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OGC Standards and
3d Geospatial Data Integration
(AKA Fusion)
Carl Reed, PhD
CTO
Open Geospatial Consortium
July 24, 2010
© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
What is the OGC?
• A non-profit, international voluntary consensus standards
organization that is leading the development of standards
for geospatial and location based services.
• 27 Adopted standards
• Facilitates a consensus process in which Members from
over 395 organizations collaborate to define and maintain
OGC standards.
OGC
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© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
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The OpenGIS® Vision
Achieve the full societal, economic and
scientific benefits of integrating location
resources into commercial and institutional
processes worldwide
2010 - Live Geography – Interoperable
Sensor Webs Enabling Portability in
Monitoring Applications - Interpolation
of Temperature Values for the
Detection of Urban Heat Islands
OGC
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The OGC Mission
• To serve as a global forum for the development,
promotion and harmonization of open and
freely available geospatial standards …
Urban Model of Berlin based on OGC CityGML
Source: www.3d-stadtmodell-berlin.de
OGC
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Active Domain Working Groups (June-21-10)
An interest or focus in 3D content modeling, sharing, and integration/fusion
OGC
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OGC –
Collaborations with other standards
development organizations
© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
OGC Alliance Partnerships
– Primary Alliances for standards coordination
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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS)
National Emergency Number Association (NENA)
Web3D
International Organization for Standards (ISO)
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS)
IEEE Technical Committee 9 (Sensor Web)
Open Grid Forum (OGF)
buildingSMART Alliance
– Secondary alliances for standards harmonization and coordination
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Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association (GSDI)
Workflow Alliance
Digital Geospatial Information Working Group (DGIWG)
Open Mobile Alliance (OMA)
IEEE GRSS
Taxonomic Data Working Group (TDWG)
– Others
OGC
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OGC-Web3D MoU
• Develop and coordinate the production of appropriate joint
outreach and marketing materials
• Develop and publicly publish exemplar hybrid content,
which demonstrates the practical feasibility and effective
value of using Web3D and OGC standards in concert
• Keep OGC and Web3D working groups informed about ongoing technical progress and standards development
strategies, in order to maximize interoperability and
comparability between technology sets
OGC
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© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
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OGC Standards related to 3d
© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
OGC Geography Markup Language (GML)
• XML-based language for encoding geographic
information to be stored and transported over the Internet
• GML serves as a modeling language for geographic
systems as well as an open interchange format for
geographic transactions on the Internet.
• GML defines both the 2d and 3d geometry and properties
of objects that comprise geographic information.
• Used – often based on policy - in UK, US, Germany,
Canada, New Zealand, Holland, Hong Kong, Google
OGC
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Geometry in GML
OGC
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Copyright (c) 2009 Opengeospatial Consortium
KML Encoding Standard
• XML for geographic
visualization on 2-D &
3-D Earth browsers
• Features for display:
placemarks, images,
polygons, 3D models,
text, etc.
• KML is not a geospatial
modeling language;
consider GML
OGC
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CityGML
• Application independent Geospatial Information Model for
virtual 3D city and landscape models
– comprises different thematic areas(buildings, vegetation, water,
terrain, traffic etc.)
– data model(UML)acording to ISO 191xxstandard family
– exchange format results from rule-based mapping of the UML
diagrams to a GML3 application schema
– ongoing standardisation process in OGC
• CityGML represents
– 3D geometry, 3D topology, semantics and appearance
– In 5 discrete scales (Levels of Detail, LOD)
OGC
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© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
CityGML : 5 levels of details
LOD 0 – Regional, landscape model
2.5D Digital terrain model, 3D landmarks
LOD 1 – City / Site model
Prismatic buildings without roof structures
LOD 2 – City / Site model
Simple buildings with detailed roof structures
LOD 3 – City / Site model
Detailed architectural models, landmarks
LOD 4 – Interior Model
“Walkable” architectural models
 The same object may be represented in different LODs
simultaneously
OGC
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Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
Candidate Standard Web Viewing Service
• A high level portrayal service for three-dimensional geodata
• Thin to thick clients
• WVS 3D browser plugins are available for X3D via W3DS
http://www.webviewservice.org/
OGC
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© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
Candidate Standard: Web 3D Service
• A Web 3D Service (W3DS) is a portrayal service for threedimensional geodata, such as landscape models, city models,
textured building models, vegetation objects, and street furniture.
• 3D browser plugins are available for X3D via W3DS
OGC
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W3DS delivered scene
for mobile clients
© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
Possible integration points
• WVS can be integrated with other OGC services
• W3DS client is a medium client, which generally supports real-time
navigation and interaction in the 3D scene.
OGC
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Content Fusion – 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d: The
OGC View
© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
Hot 3d Application
• Keep this application space in the back of your mind during
the rest of my presentation!
OGC
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© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
AR is about
• Content Fusion and Visualization
OGC
Georgia Tech Augmented Environment Labs
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© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
Scope of Fusion
• “Process of combining data and information to improve
detection, identification, and characterization of entities”
• Categories of Fusion
– Sensor Fusion
– Object/Feature Fusion
– Decision Fusion
• Multidimensional
• Vision: fusion environment based on open standards
OGC
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Categories of Fusion
OGC
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AMS hot pixels, MODIS hot pixels and EO-1 ALI Burn Scars
OGC
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© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
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The Urban Modeling Use Case:
CityGML
© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
Applications of virtual 3D city models
Urban planning
© IKG, Universität Bonn
Disaster management
Mobile network
planning
© T-Mobile
Training simulators
Noise pollution
mapping
© IGG, Universität Bonn
3D-(Indoor)
Navigation
© Sony Corporation
© Fa. Conterra
OGC
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© Rheinmetall Defence Electronics
Claus Nagel, 2009
© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
Query your virtual 3D city model
Urban planning
© IKG, Universität Bonn
Disaster management
Mobile network
planning
Noise pollution
mapping
From which windows in which rooms
© IGG, Universität Bonn
© T-Mobile
from which buildings do I have a
visible coverage of a certain
place,
3D-(Indoor)
Training road,
simulators
Navigation
or monument?
© Sony Corporation
© Fa. Conterra
OGC
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© Rheinmetall Defence Electronics
Claus Nagel, 2009
© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
3D city modeling…
• …is far more than the 3D visualization
of reality
– In fact, the geometry and its appearance are
only one aspect of an entity
– Key issue:
Semantic modeling
– However: 3D city models often seen as being identical with
3D graphics/geometry models of the respective region
• Google Earth (KML/COLLADA), X3D, 3D PDF, 3D Studio Max, etc.
OGC
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© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
CityGML and X3D - Examples
• Every instance is represented by a reference to the
prototype – adopted from scene graph concept
• Class X3DMaterial is adopted from the X3D
• The definition of the appearance properties is adopted from
the X3D specification
• Concept of positioning textures on surfaces complies with
X3D
OGC
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© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
Consumer /
Producer
Berlin 3D Spatial Data Infrastructure
Internet / Berlin governmental network
Google
Earth
Browser
Services
KML
3D City
Model
Editor
Geo-enabled
applications
Direct
access
CityGML intf.
X3D
CityGML
CAD System
(IFC)
CityGML
CityGML
WSS
CityGML
to KML
WCS
WFS / WFS-T
WPVS
Java
client
W3DS
Geodata
systems
SQL
Autodesk LandXPlorer
Presentation
System
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SQL
3D city model (CityGML)
DTM (CityGML)
Orthophotos
Version and history
management
3D geo database (Oracle)
OGC
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© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
CityGML 3d Content Examples
Street setting in Frankfurt with 5 textured buildings in LOD 3.
Buildings (in LOD2) and true orthophoto of a
small area around the 'Pariser Platz'
OGC
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Buildings in LOD 2 with photorealistic textures near
Max-Joseph-Platz in Munich, Germany.
© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
CityGML and AR
search for "augmented reality" citygml
• CityGML
– Application scheme of GML
– Structure for thematic modeling, semantic descriptions, appearance
storage of 3D geometries and features
– Aligned with IFCs and BIM standards
• Example: Extension of Electronic Nautical Charts for 3D interactive
Visualization via CityGML. Haase and Koch, 2010
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Very recent OGC standards work related
to 3d use cases!
© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
3d Location Services, Multi-Modal Tracking and
Navigation for emergency response
OGC
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Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All
Rights Reserved.
IndoorML
– IndoorML is a data model and exchange format for the representation of
the indoor navigation aspects
 GML3 application schema
– IndoorML provides well-defined interfaces to connect semantic models
of topographic indoor space
 Complementary to existing standards like CityGML and IFC
 Not restricted to 3D models  e.g., Open Floor Plan
– Current research
 Extension to outer space  e.g., GDF, OpenStreetMap
 Mapping of IndoorML to existing systems and vice versa
OGC
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© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
08.12.2009
Multilayered Space Model
•Partitioning of indoor space according to different space concepts
Sensor characteristics,
e.g. Wi-Fi cells
(coverage area)
Building
topography
(rooms, doors,
floors, etc)
OGC
Logical space,
e.g. security zone
(restricting access
to some rooms)
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© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
08.12.2009
Multilayered Space Model
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Primal space (3D geometry + topology)
1st Layer: Sensor space model
Layers are independent in
that they represent separate
decompositions of indoor
space according to different
semantic criteria
 Coverage area of sensors
2nd Layer: Topographic space model
 3D building topography
3rd Layer: Logical space model
Additional layers may be
added to model further
subdivisions of space, e.g.
according to the mode of
locomotion
 Spatial extent of security zone in 3D
OGC
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© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
08.12.2009
Mapping is the most imlemented mashup!
OGC
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Copyright (c) 2009 Open
Geospatial Consortium
Extending 3d fusion beyond the traditional
$$$
Bringing together “mass-market” unstructured data
with traditional geospatial data sources can greatly
enhance the value of an operational picture!
$$$
OGC
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© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.
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Thank you for your attention!
Carl Reed
CTO and Exec Dir Spec Program
creed@opengeospatial.org
+1 970 402 0284
www.opengeospatial.org
OGC
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© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.