC state all confirmation, acceptance and discounting commissions for the account of the buyer, leaving you to only pay $570. S T R I C T L Y P R I V A T E A N D C O N F I D E N T I A L Discount $1,033 By arrangement. Illustrative rate is 90 Day LIBOR .30 + 1.25%. Assume discount 10 days after acceptance, thus 80 days. © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 29 Global Trade Finance – Tools and Solutions Classic Trade Solutions Structured Trade Solutions Imports Receivable and payable financing Letters of credit (LC) Documentary collections Exports Letters of credit Standby letters of credit (SBLC) Bank guarantees trade: Ex-Im Bank in the USA Pre-import/export financing structures Private credit insurance and political risk insurance (PRI) Financing sales of capital equipment with terms greater than one year Issuance of standby letters of credit to support bid, performance and payment bonds Specialized Trade Solutions Financing of export-related accounts receivable and inventory Supply chain finance Purchase order management (open account) S T R I C T L Y P R I V A T E A N D C O N F I D E N T I A L Documentary collections Export Credit Agency (ECA) backed structured © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 30 Summary – Global Trade Finance ■ Arranging financing: for you, your suppliers, your customers ■ Navigating regulations: U.S. and foreign ■ Managing counterparty risk: suppliers and customers ■ Controlling and optimizing cash: reducing DSO and extending DPO ■ Accessing expertise: local market knowledge, best practices Contact A N D C O N F I D E N T I A L Key Challenges P R I V A T E Martha I Gabrielse, Vice President - Global Trade JP Morgan Chase Bank, NA S T R I C T L Y 616-771-7410 martha.i.gabrielse@jpmchase.com © 2010 J.P.Morgan Chase and Co. All rights reserved. 31