Knowledge, Skills & Attitudes
needed to practice as
Engineers Professionally
Speaker:
Dr Sam Man Keong (岑文强)
Singapore Institute of Engineering Technologists (SIET)
Website: www.siet.org.sg
Email: sammk1951@gmail.com
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Highlights
• About the Speaker – Dr Sam Man Keong
• What is Knowledge (知识)?
• What is Skills (技能)?
• What is Attitude (态度)?
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What is Competence (能力) ?
Professional Registration: Why?
UK-SPEC: CEng standard
What is a Professional Review?
Questions & Answers
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About the Invited Guest Speaker :
Dr Sam Man Keong, Hon Secretary (SIET)
• BE(Civil)(Hons),
MSc(Civil), MSc(GeotEng),
EdD.
• CEng, FIET, MICE,
MIMMM, MCIHT,
MCIOB, FSPE, PEng(UK),
FBEng, CEnv, FCQI, CQP,
CMath, MIMA, CSci,
FSIET(F), Asean Engineer.
• HP: (65) 96740515
• Email:
sammk1951@gmail.com
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Knowledge + Skills + Attitudes
Professional Competence
(专业能力)
Performance
= Potential –
Interference/Interruption
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What is Knowledge (知识) ?
• According to Webster's
Dictionary, knowledge
is "the fact or
condition of knowing
something with
familiarity gained
through experience or
association".
• Criteria : it must
be justified, true,
and believed.
Personification of knowledge
(Greek Επιστημη, Episteme)
inCelsus Library in Ephesus,
Turkey.
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Sir Francis Bacon,
"Knowledge is Power"
(1597)
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What is Skills (技能)?
• A skill is the learned ability to carry out
pre-determined results often with the
minimum outlay of time, energy, or both.
• domain-general skills: time
management, teamwork and leadership.
• domain-specific skills (Hard Skills):
useful only for a certain job.
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Basic Skills : Labor Skills
• Labor skills :
masons, carpenters, blacksmiths, bakers, bre
wers, etc.
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Hot metal work from a blacksmith
Canadian blacksmith in the 1970s
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Basic Skills : Life Skills
• Problem solving behaviors used
appropriately and responsibly in the
management of personal affairs.
• E.g. career planning,…… daily living,
home life, housing and money
management,……. pregnancy and
parenting.
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Basic Skills : People & Social
• People skills (人际交往能力): “the ability
to communicate effectively with people in
a friendly way, especially in business”.
• Social skills (社交技巧) : any skill
facilitating interaction and communication
with others.
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Basic Skills : Soft Skills
• A sociological term relating to a person's "EQ"
(Emotional Intelligence Quotient), the cluster of
personality traits, social graces,
communication, language, personal habits,
friendliness, and optimism that characterize
relationships with other people.
• Soft skills complement hard skills (part of a
person's IQ), which are the occupational
requirements of a job and many other activities.
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Basic Skills : Soft Skills
• Soft skills are personal attributes that enhance
an individual's interactions, job performance and
career prospects.
• Unlike hard skills, which are about a person's
skill set and ability to perform a certain type of
task or activity, soft skills relate to a person's
ability to interact effectively with coworkers
and customers and are broadly applicable both
in and outside the workplace.
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What is Attitude (态度)?
• An attitude is the psychological response to
people, society, objects, events, occurrences
and circumstances; to life itself.
• People react differently when confronted with
different situations.
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attitude types
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Optimism
Pessimism
Confident
Interested
Independent
Jealous
Courteous
Cooperative
Considerate
Inferior
Happy
Frank
Respectful
Authoritative
Sincere
Persistent
Honest
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Sympathetic
Realistic Faithful
Flexible
Decisive
Trusting
Thoughtful
Determined
Loving
Hostile
Modest
Reliable
Tolerant
Humble
Cautious
Sarcastic
Helping
Hard Working
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what we think, what we do,
and what we feel
is
what forms
our attitude.
While sometimes knowledge and experience
form our attitude, on other occasions it is
based on our assumptions and beliefs.
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Performance
= Ability x Attitude
Ability = Knowledge + Skills
Attitude = Professional Conduct
(专业操守 )
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What is Competence ?
• Professional competence (专业能力)
integrates knowledge, understanding,
skills and values.
• It goes beyond the ability to perform
specific tasks.
• Chartered Engineers must be competent
throughout their working life, by virtue of
their education, training and experience.
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Pathway to become a CEng, MICE
Step 1 – Knowledge Base : An accredited MEng (in
UK) or its equivalent.
Step 2 – Initial Professional Development (IPD)
Step 3 – Professional Review (CPR)
CEng, MICE
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Professional Registration: Why?
• General:
– 1. Maintain their competence.
– 2. Work within professional codes.
– 3. Participate actively within the profession.
• Specific
– Health, Safety & Environment
– Singapore : Professional Engineers Act.
[Website : http://app.peb.gov.sg/ ]
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Pathways to become Professional
Engineer in Singapore
Approved Qualifications,
e.g. BEng from NUS/NTU
PEB – PE Exam
PEB – FE Exam
. Report on
Postgraduate
Engineering Experience
Experience
. Professional
Interview (PI)
. Summary of
Postgraduate
Professional Experience
Professional
Engineer (PE)
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UK-SPEC: CEng
• Chartered Engineers are characterized by their
ability to develop appropriate solutions to
engineering problems, using new or existing
technologies through innovation, creativity and
change.
• UK-SPEC : UK Standard for Professional
Engineering Competence
– SARTOR : 1984
– Amended and updated : 1990; 1997
– Website:
http://www.engc.org.uk/ecukdocuments/internet/docu
ment%20library/UK-SPEC.pdf
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UK-SPEC : CEng Standard
• Five Main Elements:
– A – Engineering Knowledge & Understanding
(A1; A2)
– B – Engineering Applications (B1; B2; B3)
– C – Management & Leadership (C1; C2; C3;
C4)
– D – Interpersonal Skills (D1; D2; D3)
– E – Obligations to the Society, the Profession
& the Environment (E1; E2; E3; E4)
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A – Engineering Knowledge &
Understanding
• A1 - Maintain and extend a sound theoretical
•
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approach in enabling the introduction
and exploitation of new and advancing
technology and other relevant
developments.
• A2 - Engage in the creative and innovative
• development of engineering technology
• and continuous improvement systems.
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B – Engineering Applications
• B1 - Identify potential projects and opportunities.
• B2 - Conduct appropriate research, and undertake
design and development of engineering solutions.
• B3 - Implement design solutions, and evaluate
• their effectiveness.
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C – Management & Leadership
(领导技能)
• C1 – Project Implementation.
• C2 – Management Functions: Plan, budget,
organise, direct and control tasks, people and resources.
• C3 – HRM : Lead teams and develop staff to meet
changing technical and managerial needs.
• C4 – Quality Management
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D – Interpersonal Skills
(人际技巧)
• D1 – Written Communication (Reports;
Minutes; Letters)
• D2 – Oral Communication (Presentation)
• D3 – Personal and Social Skills
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E – Obligations to the Society, the
Profession & the Environment
• E1 – Codes of Conduct/Professional
Conduct (专业操守)
• E2 – Safety
• E3 – Sustainable Development
• E4 - CPD
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What is a Professional Review?.
[Website : http://www.ice.org.uk/professionalreview ]
• The Professional Review is made up of
the following steps [ICE, UK]:
– Production and submission of reports
– An interview, where you will be required to
demonstrate how you have satisfied the
specific attributes relevant to the grade you
are applying for
– A written exercise (with the exception of the
Technician Professional Review)
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ICE's headquarters at One Great
George Street , UK
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Rules - ICE
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Books for further reading
1989
1984
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Books for further reading - 2011
[by H. Macdonald Steels, ICE Publishing]
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Books for basic reading
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Logbook - PI Essays
[Source : IEM – Bulletin – August]
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