Managing Nuclear Knowledge
and Nuclear Renaissance
Quo Vadis?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Global Energy Needs and Nuclear Power
Nuclear Power and Nuclear Knowledge
The Challenges for Knowledge Management
IAEA NKM program
Yanko Yanev IAEA
DESPERATE
ENERGY NEED
ACCELERATING
GROWTH
ONGOING
DEMAND
Energy proportions
Energy and Development
 Every significant advance in the 20th century
has been created by “modern energy”:
 Great energy milestones:
 Big oil era began in 1901
 Electricity replaced coal, gas and kerosene
generated light
 Internal combustion engine created cars
 Middle East oil created “cheap oil forever”
 Atomic energy created electricity ”too
cheap to meter”
 Piping natural gas created miracle of
energy heat
 Wind and Solar are promising an “energy
paradise” for all
The Human Development Index
HDI
█
█
█
█
over 0.95
0.90-0.949
0.85-0.899
0.80-0.849
█
█
█
█
0.75-0.799
0.70-0.749
0.65-0.699
0.60-0.649
5
█ 0.55-0.599
█ of 0.500.54
█ of 0.450.49
█ 0.40-0.449
█
█
█
█
0.35-0.399
0.30-0.349
<0.30
N/A
HDI and Electricity Use
World of
Scenarios and
Projections
World population
World energy demand
18 000
Solar
Mtoe
16 000
Hydro
14 000
Nuclear
12 000
Biomass
10 000
8 000
Gas
6 000
Coal
4 000
Oil
2 000
0
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
World energy demand expands by 45% between now and 2030 – an average rate of
increase of 1.6% per year – with coal accounting for more than a third of the overall rise
World of Climate Change Realities
W
o
r
l
d
Can Nuclear Energy
Provide a Solution to
the Energy Dilemma?
Nuclear Power
Individual countries requesting IAEA assistance
Mature Nuclear Countries & continue developing
Mature Nuclear Countries & phase out decision made
New comer Nuclear Countries & never finished to built
New comer Nuclear Countries with previous experiences
Countries which has information in Country Nuclear Power Profiles
European landscape
Demand for Nuclear
Knowledge
 With a forthcoming high growth in nuclear
industry worldwide, maintaining nuclear
competencies both in industry and nuclear
regulatory authorities will be the most
critical challenge in the near future.
 Governments and the nuclear industry have
already recognized the need to secure
qualified human resources in the nuclear
energy field.
Nuclear Knowledge
a remarkable achievement of human development
1945
1955
1965
1975
1985
1995
2005
Nuclear Power Development
Nuclear knowledge is an
asset and should be managed
efficiently
Industry
Knowledge
Asset Classes:
Physical Capital
- Equipment/Hardware
Technology Capital
Corporate and
Executive Knowledge
- IT/Process Knowledge
Human Capital
- People
Nuclear Processes / Manager
and Supervisor Knowledge
Front line / Craftsperson / Skilled Labor
Knowledge
A resource which was created by absorbing other resources,
Has its own cost .Has to be managed in an efficient and effective
manner to help to reach organizational or national goals.
16
16
The Knowledge Load for Nuclear
Power
Needed Knowledge for Nuclear power
development
Chemistry
Environment
Design,
Process
Thermohydraulics
Calculation code
Signal processing
Radiation
protection
2%
4%
2%
Instrumentation
Control and
Indus. Info.
Safety,
Fuel,
Neutron Physics
15%
10%
14%
Operations
25%
11%
11%
Electromechanical
Engineering
6%
Civil
Engineering
Metallurgy,
Structure of Materials,
Non intrusive Control
The “Knowledge challenges”
 Aging of nuclear personnel, retirement,
 Loss of valuable nuclear knowledge,
 Degradation in technology skills and know-how,
 Possible degradation in safety of current
installations?
 Dilution or loss of innovation potential?
 Status of Nuclear R&D? - Gen4,INPRO
 Education & Training, where are we heading?
20
 Developed countries are the custodians
of nuclear knowledge accumulated over
decades. There is consensus that actions need
to be taken to preserve its key parts.
 Problem: effective knowledge transfer
between generations of workers, the need to
sustain and develop sufficient human resources
to sustain the operation of existing facilities
and to prepare for a possible expansion in the
future.
21
 Developing countries face different
knowledge problems: capacity building,
access to and transfer of knowledge to the
“country of growth”.
 Knowledge and human resources need to
be build up for new nuclear power
programmes, and knowledge needs to be
sustained (and not be brain-drained).
22
Countries Review
Do we have the people with the right
knowledge and skills to achieve a
sustained growth in Nuclear power
worldwide?
USA landscape
Nuclear Engineering
Trends in Nuclear Chemistry
Programs
Source: NEDHO 2004
35
2500
30
2000
“Enrollment Metric”
25
undergrads
20
15
DOE-NE $
1500
1000
10
500
5
0
0
Number of Undergrad Students - yellow
DOE Investment
($ in Millions –red)
Trends In Graduates Enrollment and
Federal Investment – 1990-2008
The needs of the French
nuclear program
Per year  2011
Per year after 2011
Total
Engineers
& PhD
Total
Engineers
& PhD
1 200
900
1 100
650
250
120
200
100
Sub
contractor
s
1 000
500
700
300
Total
2 450
1 500
2 100
1 050
Industry
R&D
26/15
The Russian nuclear workforce
27
The German Phase-out
Need for nuclear
specialists in Germany
No. of Employees (cumulative)
Manpower for Operating China
NPPs
Year
UK Nuclear human resource
31
Time to build competence
National Priorities of
IAEA Member States
45
40
35
30
25
Series1
20
15
10
5
0
National NKM Education
Priorities
Knowledge
transfer
R&D
Knowledge Training and
sharing
qualification
Critical Knowledge Issues
 How to retain existing skills and competences for the long
period during which a plant is operating, especially when
facilities in that country may be at the end of the life cycle
and no additional facilities are foreseen in the near future.
 How to develop new skills and competences in areas such
as decommissioning and radioactive waste management,
which may be viewed as "sunset" activities and therefore
unattractive to young people.
 How to support a revival of nuclear power in countries
wishing to do so, with an ageing workforce and declining
programs.
Can the nuclear industry
protect
knowledge
alone?
Are we not duplicating industry?
 Markets can create and preserve knowledge
only in areas of commercial interest and
during the time this interest lasts.
 Managing nuclear knowledge requires long-
term planning and remains in the
responsibility of governments as a part of
national development plans and international
obligations both for developed and
developing countries.
35
Players and Roles
 Industry must address
Government
Focus
Higher Risk
Long Term
Risk
immediate requirements
◦ Design, delivery, and
operations need constant
focus
Higher Risk
◦ Safety and regulation
Short Term
◦ Economics
 Governments must address
longer term issues
◦ Policy-making
◦ R&D for
 Pre-commercial
Lower Risk
 Strategic
Short Term
 Regulatory
◦ Underlying science
Industry
◦ Education & infrastructure
◦ Agency  Government Focus
focus
36
Lower Risk
Long Term
Time
The Role of the IAEA
 The role for the Agency is to assist in the
transfer of knowledge from “centres of
competence” to the “centres of growth”.
 Potentially high risk of knowledge loss and
additional cost for future generations must
be avoided, and the Agency can help to
integrate this long-term aspect into today's
strategic decisions.
37
Agency’
Programme Evolution
Knowledge CULTURE
Knowledge MANAGEMENT
2002
Meeting of Senior
Officials st GC RES on
Managing Nuclear
Knowledge
2000
2004
1st NKM Conference
ANENT, WNU SI
established
GC/RES on Managing
Nuclear Knowledge
2003
2005
2005
1st KM Assist Visit
NKM Methodology
& Guidance
developed
2007
2006/7
2nd NKM Conference
Nuclear Knowledge
Portal
ANENT Cyber
platform launched
3rd GC RES
2009
2008/9 – 2010/11
1.Promoting Knowledge
Management Culture
2. Providing Services
3. Developing knowledge products
4. Facilitate networking and
knowledge sharing.
2011
Analyzing Needs
Promoting NKM
Guidance & Methodology
Providing Services & Support
38
Knowledge Management
Methodology and Guidance
O
G
R
• NKM objectives
Principles/Objectives
• NKM Guides
• NPP, RAWF,GO,RO, KLRA,
• Technical reports
• NKM Handbook, NKM Glossary,
NKM Conference Proceedings
Guides
Technical reports
NKM is part of Integrated
Management Systems
50-C-Q Code
Quality Assurance
+ new material
GS-R-3
Safety Requirements on
Management Systems
(Knowledge Management)
50-SG-Q1 to Q7
Safety Guides
+ new material
GS-G-3.1
Thematic Guidance on
Management Systems
(Knowledge Management)
DS 349
Specific Guidance for MS
Of Nuclear Facilities
50-SG-Q8 to Q14
Safety Guides
+ new material
IAEA NKM Publications
NKM Guidance
underdevelopment
 Knowledge Management for Radwaste
Management Organizations,
 Process Oriented Knowledge Management in
Nuclear operating Organizations
 Managing Knowledge in New NPP Builds
NKM and Construction
Oversight
Design Commitment
Design Completion
24 months
30 Months
Continuance
Operational Support
Ongoing License Docs
License Operational
Project Evaluation
Warranty
Owner Acceptance
Project Close Out
Post Construction
Operations
Layout
Mobilization
Purchase Orders
Construction
NTP
Award
BFO
Conclusion
ASME SECTIONS 3 + 11
Scheduled Construction
Review
Procurement
Long Lead Items
Assign Project Team
Due Diligence
Bid Eval
Value Engineering
Pre Construction
Permitting
COL
COLA
Compliance Matrix
Application Development
Build Bid Package
Review
Subcontracts
RFQ
Supportive
Staging
Assessment
Project Buy-out
Evaluation
Development
RFI’s Submittal Review Change Order Review Time Extension Justification
16 Months
36 Months
16 Months
Continuing
.
Construction Oversight Knowledge Management
Tool for new build NPPs
NKM Program 2008/9
43
43
The NKM project for nuclear
education
INFORMATION
RESOURCES
Comprehensive,
supporting
materials
All the Agency’s
resources
INIS
Library
Training materials
Nuclear Safety Series
Nuclear Energy docs.
National reports
Others
CYBER
PLATFORM
NUCLEAR
DISCIPLINES
The Cyber Learning
Platform
Programs and
Curricula
Operated jointly by
Member States and
IAEA
Cooperation with
MEPhI, ENEN,
Dalton Inst., etc.
(Industry?)
A bit more
complicate
d
Provision of
Educators, Mentors,
and Tutors
IAEA Global Nuclear Education Platform –
Operated from KAERI, Vienna, Bariloche,
Johannesburg
44
Agency Network for Education
in Nuclear Technology
Support to develop,
consolidate, and utilize the
web-based standardized
education and training
materials
Provide infrastructure for
distance, knowledge
sharing and
communication in nuclear
education.
Currently operate or under
consideration:

ANENT
 LA NENT
 AFRA NENT(?)
A-NENT
World Nuclear University
 The Agency is a
founding supporter of
the WNU.
 IAEA supports fellows
from developing
countries through the
TC program.
 IAEA provides faculty
to WNU Summer
Institute and other
WNU programs.
46
NKM Program 2008/9
46
The Knowledge Assist Visits
Evaluation of organizational
NKM elements,
 Analysis of organizational
needs for NKM,
 Support in developing a
Strategy for NKM,
 Assistance in methods and
tools for NKM,
 Risk assessment of
knowledge loss.
Fast Reactor Knowledge System
IAEA
DATA
JAPAN
FAST REACTORS
INFORMATION
+ links to other
Knowledge
Resources
USA
INDIA
GERMANY
FRANCE
IAEAbroker
and
provider
END
USER
General Principles:
•Electronic Documents Access
RUSSIA
KNOWHOW
UK
•Confidentiality and Intellectual
property rights
•Sharing and commercial
access
4
“NuArch” - Archiving the
“Nuclear Internet”
NuArch
1. A web crawler
identifies and downloads
(harvests) nuclear
information resources from
the Internet.
2. The harvested materials is
automatically indexed and
stored in a high-volume
archive with version
control.
3. A customised version of an
advanced search engine
indexes all contents.
4. Specialised analysis tools
are developed.
49
Three reasons to consider about
Nuclear Renaissance…
 The world is in desperate need of energy.
 By releasing waste from fossil energy
production into the atmosphere, we pollute
the environment and we pass on to our
children a little more each day. Is that
acceptable? Is it sustainable?
 Mankind has - since its beginnings - proved
itself capable of controlling technical progress
to ensure its own well being and the smooth
development of the planet.
The two High-Tech laws that
apply also to nuclear…
 "The beginnings of any technology-rich
business are all characterized by a shortage
of large numbers of technically trained
people needed to support ultimate growth"
 "The resources will come when the business
becomes attractive to the best-and brightest
who adapt skills to become part of an exciting
opportunity"
The Role of Nuclear Power
 Nuclear power is the most scaleable cost
competitive source of non carbon electricity.
 Whether or not North America and Europe
will expand nuclear power, China , India and
the rest of the world will, for a cost effective
reduction of greenhouse gases.
 Nuclear power alone will not take us where
we want to be but we will not make it
without nuclear power!
Nuclear Knowledge Management
Priorities
 Nothing ever works on
New talent is badly
needed if Nuclear
power will play its
role in the energy
future.
its own. It always has to
be managed.’
Number one priority!
QUO VADIS - Where are we going?
 When Saint Peter met Jesus
as he was running from
being crucified in Rome,
Peter asked Jesus the
question – Quo vadis?
 Jesus answered, "I am going
to Rome to be crucified
again“.
 This prompted Peter to gain
the courage to continue his
ministry and eventually
become a martyr.
THANK YOU,
Browse your best resource on Managing Nuclear Knowledge :
http://www.iaea.org/inisnkm