Military Mission
Paper Presentation
Summary
Session Chair: LtCol Jon MacCartney, USMC
U.S. Naval Safety Center
1
Military Airworthiness – Acceptable
Level of Safety
By Bob Wojcik; General Dynamics Canada
•No Show
•Intent: ID shortfall in Military airworthiness
standards.
•Failed to point out NavAir’s Airworthiness authority and
standards
•Recommendation:
•Closer cooperation/liaison between civil and military
airworthiness authorities.
2
Developing a New System Safety
Standard for US Army Aviation
By David West; Science Applications Int’l Corp
•Intent: ID needed improvements in US Army
System Safety
•Focused on one standardized system safety program
•Benefit to Civil R/W 80% mishap reduction:
•Standardized system provides improved workforce
effectiveness and efficiency
•Decreased Operating costs
•Increased ability to share data, i.e. Hazard data
3
Crashworthy Design of Military Aircraft
By Dr. Akif Bolukbasi; Boeing Company
•Intent: ID crashworthy design criteria and its
basis
•Benefit to Civil R/W 80% mishap reduction:
•Provided guidelines to achieve the desired level of
crashworthiness in a cost and weight effective manner.
•Airframe protective shell to maintain livable volume
•Adequate tie-down strength for occupants, cargo, and other heavy mass items
•Non-injurious occupant acceleration environment
•De-lethalized interior to eliminate occupant secondary strike hazards
•Elimination or delay of post-crash fire
•Adequate emergency escape and rescue provisions
4
Brownout Situational Awareness Upgrade
Development & Integration: CH47D/UH60A/L
By Maj Charles Walls, USA; Aviation Applied Technology Directorate
•Intent: Provide info on US Army BSAU system
•Benefit to Civil R/W 80% mishap reduction:
•Technology tested/proven
•Usable in civilian aircraft with minimal testing/integration
•System provides cockpit reference information to allow
landing in a brownout, whiteout, or salt spray environment
•Note: One size does not fit all
5
The Use of Manned Flight Simulation and an Active
Quiescent Ship Motion Monitor Better Define
Shipboard Helicopter Deck Safety Limits
By Dr. Bernard Ferrier; Anteon Corp
LCDR G. Ouellete; USN
•Intent: Provide info how system was designed and intent for
use to minimize landing when ship pitch, roll, wind, etc are out
of limits
•Benefit to Civil R/W 80% mishap reduction:
•Can be adapted to any ship/aircraft
•Can be adapted to offshore platforms
•Decreases hazard of landing on a pitching/rolling deck
•Allows for less wear and tear on aircraft
6
Enhancing Aircraft Survivability through
Implementation of Lightweight On-board Inert Gas
Generating Systems
By Robert Demidowicz; Carleton Life Support Systems, Inc.
•Intent: Provide info system design, capability,
and integration
•Prevents air in fuel cell from exploding when exposed to
penetrating ordnance
•Benefit to Civil R/W 80% mishap reduction:
•Removes fuel vapor therefore increases survivability
•May be required in the future by regulatory agencies (FAA)
7
Integrated Mechanical Diagnostic Systems (IMDS)
Contribution to Helicopter Safety Improvement
By Col Paul Croisetiere, USMC; USN’s Program Manager: H53 (Naval Air
Systems Command)
•Intent: Provide info on how IMDS is utilized on H53 to
improve safety and reliability and decrease maintenance time and
risk
•Benefit to Civil R/W 80% mishap reduction:
•Technology tested/proven
•Usable in civilian aircraft with minimal testing/integration
•Lessons learned can be shared with civilian market
•Process for developing exceedance limits
•Ground station hardward and software development
8
Rotor Blade Erosion Phenomenology
By Robert Lee; Military Systems Tech, UCSB
•Intent: Develop a scanner that will determine rotor
blade life remaining based on detected defects from
particulate erosion
•Benefit to Civil R/W 80% mishap reduction:
•Still in the software development stage with a long way to go
•Looking for additional funding
•Goal is to increase life cycle of rotor blades decrease maintenance
costs/time
9
Integrated Vehicle Health Management in
Network Centric Operations
By Piet (Pete) Ephraim; Smiths Aerospace
•Intent: Provide info on how system builds the Situational
Awareness of those involved in managing a multifaceted mission
•Common Computing Platform that uses a single computing
resource to run multiple applications from multiple sources
•Benefit to Civil R/W 80% mishap reduction:
•Increase mission readiness, effectiveness, and sortie rate
•Reduced down time
•Improved safety
•Decreased sustainment and logistics footprint
10
UAV Failure Rate Criteria for Equivalent
Level of Safety
By David King; Bell Helicopter Textron
•Intent: Discuss UAV reliability in the civilian
environment in order to prevent civilian ground
casualties from a potential mishap
•Benefit to Civil R/W 80% mishap reduction:
•Method of analysis may be applicable to civilian rotorcraft
11
Input and Wrap-Up by Military
Session Chair
12
•Personnel in session agreed the
following items are a must to reduce the
mishaps in the civilian rotary wing
industry:
•Agreed upon goal: 80% reduction of
what? Mishaps, accidents, incidents?
•Need a common international hazard
reporting data base and hazard tracking
system
13
What has the US Naval
Service done to help reduce
Mishaps?
•SecNav
•CNO
•CMC
14
SecNav’s Top Priority: Intrusive Leadership
•Policy:
•Leadership Commitment to Educating
Fleet on supporting SAFETY in DON
•Risk Management is number 1 priority
•SAFETY CULTURE reflects the collective
behavior of each member of that unit
15
What has CNO done to help reduce
USN/USMC R/W mishaps?
•Naval Aviation Maintenance Program
(NAMP)
•Owned by the Fleet with Technical input from NavAir
Engineers/Logisticians
•Maintenance Instruction Manuals (MIMs)
•Owned by the Fleet with Technical input from NavAir
Engineers/Logisticians
•Naval Air Training & Operating
Standardization (NATOPS) Program
•NATOPS Manual for each T/M/S
•Reviewed every 2 years by the Fleet users
•All Aircrew receive an annual NATOPS Check Ride.
•Standardized NATOPS Instructors by FRS (Training Squadron)
•Navy Squadron’s have HHQ Unit NATOPS eval annually
16
What has CNO done to help reduce
USN/USMC R/W mishaps?
•Operational Risk Management (ORM)
•Initial and Annual training required
•Required for each Unit scheduled event
•Involves “Deliberate” and “On the Fly” planning
•“LOOP” process that involves:
•ID Hazards
•Assess the Hazards
•Make Risk Decisions
•Implement Controls
•Supervise (includes Lessons Learned data base)
•ORM Principles
•Accept Risk when Benefits outweigh the Cost
•Make Risk Decisions at the right level
•Accept no Unnecessary Risk
•Anticipate and Manage Risk by Planning
•Risk Assessment Worksheets
•By T/M/S
•Completed for each flight
•Assigns a Risk Assessment Code using a standard Matrix
17
What has CNO done to help reduce
USN/USMC R/W mishaps?
•Crew Resource Management (CRM)
•Formally ACT
•Originally based on Airline model
•All Aircrew require a CRM annual check ride
•CRM chapter required in NATOPS for each T/M/S
•Stood up NSOC (Navy’s Special Operations Command)
•Standardized specialized training (NVGs)
•Night Vision Goggles
•Standardized throughout USN Fleet
•Most Aircraft are NVG compatible
•Moving away from night unaided ship board ops
•One of Top Priorities for Funding
•Naval Air Systems Command
•Technical and Logistics conscious for the Fleet
18
What has CNO done to help reduce
USN/USMC R/W mishaps?
•Web Enabled Safety System (WESS)
•Simplified Hazard Reporting System
•Hazard Reports
•ID hazards to the Fleet
•Intent is to make Fleet aware
•Prevent mishap
•Requires Chain of Command
Endorsement
•Means acceptance/rejection
•Problem addressed by system to ID and
implement fix
19
What has CNO done to help reduce
USN/USMC R/W mishaps?
•Mishap investigations
•Unit Aircraft Mishap Board Stood up after all mishaps
•NavSafCen sends investigator for all Class A
•NavSafCen owns the wreckage
•Safety Privileged concept used to gather info to prevent
future mishaps
•Safety Privileged info cannot be used against
individuals and cannot be shared out of the safety
chain
•Heavily utilize the NavAir’s engineering capability to
investigate mishap aircraft components
•Publish Safety Investigation Report (SIR)
•REQUIRES CHAIN OF COMMAND ENDORSEMENT
20
What has CNO done to help reduce
USN/USMC R/W mishaps?
•Safety Survey
•Required every two years
•White hat when done conducted by Naval Safety Center
•Can be conducted by sister squadron or in house
•1 Day look at Ops/NATOPS/Maintenance Programs
•Findings shared only with Squadron
•Free look for Squadron to make improvement
•Tool for Commander
•Culture Work Shop
•2.5 days, uses a Facilitator to:
•Help identify a unit’s Command Culture
•Conduct Workshops by rank
•Allows Unit personnel to identify their own Culture
•Tool for Commander
21
What has CNO done to help reduce
USN/USMC R/W mishaps?
•Stood up MCAS/CSA survey capability
•Maintenance Climate Assessment Survey
•Command Safety Assessment
•Surveys filled out by squadron personnel
•Gives the command a snap shot of the squadron
•Culture
•Maintenance
•Flying
•Safety
•Stays with in the squadron
•Tool for Commander
22
NSC Aviation Safety Programs
•What do we do for the Fleet?
•Look for TRENDS
•Screen (track and analyze) Fleet Naval Message Traffic
•Provide Mishap Intervention Strategies
•Provide Safety Information to the Fleet
•Data Retrieval and Analysis
•As Consultants at Fleet Conferences (NATOPS, SSWG, OAG)
•Conduct Class A Mishap Analysis/Close Out
•Support Safety Standdowns
•Create NSC Multi-media Presentations
•Provide NSC Safety Surveys (White hat
Audits of Units’ Ops & Training, Standardization, Aeromedical,
and Maintenance Programs)
•Provide Culture Workshops
23
What has CMC done to help reduce
USMC R/W mishaps?
•Stood Up Marine Aviation Weapons and Tactics
Squadron –1 (MAWTS-1)
•Tactical Gurus for each T/M/S
•Make Unit Night Systems Instructors
•Make Unit Weapons and Tactics Instructors
•Conduct Desert Talon training for OEF/OIF units
•Stood Up Combined Arms Training (CAX)
•Allows all elements of the MAGTF to training in
the desert environment with live ordnance
•Prepares units for deployments
24
What has CMC done to help reduce
USMC R/W mishaps?
•Marine Corps Combat Readiness Evaluation System
(MCCRES)
•Ensures Marine Expeditionary Units are trained and
ready for deployment
•Training and Readiness (T&R) Manuals
•Each T/M/S
•Standardized
•Outlines all required training for each T/M/S
•Copilots
•Aircraft Commander
•Section Leader
•Etc….
25
What has CMC done to help reduce
USMC R/W mishaps?
•Aviation Training System (just stood up)
•Standardized Instructor Base for Check Rides:
•NATOPS/Instrument/Upper level instructors
•Simulators
•Located at each USMC Aviation Base
•Authorized USMC R/W aircraft to only conduct
night shipboard landings while using NVGs
•Requires one of the following to be conducted every 6
months to ensure programs and culture stay in the
command’s focus
•MCAS/CSA
•Safety Survey by NSC
•Safety Survey by sister unit
•Culture Workshop
26
Naval Aviation Mishap Trend
USN and USMC, FY50-05
776 aircraft
destroyed in
1954
60
32 aircraft
destroyed in
2002
28 aircraft
destroyed and
19 fatalities in
2004
8 aircraft
destroyed and
31 fatalities (1 mishap) in
2005
Angled decks
Aviation Safety Center
Naval Aviation Maintenance Program
(NAMP), 1959
RAG concept initiated
NATOPS Program, 1961
Squadron Safety program
System Safety
Designated Aircraft
ACT (CRM)
ORM
50
40
30
20
10
0
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Fiscal Year
85
90
95
00
'05
27
Summary
• USN/USMC focused on four areas
to reduce aviation mishaps in the
Department of the Navy:
– Leadership Commitment
– Training
– Equipment
– Culture
28
Summary Continued
• HAI’s Rotor Magazine (Spring ’05)
– Article by Dick Wright
• “Searching for the Silver Bullet for Safety in
Helicopter Air Medical Service Operations”
– Article Noted that HEMS needed to focus on:
• Leadership
• Training
• Equipment
• Culture
29
Summary Continued
• USN/USMC and the civilian rotorcraft industry
have the similar issues to deal with in attempting
to reduce aviation mishaps
• Industry and the Department of the Navy should
work together to share information to help both
entities reduce rotary wing aviation mishaps
– Requires CNO, CNSC, and CNASC
commitment
• CNASC via PEO/A has committed to
supporting the mishap reduction goal
30